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1.
在铜基体上利用等离子体喷涂技术制备了钨涂层面对等离子体材料,分析了喷涂功率对涂层致密性、传热性能、表面粗糙度等性能的影响,利用Nd∶YAG激光器对等离子体喷涂钨涂层瞬态高热负荷作用下的损伤行为进行研究。研究发现,瞬态高热负荷仅在涂层表面传递,涂层破坏主要发生在表面,涂层内部没出现明显损伤。损伤演变行为是:表面局部熔化、微裂纹形成,熔区扩展并向外挤压熔化的钨涂层、主次裂纹出现,涂层加热区沸腾并伴随蒸发、溅射现象。  相似文献   

2.
采用常压氢气烧结制备了W-ZrC材料,研究了添加ZrC对材料室温和高温力学性能与组织的影响,并对高热负荷冲击下的损伤行为进行了研究。结果表明,添加ZrC有利于钨材料的致密化和晶粒细化,提高了烧结态钨材料的强韧性:其中W-3wt%ZrC相对密度和室温拉伸强度分别达到99.7%和472MPa,400℃至1000℃的拉伸强度在420MPa左右,应变由室温的3.4%增加至1000℃时的11%。高热负荷冲击结果表明高强度能提高材料抗高热负荷冲击能力,W-3wt%ZrC材料在200 MW/m2 (5 ms)以下的高热负荷冲击表面基本无裂纹,在300-400MW/m2时出现的主裂纹网格间距明显较W-0.7wt%ZrC小。随高热负荷冲击能量增加,裂纹大致沿纵向向基体内部逐渐扩展。裂纹扩展遇到第二相粒子时,部分穿过第二相粒子,部分终止于第二相粒子。裂纹穿过第二相粒子时,裂纹与第二相粒子发生了交互作用,裂纹扩展方向发生改变。  相似文献   

3.
采用常压氢气烧结法制备了W-ZrC材料,分析了添加ZrC对材料室温和高温力学性能与组织的影响,并对高热负荷冲击下的损伤行为进行了研究。结果表明,添加ZrC有利于钨材料的致密化和晶粒细化,提高了烧结态钨材料的强韧性:其中W-3%ZrC(质量分数,下同)的相对密度和室温抗拉强度分别达到99.7%和472 MPa,400℃至1000℃的抗拉强度仍保持在420MPa左右,应变由室温的3.4%增加至1000℃时的11%。高热负荷冲击试验表明,高强度能提高材料抗高热负荷冲击能力,W-3%ZrC在200 MW/m~2 (5 ms)以下的高热负荷冲击表面基本无裂纹,在300~400 MW/m~2时出现的主裂纹网格间距明显较W-0.7%ZrC小。随高热负荷冲击能量增加,裂纹大致沿纵向向基体内部逐渐扩展。裂纹扩展遇到第二相粒子时,部分穿过第二相粒子,部分终止于第二相粒子。裂纹穿过第二相粒子时,裂纹与第二相粒子发生了交互作用,裂纹扩展方向发生改变。  相似文献   

4.
聚变堆在运行过程中面对等离子体钨基材料需要承受住一定次数稳态和瞬态热负荷的冲击而不发生开裂以及熔化等损伤。对商业钨在不同测试手段下热负荷的损伤行为进行了分析,阐述超细晶粒钨、合金化、掺杂碳化物以及稀土氧化物等改性手段对钨基材料热负荷性能的影响;对面对等离子体钨基材料热负荷损伤行为进行了总结与展望。  相似文献   

5.
轻核聚变反应产生的核能是解决能源问题的有效途径。但核聚变堆中材料的工作环境苛刻,钨凭借其优异性能成为今后核聚变装置中最有前途的备选材料,然而纯钨用于聚变堆时,存在韧脆转变温度较高、再结晶温度低、辐照硬化和脆化以及难加工等问题。因此,引入钨基材料以达到解决上述问题的目的。在此基础上,介绍了钨和钨基材料在等离子体辐照、高热负荷以及高能中子辐照作用下的损伤行为,讨论了损伤机理,并指出了尚需研究的若干关键问题。  相似文献   

6.
钨涂层是最有希望的聚变堆偏滤器高热负荷面对等离子体材料。系统总结了钨涂层材料、连接及其制备研究进展,分析了钨涂层材料及其与热沉连接存在的问题,提出了偏滤器高热负荷面对等离子体钨涂层铁素体钢热沉材料(W/ODS)连续制备的发展方向,分析了钨涂层制备方法的优缺点,指出了电子束物理气相沉积(EBPVD)方法连续制备大面积的、显微结构可控的W/ODS的研发方向。  相似文献   

7.
利用等离子体喷涂技术制备了钨涂层面对等离子体材料,并对涂层基本性能进行了表征,主要包括气孔率,相对密度,结合强度,热导率,硬度分布,进而研究主动水冷钨涂层在热负荷服役条件下损伤演变行为。研究发现,直接水冷钨涂层内部层与层之间的开裂、分层是涂层失效的原因,损伤演变过程为柱状晶体再结晶并长大、层间微裂纹出现、裂纹扩展和气孔出现、最后材料分层、失效。间接水冷钨材料的热负荷性能受到很大限制,且疲劳性能降低,失效形式是涂层开裂或脱落,甚至铜基体整体熔化。  相似文献   

8.
利用等离子体喷涂技术制备了钨涂层面对等离子体材料,并对涂层基本性能进行了表征,主要包括气孔率、相对密度、结合强度、热导率、硬度分布,进而研究主动水冷钨涂层在热负荷服役条件下的损伤演变行为。研究发现,直接水冷钨涂层内部层与层之间的开裂、分层是涂层失效的原因,损伤演变过程为柱状晶体再结晶并长大、层间微裂纹出现、裂纹扩展和气孔出现、最后材料分层、失效。间接水冷钨材料的热负荷性能受到很大限制,且疲劳性能降低,失效形式是涂层开裂或脱落,甚至铜基体整体熔化。  相似文献   

9.
采用真空等离子喷涂技术在铜基体表面制备了钨涂层,分别通过NiCrAl和W75Cu25涂层作为中间层。5 MW/m2, 2 s的高热负荷电子束实验表明NiCrAl中间层提高了涂层的热导率并降低了热应力和残余应力值。W75Cu25涂层作为中间层则表现出较差的热疲劳性能。高热负荷电子束真空等离子喷涂钨涂层表现出侵蚀和微裂纹。因热应力导致涂层发生塑性变形,在高温情况下裂纹起源于熔融的钨颗粒,但是,裂纹被钨涂层塑性变形和孔洞所抑制  相似文献   

10.
采用真空等离子喷涂技术在铜基体表面制备了钨涂层,分别通过NiCrAl和W75Cu25涂层作为中间层。5 MW/m2,2 s的高热负荷电子束实验表明NiCrAl中间层提高了涂层的热导率并降低了热应力和残余应力值。W75Cu25涂层作为中间层则表现出较差的热疲劳性能。高热负荷电子束真空等离子喷涂钨涂层表现出侵蚀和微裂纹。因热应力导致涂层发生塑性变形,在高温情况下裂纹起源于熔融的钨颗粒,但是,裂纹被钨涂层塑性变形和孔洞所抑制。  相似文献   

11.
In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.  相似文献   

12.
After nearly two years' tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry (SRIF), located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.  相似文献   

13.
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.  相似文献   

15.
The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).  相似文献   

16.
This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.  相似文献   

17.
Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.  相似文献   

18.
A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.  相似文献   

19.
The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.  相似文献   

20.
On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes' collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.  相似文献   

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