自然扩散条件下SO4^2-、Cl^-在砂浆中的沉积特性

通过模拟自然扩散条件下,测试不同砂浆试件内部各个位置硫酸根离子、氯离子的沉积数量,着重讨论了硫酸根离子、氯离子在掺粉煤灰、矿渣水泥砂浆中的沉积特性。结果表明,矿渣、粉煤灰对砂浆中硫酸根离子、氯离子的沉积数量存在较大影响,粉煤灰和矿渣复掺能显著降低砂浆表层沉积的离子数量。砂浆中氯离子、硫酸根离子的沉积量随浸泡龄期延长而呈现不同的变化趋势,砂浆表层的氯离子沉积量随浸泡龄期而增加的速率大于硫酸根离子。研究成果为改善水泥基材料耐侵蚀性盐类的腐蚀作用提供科学依据。     

烧页岩在复合水泥中的应用

利用烧页岩与硅酸盐水泥熟料复合制备复合水泥,检测复合水泥的物理性能,通过正交试验和分析得到最佳原料配比,探讨该复合水泥的水化机理。结果表明,在合适的配比条件下,烧页岩与矿渣、粉煤灰复掺的复合硅酸盐水泥的安定性、凝结时间及其抗折、抗压性能均满足P.C 42.5#水泥的生产要求。     

碱式硫酸镁水泥减水剂的合成研究

碱式硫酸镁水泥是近几年研发出的一种新型水泥,具有高折压比的特点。而目前市面上的减水剂都是针对硅酸盐水泥体系的。因此,针对匹配碱式硫酸镁水泥的减水剂研发,具有支撑该水泥工程化应用的意义。本文采用单因素法和正交实验法研究萘系减水剂的合成配比,并且探究萘系减水剂的pH值、掺量以及硫酸根含量对碱式硫酸镁水泥净浆流动度和经时损失的影响。结果表明:合成配比对萘系减水剂性能的影响程度为酸萘比醛萘比水萘比,最优配比为酸萘比1.4、醛萘比0.96、水萘比3.5;水灰比为0.48,掺入4.4%萘系减水剂后流动度高达194 mm;减水剂的pH值对碱式硫酸镁水泥流动度的影响不明显;随着硫酸根含量的增加,体系中析出较多的硫酸镁晶体从而使流动度下降;自制萘系减水剂与市售萘系减水剂相比,流动度的经时损失相对较好。     

低碱高强硅铝聚合材料的研究

以煅烧铝土矿选尾矿、矿渣微粉、水玻璃为主要原料,在800℃下煅烧1 h制备得到高强硅铝聚合材料。用XRD和SEM研究了反应产物的相组成和微观结构,并着重比较研究了该材料与特种水泥的抗化学侵蚀性能差异。结果表明:制备得到的胶砂试样,28d抗折、抗压强度分别达到10.2MPa,60.2MPa;试样分别经3%硫酸钠、3%硫酸镁溶液浸泡28 d后,其强度没有下降反而略有上升,在石膏掺量为7%的硫酸盐环境中,其累计膨胀率远远小于中抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥的;分别经5%盐酸、5%硫酸溶液浸泡28d后,其质量损失及强度损失均小于铝酸盐水泥和快硬硫铝酸盐水泥的。制备得到的硅铝聚合材料具有优异的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能、一定的耐稀酸侵蚀性能。     

碱式硫酸镁水泥的研究进展及性能提升技术

碱式硫酸镁水泥(Basic magnesium sulfate cement,BMSC)是一种以外加剂技术为核心的新型镁质胶凝材料,主要由轻烧氧化镁、不同结晶水的硫酸镁、矿物掺合料与化学外加剂一起混磨而成,使用时与普通硅酸盐水泥一样加水拌和即可。碱式硫酸镁水泥具有氯氧镁水泥轻质、快凝、高强、耐磨的优点,且不易吸潮反卤。BMSC的主要水化产物5Mg(OH)_2·MgSO_4·7H_2O相(5·1·7相)的溶解度仅为0.034 g/100 g水,与硅酸盐水泥基本处于同一量级,远低于氯氧镁水泥,在建筑保温材料等领域可以广泛取代氯氧镁水泥。碱式硫酸镁水泥的抗折强度约为同强度等级硅酸盐水泥抗折强度的2～3倍,且其耐久性能、护筋性能与普通硅酸盐水泥相当。同时,BMSC混凝土具有较大的刚度和良好的抗震性能,其抗弯拉及抗冲击荷载性能均优于同等级普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土,尤其是开裂荷载比同强度、同配筋的普通混凝土大10%,因此其在结构工程领域也有良好的应用前景。更重要的是,用于制备碱式硫酸镁水泥的轻烧氧化镁的煅烧温度较低,使BMSC满足了建筑节能和环境保护的要求,有望成为未来核心高性能生态友好型水泥,具有巨大的发展潜力。本文概述了碱式硫酸镁水泥的性能特点,综述了其制备方法及水化过程,对比分析了碱式硫酸镁水泥、氯氧镁水泥和硫氧镁水泥的微观结构与性能的差异,阐明了镁质原料中α-MgO的含量和活性、α-MgO/MgSO_4及H_2O/MgSO_4的配料物质的量比、化学外加剂种类及掺量对碱式硫酸镁水泥微观结构及性能的影响。在此基础上,从原料及制备工艺等方面提出了进一步提升碱式硫酸镁水泥性能的措施,并展望了碱式硫酸镁水泥未来的研究方向。     

早龄期复合胶凝材料的裂纹扩展阻力分析

研究了不同组成的复合胶凝材料硬化浆体(硅酸盐水泥,硅酸盐水泥 粉煤灰,硅酸盐水泥 矿渣,硅酸盐水泥 硅灰,硅酸盐水泥 硅灰 粉煤灰)早龄期时裂纹扩展阻力的发展,探讨了粉煤灰掺量对裂纹扩展阻力的影响.结果表明:早龄期时,在相同水胶比条件下,掺加硅灰使胶凝材料体系裂纹扩展阻力明显降低,在低水胶比条件下,掺加一定量的粉煤灰能够明显增加体系的裂纹扩展阻力,掺加20%的粉煤灰能使胶凝材料具有较高的裂纹扩展阻力.     

偏高岭土掺合料对水泥胶砂强度的影响

将不同比例的偏高岭土与矿渣、粉煤灰复合掺入水泥砂浆,分析水胶比和偏高岭土掺合料对水泥胶砂强度的影响,并借助活性指数综合分析偏高岭土掺合料的诱导激活效应。研究结果表明:偏高岭土与其他矿物参合料复掺比例一定时,随水胶比增大,水泥胶砂的强度呈下降趋势。当水胶比一定时,掺量在5%～15%范围之内,偏高岭土与矿渣复掺可提高水泥的早期强度;偏高岭土、矿渣与粉煤灰复掺更有助于改善水泥3～7d的抗折和抗压强度。偏高岭土在复掺比例为40%左右,水泥胶砂的抗折强度和抗压强度活性指数达到最佳。     

掺矿渣石膏对油井水泥性能的改善

系统研究了不同配比的矿渣石膏体系对改善G级油井水泥膨胀性能和力学性能的影响.通过汞压入法(method of mercury intrusion pore measurement,MIP)和扫描电镜(SEM)等现代测试方法对矿渣油井水泥的水化硬化特性和机理进行了研究.试验结果表明:掺加矿渣石膏后能显著改善油井水泥石的早期强度;并且该体系在50℃养护温度下,通过石膏的不同掺量,可以获得比较好的早期膨胀数据;通过微观结构的分析,验证了石膏对矿渣油井水泥体系的激发作用.     

冲击荷载作用下改良水泥-粉煤灰试样力学特性研究

为探究石膏和石灰改良水泥-粉煤灰在冲击动载下的力学特性,采用了分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对不同养护龄期和不同配合比下的改良水泥-粉煤灰试样进行冲击试验。研究了相同冲击荷载作用下试样的破坏特征和动态力学特性,并重点分析了动态抗压强度(DCS)与养护龄期和石膏、石灰掺量之间的关系。试验结果表明:随着试样龄期的增加,石膏改良水泥-粉煤灰的脆性逐渐增强,而石灰改良水泥-粉煤灰的试样总体偏延性;随着固化剂掺量的增加,石膏改良试样强度呈现出先增长后降低的趋势,掺量为6%时,DCS达到峰值,早期石灰改良试样强度表现为先上升后降低,而后期呈现出持续上升的趋势并在掺量为12%时,90 d DCS达到最大值14.36 MPa。     

矿物掺合料对聚羧酸减水剂与水泥相容性的影响

高性能减水剂与水泥适应性差会导致混凝土流动性和坍落度损失过快,矿物掺合料将影响高性能减水剂与水泥的相容性。对比研究矿物掺合料种类和掺量对水泥净浆、砂浆和混凝土流动性的影响;采用TOC法测试了矿物掺合料对聚羧酸减水剂吸附量的影响;分析了矿物掺合料影响聚羧酸减水剂与水泥相容性的机理。结果表明,粉煤灰和矿渣对提高水泥净浆流动性具有一定的叠加效应,可用胶砂减水率的加权平均值进行量化;硅灰对水泥浆体流动性的不利影响远大于粉煤灰和矿渣的辅助减水分散作用,不利于改善聚羧酸减水剂与水泥的相容性;粉煤灰和矿渣增加聚羧酸减水剂在水泥体系中的吸附量;粉煤灰和矿渣对聚羧酸减水剂在混凝土中的减水分散效果有改善作用但不显著。     

硫酸盐环境下灌浆材料长龄期力学性能及微观结构分析

本文将抗硫酸盐水泥和中热水泥掺粉煤灰制备的水泥浆体浸泡在5%Na2SO4溶液至1110d,研究长龄期硫酸盐侵蚀下各试件的力学性能和微观结构。结果表明:限制空间中形成的细小钙矾石是引起基体开裂的主要原因,石膏的形成会引起水泥基材料剥落,抗硫酸盐水泥不能有效防止石膏型硫酸盐侵蚀;大掺量粉煤灰的二次水化反应能够消耗大量氢氧化钙,从而降低侵蚀过程中石膏相的形成且能有效改善浆体微结构;水电工程中采用中热水泥+50%粉煤灰制备的水泥基材料能够有效抑制钙矾石和石膏的形成,其抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能和经济性明显优于抗硫酸盐水泥制备的水泥基材料。     

聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料在长期浸泡作用下抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

为了研究纤维和粉煤灰对长期浸泡作用下聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料（PVA纤维/水泥复合材料）抗硫酸钠侵蚀的影响,对多次试验周期后的试件表观形貌变化、质量变化、体积变化、抗压强度和微观结构进行分析研究。试验结果表明,纤维的掺入及良好的分散,在水泥基体中形成了良好的网络分布结构,使PVA纤维/水泥复合材料在硫酸钠溶液中的侵蚀速度减缓,但纤维掺量有一个最佳值;粉煤灰的掺入在一定程度上密实了PVA纤维/水泥复合材料,使其抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能得到改善,质量分数在50%之内时随着掺量的增加而更加明显。     

Sulfate resistance of plain and blended cements exposed to varying concentrations of sodium sulfate

Concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack is the second major durability problem, after reinforcement corrosion. This type of deterioration is noted in the structures exposed to sulfate-bearing soils and groundwater. Though concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack is reported from many countries, the mechanisms of sulfate attack have not been thoroughly investigated, particularly the effect of sulfate concentration and the cation type associated with the sulfate ions on concrete deterioration. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of plain and blended cements exposed to varying concentrations of sodium sulfate for up to 24 months. Four types of cements, namely Type I, Type V, Type I plus silica fume and Type I plus fly ash, were exposed to five sodium sulfate solutions with sulfate concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 4%. These concentrations are representative of the sulfate concentration in highly saline soils. The sulfate resistance was evaluated by visual examination and measuring the and reduction in compressive strength. The maximum deterioration, due to sulfate attack, was noted in Type I cement followed by silica fume and Type V cements. The performance of Type V, Type I plus silica fume and Type I plus fly ash was not significantly different from each other. The enhanced sulfate resistance noted in the Type I cement blended with either silica fume or fly ash indicates the usefulness of these cements in both sulfate and sulfate plus chloride environments.     

脱硫石膏对大掺量粉煤灰-矿渣粉干混砂浆性能的影响

针对大掺量粉煤灰、矿渣粉导致干混砂浆早期强度和后期强度较低的问题,研究脱硫石膏对该干混砂浆性能的影响;采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及孔结构分析等手段进行微观机理讨论。结果表明,在大掺量粉煤灰矿粉干混砂浆中掺加占胶凝材料总质量6%～8%的脱硫石膏,对和易性无不良影响,并可显著提高浆体的抗压强度及拉伸粘结强度,收缩率降低10%以上,并改善抗碳化能力,使砂浆体积更稳定;脱硫石膏对粉煤灰及矿渣粉起到激发硫酸盐和碱性的双重作用,并在一定程度上促进水泥水化;胶凝材料的水化产物改善砂浆浆体内部结构,使砂浆浆体中的孔隙大大减少。     

Properties of alkali activated slag–fly ash blends with limestone addition

In this article, the effects of raw materials’ composition on fresh behavior, reaction kinetics, mechanical properties and microstructure of alkali activated slag–fly ash–limestone blends are investigated. The results indicate that, with the increasing content of fly ash and limestone, the slump flow increases. The setting times are shortened when increasing the slag content, while both fly ash and limestone show a negligible influence. The reaction process is slightly accelerated by the presence of limestone due to the extra provided nucleation sites, but the reaction process is mainly governed by the slag. The slag content exhibits a dominant role on strength in this ternary system, while for a constant slag content, the compressive strength increases with the increasing limestone content up to 30%. The microstructure analysis shows that the gel characteristics are independent of the limestone powder content. The presence of limestone in initially high Ca and Al conditions does not lead to the formation of additional crystalline phases, which is different from Portland cement systems. Both physically and chemically bound water contents are slightly increased when limestone powder is incorporated.     

改性磷石膏的强度与孔结构的研究

本工作研究了矿物掺合料(矿渣、粉煤灰)和激发剂(熟石灰和水泥)对磷石膏强度的影响,并且探索了水泥对磷石膏耐水系数的影响。此外对磷石膏改性处理后的微观形貌和孔结构进行了分析。研究结果表明:矿渣和粉煤灰均能提高磷石膏的强度,且矿渣对磷石膏强度的增强作用更明显;但两者对磷石膏耐水性的增强作用并不明显,矿渣掺量过多时会由于延迟钙矾石的形成而导致石膏开裂。水泥和熟石灰作为激发剂时可以增强磷石膏的强度,熟石灰的增强作用更明显。水泥对磷石膏的耐水性能有一定的增强作用。磷石膏的水胶比、养护龄期和矿物掺合料可以改变其孔隙率,但不会改变其孔径分布;粉煤灰可以提高石膏的孔隙率,并且改变其孔径分布;水泥会降低石膏的孔隙率并改变其孔结构。     

Simulation of a temperature rise in concrete incorporating fly ash or slag

Granulated slag from metal industries and fly ash from the combustion of coal are among the industrial by-products and have been widely used as mineral admixtures in normal and high strength concrete. Due to the reaction between calcium hydroxide and fly ash or slag, compared with Portland cement, the hydration of concrete containing fly ash or slag is much more complex. In this paper, by considering the producing of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and the consumption of it in the reaction of mineral admixtures, a numerical model is proposed to simulate the hydration of concrete containing fly ash or slag. The heat evolution rate of fly ash or slag blended concrete is determined from the contribution of both cement hydration and the reaction of mineral admixtures. Furthermore, a temperature rise in blended concrete is evaluated based on the degree of hydration of cement and mineral admixtures. The proposed model is verified with experimental data on the concrete with different water-to-cement ratios and mineral admixtures substitution ratios.     

Strength and resistance to sulfate and sulfuric acid of ground fluidized bed combustion fly ash–silica fume alkali-activated composite

Fluidized bed combustion (FBC) is an environmentally friendly process for burning of coal and is used in many small factories located in urban area. The FBC fly ash is an environmental problem and needs good disposal or utilization. This research studied the strength and resistance to sulfate and acid of alkali-activated FBC fly ash–silica fume composite. The FBC fly ash was interground with silica fume (at the dosage levels of 1.5%, 3.75% and 5.0%) to make the source material homogenous with increased reactivity. Addition of silica fume enabled the adjustment of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios (6.55-7.54) of composite and improved the strength and resistance to sulfate and acid of composite. The composite with 3.75% silica fume showed the optimum strength with 28-day compressive strength of 17.0 MPa. The compressive strengths of composite with 3.75% silica fume immersed in 5% magnesium sulfate solution and 3% sulfuric acid solutions were substantially higher than the control. The strength loss was from the high calcium content of FBC fly ash and incorporation of silica fume thus increased the durability of the composite.     

垃圾焚烧炉渣-粉煤灰复合水泥的性能研究

研究了垃圾焚烧炉渣及粉煤灰单掺和复掺时硬化水泥浆体的力学性能和水化机理,比较了两者的活性,探讨了两者作为辅助性胶凝材料利用的可行性.研究表明:掺有垃圾焚烧炉渣及粉煤友的复合水泥,其强度均有不同程度的下降,它们的掺入在一定程度上延缓了水泥的水化过程,且垃圾焚烧炉渣的水化反应活性稍高于粉煤灰;掺垃圾焚烧炉渣及粉煤灰的复合水泥中重金属离子浸出量小,在等掺20%的条件下,浸出量远低于国家标准,说明在一定的情况下,焚烧炉渣及粉煤灰作为辅助性胶凝材料使用是安全的.     

The anticorrosive effect of fly ash, slag and a Greek pozzolan in reinforced concrete

The influence of the addition of 15% and 30% fly ash, 15% and 30% of a Greek natural pozzolan and 50% granulated blastfurnace slag to ordinary Portland cement on the corrosion resistance of the reinforcing bars was studied in a program of long-term exposure to seawater. The use of blended cements resulted in a decrease in the corrosion rate, especially after long exposure times. The most effective protection was rendered by the 30% fly ash mix. This performance was related to the chloride content and the chloride binding capacity of the blended cements.