Al-Cu-Li合金电子束焊接头的耐蚀性能

研究了新型Al-Cu-Li合金电子束焊接头的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀行为。利用金相显微镜观察分析接头不同区域的晶间腐蚀IGC(Intergranular Corrosion)及剥蚀EXCO(Exfoliation Corrosion)形貌,并测量其最大晶间腐蚀深度。结果表明,在IGC溶液中浸泡24 h后,母材发生严重孔蚀,腐蚀深度较深;焊缝区发生局部网络状晶间腐蚀;热影响区观察到少量的晶间腐蚀现象。在EXCO溶液中浸泡96 h后,母材发生了严重剥落腐蚀,热影响区发生轻微的剥蚀,焊缝未发生剥蚀。     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头剥落腐蚀机理

采用原位腐蚀试验、静态失重试验、浸泡试验研究了2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头的剥落腐蚀行为与机理。结果表明:2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝腐蚀速率比母材小,焊缝的抗腐蚀性提高;腐蚀从局部点蚀开始,起源于第二相粒子与其边缘的铝基体,第二相粒子作阴极;原位腐蚀2 h后焊核与热机影响区发生晶间腐蚀,母材发生严重的点蚀;均匀分布的第二相粒子与细小的等轴晶组织是焊核区剥落腐蚀敏感性降低的主要原因。     

2219铝合金母材及焊接接头的腐蚀行为

采用剥蚀试验和动电位极化曲线测试对2219铝合金母材、搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和钨极氩弧焊(TIG)焊接头的腐蚀行为进行了研究。通过腐蚀失重测试、电化学试验与剥蚀后表面及深度方向腐蚀微观形貌观察,对三者的腐蚀形式和机理进行了分析。结果表明:母材腐蚀速率最大,自腐蚀电位最低,而腐蚀电流密度最大;两种接头焊缝/焊核的耐蚀性总体接近,都优于母材的,FSW焊核的耐蚀性最优。合金母材的腐蚀形式为层状剥蚀,TIG焊缝为晶间腐蚀,深度较小,FSW焊核为点蚀。三者的腐蚀均与析出相有关,母材的析出相粗大,与基体之间的电偶效应最明显;TIG焊缝析出相沿枝晶晶界排列,但析出相尺寸小,电偶作用弱于母材;FSW焊核析出相尺寸由于机械搅拌而变小且分布弥散,腐蚀性能有所改善。     

双级时效对7050-T7451铝合金搅拌摩擦焊组织及应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对3 mm厚7050-T7451铝合金进行焊接，为改善接头应力腐蚀敏感性，焊后进行121 ℃ × 5 h + 163 ℃ × 27 h双级时效处理. 通过对微观组织、显微硬度以及应力腐蚀敏感性的分析，研究双级时效对焊接接头性能的影响. 结果表明，双级时效后晶粒发生粗化，晶界内析出相和周边无沉淀析出带(PFZ)变宽，导致在热影响区和热力影响区出现大量不连续晶界；接头热影响区的显微硬度有所下降，但范围明显变窄，接头组织的均一性得到改善；时效处理后的接头在进行应力腐蚀试验 60天后仍未发生断裂，而未经时效处理的接头在1天内全部发生断裂，说明双级时效有效降低了焊接接头的应力腐蚀敏感性.     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢脉冲Nd:YAG固体激光焊和TIG焊焊缝耐腐蚀性能对比研究

利用硫酸-硫酸铜溶液对0.6mm厚304不锈钢Nd:YAG固体脉冲激光焊焊接接头耐腐蚀性能进行了试验研究,并与其TIG焊焊接接头及母材的耐腐蚀性能做了对比分析.结果表明,通过腐蚀前后显微组织发现母材没有晶间腐蚀现象,脉冲激光焊焊缝有轻微腐蚀,而TIG焊焊缝在晶界出现了较为明显的晶间腐蚀沟,腐蚀沟沿晶界有网状分布特征.通过腐蚀前后的显微硬度比较发现,脉冲激光焊焊缝最大硬度大于TIG焊焊缝,大于母材,TIG焊焊缝有部分低于母材的硬度区.提出了提高304不锈钢激光焊焊缝耐晶间腐蚀性能的方法和措施.     

热处理对100mm厚TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头性能的影响

针对100mm厚TC4钛合金板进行电子束对接,焊后对接头分别进行850℃再结晶退火和920℃+2 h和500℃+4 h固溶时效热处理,观察接头的微观形貌,测试其硬度和拉伸性能。结果表明,经过再结晶退火后,焊缝中部开始出现β相晶界,热影响区熔合线附近的针状α′相变少,β相等轴晶界开始出现。经过920℃+2 h和500℃+4 h固溶时效处理后,焊缝中部和底部都出现明显的β相晶界,热影响区熔合线附近的β相等轴晶界明显可见,为细片层β转变组织。力学性能测试表明,经过固溶时效热处理的接头焊缝区、热影响区及母材区的显微硬度明显高于焊态,其接头拉伸强度比焊态提升11.3%,屈服强度比焊态提升17.2%,但接头延伸率比焊态降低近59%。     

保护气对SUS304 MAG焊接头耐蚀性能的影响

目的研究熔化极活性气体保护电弧(MAG)焊的保护气体成分对SUS304焊接接头耐晶间腐蚀性能及耐电化学点蚀性能的影响。方法通过不锈钢硫酸-硫酸铁晶间腐蚀试验方法(GB/T 4334.2—2000)、不锈钢点蚀电位测量方法(GB/T 17899—1999),对97%Ar+3%O_2和95%Ar+5%CO_2两种保护气体下的SUS304MAG焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果 97%Ar+3%O_2保护气体下的SUS304 MAG焊试件焊缝处的平均腐蚀率为2.78 g/(m~2×h);95%Ar+5%CO_2保护气体下的试件焊缝处的平均腐蚀率为2.50 g/(m2×h)。由SEM扫描结果可知,在焊接热影响区,敏化区以保护气体为95%Ar+5%CO_2的试样晶界腐蚀更严重,而非敏化区(焊缝与敏化区之间)和焊缝区以保护气体为97%Ar+3%O_2的试样腐蚀较严重。采用97%Ar+3%O_2保护气体的MAG焊试样热影响区和焊缝的E￠b100分别为0.208 V和0.144 V;采用95%Ar+5%CO_2保护气体的试样热影响区和焊缝的E￠b100分别为0.199 V和0.155 V。保护气体为95%Ar+5%CO_2的MAG焊焊缝试样的耐点蚀能力略好,保护气体为97%Ar+3%O_2的热影响区试样的耐点蚀能力略好。结论两种保护气体下MAG焊的接头的耐点蚀性能相差不大,95%Ar+5%CO_2保护气体下MAG焊的接头的耐腐蚀性更好。     

6063铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织特征与腐蚀行为研究

研究了主轴旋转速度对6063铝合金板搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)焊缝组织与耐蚀性的影响,采用静态失重法、动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱对比研究了母材和焊缝在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的电化学行为,借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察母材和焊缝的显微组织以及腐蚀形貌。结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊后,合金焊接接头由母材区(BMZ),热机械影响区(TAMZ),焊核区(WN)组成。晶粒形状由母材区的粗大多边形或长条状转变为焊核区细小的等轴状,在热机械影响区形成了明显的塑性流动现象;母材和焊缝的平均腐蚀速率分别为0.078 1、0.231 5、0.347 2和0.405 1g/(m2·h);6063铝合金的主要腐蚀类型是点蚀和晶间腐蚀,在搅拌摩擦焊过程中晶粒细化和晶界增多是焊缝耐蚀性能降低的主要原因。     

热输入对不锈钢激光搭接焊接头晶间腐蚀敏感性的影响

利用双环电化学动电位再活化法研究了激光焊接热输入对奥氏体不锈钢激光搭接焊接头晶间腐蚀敏感性的影响,并通过X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪分析了激光搭接焊接头的相组成与主要合金成分. 结果表明,不锈钢激光搭接焊接头的晶间腐蚀敏感性高于母材,且随着激光热输入的增加,焊接接头的阳极极化曲线钝化区间逐渐变窄,维钝电流密度增大,再活化率Ra = Ir/Ia增大,接头的晶间腐蚀敏感性增加. 与焊缝金属相比,焊接热影响区的晶间腐蚀倾向更为明显,成为接头中耐晶间腐蚀性能最薄弱的部位,而在晶界上析出M₂₃C₆导致晶界贫铬是晶间腐蚀敏感性增加的主要原因.     

AA6061-T6合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的腐蚀性能评价（英文）

采用氯化钠+过氧化氢溶液浸泡试验研究AA6061-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的腐蚀行为。采用循环动电位极化测试、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪表征腐蚀形貌,揭示焊接区与基体合金的腐蚀机理。研究了焊接接头的显微组织和剪切强度。结果表明,与基体合金相比,焊接区在腐蚀溶液中会发生晶间腐蚀和点蚀。搭接剪切测试结果表明,所得焊接接头的拉伸剪切强度为128 MPa,超过基体合金强度的60%。电化学测试结果表明,焊核区和热影响区的保护电位比点蚀电位更负,说明焊核区与热影响区点蚀的趋势不强。基体合金抗腐蚀性比焊缝区的强,而热影响区的抗腐蚀性最差。点蚀主要源于金属间化合物边缘,因为与铝基体相比,金属间化合物的自腐蚀电位更高而成为阴极。由于焊缝区的金属间化合物增加,腐蚀电偶增加,焊缝的抗腐蚀性降低。     

X80管线钢埋弧焊焊接接头的组织和腐蚀性能

采用H08MnMoA焊丝埋弧焊焊接X80管线钢.利用扫描电镜分析焊接接头微观组织;采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗法研究了X80管线钢其焊接接头在0.5 mol/LNaHCO3+0.02 mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,在0.5 mol/L NaHCO3+0.02mol/L NaCl溶液中,由于显微组织上的差...     

焊接参数对2024铝合金FSW接头组织及腐蚀行为的影响

对2024铝合金板进行不同参数下搅拌摩擦焊接, 分析了焊缝表面组织, 检查了在EXCO溶液中焊缝表面的腐蚀行为, 并讨论硬度分布与腐蚀发生的关系. 结果表明, 焊后轴肩作用区晶粒细化明显. 随转速的增加, 焊缝上表面热影响区范围加宽、轴肩作用区硬度上升、耐蚀性能提高. 在转速1500 r/min、行进速度1000 mm/min下所得焊缝金属塑性流动剧烈, 轴肩作用区硬度值已接近母材的硬度值, 在EXCO溶液中浸泡10 h后仅发生点蚀. 与母材相比, 接头硬度的软化区是腐蚀发生的区域, 但硬度值最低的位置与腐蚀最严重的区域没有严格的对应关系.     

Intergranular and general Corrosion behaviour of 17-4 PH weldments

17-4 PH stainless steel was welded autogenously by Tungsten Inert Gas welding process. The effect of various pre- and postweld thermal treatments on intergranular corrosion (IGC) and general corrosion resistance of base, weld and heat affected zones was stu-died using electrochemical techniques. Intergranular and general corrosion resistance of base and weld metal were not affected by the thermal treatments significantly. However, the HAZ portion showed inferior corrosion resistance in the as-welded and directly aged conditions. Solutionising followed by aging resulted in uniform and relatively better corrosion resistance of all the regions.     

Influence of microstructure and roughness level on corrosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel welded joint

The influence of microstructure and surface roughness of the X5CrNi18-10 austenitic stainless steel-welded joint on resistance to uniform, pitting, and intergranular corrosion, as well as on the stability of the passive film, was evaluated. The microstructure was revealed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, whereas surface topography and roughness levels were determined by atomic force microscopy. Corrosion characteristics were obtained by the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method with double loop, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method, as well as by potentiodynamic measurements. The degree of sensitization of heat-affected zone (HAZ) was significantly lower than the threshold value required for the occurrence of intergranular corrosion. However, HAZ showed a significantly greater tendency to pitting and uniform corrosion compared to weld metal and base metal. No effect of roughness levels (RMS from 3.6 to 54 nm) on the pitting potential value of the welded joint was observed (unlike in HAZ). The polished surface shows significantly higher corrosion resistance than the grinded surface. Generally, polishing improved corrosion resistance, especially in HAZ, which is very important because HAZ is a critical place for the occurrence of pitting and other types of corrosion.     

Pitting and stress corrosion cracking resistance of friction stir welded AA 5083

The corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded (FSW) joints of AA 5083 has been compared to that of MIG welded joints. Pitting and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance in 3.5% NaCl + 0.3 g/l H₂O₂ and in EXCO (4 M KCl + 0.5 M KNO₃ + 0.1 M HNO₃) solutions has been determined at 25°C. SCC susceptibility was evaluated by slow strain rate tests (SSRT), at a strain rate of 1 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹.Welds obtained by FSW technique showed a higher corrosion resistance in EXCO solution and a lower pitting tendency than the base alloy. Electrochemical measurements (corrosion potential measurements, polarization curves recording) evidenced that FSW weld was cathodic to base alloy. FSW joints were not susceptible to SCC in both test solutions, whereas MIG joints cracked in both solutions.     

Microelectrochemical corrosion study of super martensitic welds in chloride-containing media

Pitting corrosion was studied in welded joints of supermartensitic stainless steels. The electrochemical behavior of three different weldment zones (weld metal (WM), parent metal (PM) and heat affected zone (HAZ)) was characterized independently using an electrochemical minicell through potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques. The minicell design selected for this work has the additional advantage of showing promise for service application. Macro-electrochemical characterization was also used to provide a basis for comparison and check the effectiveness of minicell techniques in characterizing the corrosion resistance of welded super martensitic stainless steels. Minicell experiments exhibit a great capacity to discriminate between the different welding zones. The electrochemical response can be correlated with the microstructure of the different zones. Thermal cycles resulting from the welding procedure do not have an important effect on the amount of retained austenite or on the values of the pitting potential E_P in the HAZ.     

On the microstructure-polarization behavior correlation of a 9Cr-1Mo steel weld joint

The use of 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel necessitates its fabrication by the process of welding. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel is a combination of many microstructures. In the present study, the corrosion properties of the base metal, weld metal, and the various regions of the HAZ are assessed with respect to their microstructures. The various microstructures in the HAZ were simulated by heat treatment of the normalized and tempered base metal at 1463, 1200, and 1138 K for 5 min followed by oil quenching. The microstructure of the base metal in the normalized and tempered condition revealed martensite laths with M₂₃C₆ carbides at lath boundaries, and uniform dispersion of fine, acicular M₂C. The weld metal showed predominantly martensitic structure with dispersion of carbides. Simulation of the microstructures of the HAZ by heat treatment resulted in the following microstructures: coarse-grained martensite of 75 μm size at 1463 K, fine-grained martensite at 1200 K, and martensite + proeutectoid α-ferrite at 1138 K. In all cases, carbide precipitation was observed in the martensitic matrix. Microhardness measurements of HAZ-simulated base metal showed increasing hardness with increasing heat treatment temperature. The hardness values obtained corresponded very well with the regions of the actual HAZ in the weld joint. Electrochemical polarization studies were carried out on the base metal, weld metal, weldment (base metal + weld metal + HAZ), and the simulated HAZ structures in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution. Critical current densities (i _crit1 and i _crit2), passive current densities (i _pass and i _sec-pass), and transpassive potential (E _tp) were the parameters considered for evaluating the corrosion resistance. The HAZ structures simulated at 1463 and 1200 K, corresponding to coarse- and fine-grained martensitic regions of an actual HAZ, had corrosion properties as good as the normalized and tempered base metal. Of the various simulated HAZ structures, the intercritical region, which was simulated at 1138 K, possessed the worst corrosion resistance. The weld metal possessed the worst corrosion resistance of the various microstructural regions in the weld joint. The weldment adopted the degraded corrosion properties of the weld metal.     

2195铝锂合金电子束焊接头的焊后热处理

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪等微观分析手段,研究不同热处理工艺条件下2195铝锂合金电子束焊接头焊缝区的显微组织演变,探讨接头的焊后热处理强化机制。结果表明,焊后热处理可显著改善接头区域的显微组织,促进强化相的析出,有利于提高接头的力学性能。经过焊后固溶+双级时效热处理,焊态下接头熔合线附近存在的等轴细晶区消失,β′、θ′和T₁等强化相在接头焊缝区析出,与单级时效处理工艺相比,双级时效处理的析出强化效果更为显著。力学性能测试表明,经过双级时效热处理后,接头的抗拉强度达到492.5 MPa,为母材强度的90.4%。接头拉伸断口表面存在许多小韧窝,并伴随出现解理面,接头呈韧-脆混合型断裂特征。     

SPV50Q钢焊接接头腐蚀和氢渗透性能分析

具有不同组织结构的焊接接头是腐蚀环境中服役焊接设备或管道的薄弱环节,这与焊接接头处发生的非均匀腐蚀密切相关.利用动电位极化、交流阻抗技术和氢渗透技术,研究了液化石油气（LPG,liquefied petroleum gas）球罐用SPV50Q钢焊接接头在含H2S溶液中的腐蚀和氢渗透特性.结果表明,具有不同组织结构的SPV50Q钢焊接接头各区金属（母材、热影响区和焊缝）,在含H2S溶液中的耐腐蚀性和氢渗透性能都具有一定的差异性,母材的耐蚀性最好,热影响区次之,焊缝金属的最差;对氢渗透性能而言,焊缝金属的氢扩散速度和扩散系数最大,热影响区的次之,母材的最小.     

6005A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的晶间腐蚀行为

对6005A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的晶间腐蚀行为进行了研究.结果表明,母材的晶间腐蚀倾向最大,热影响区(HAZ)次之,焊核区(NZ)和热力影响区(TMAZ)的晶间腐蚀倾向最低.结合场发射扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜分析解释了接头不同区域的腐蚀行为:母材的晶间腐蚀是两组微电池效应的结果,即晶界析出相/沉淀无析出带(PFZ)和铝基体/PFZ;HAZ内晶界析出相的数量的减少、间距的变大及晶内Q'相的析出显著改善了该区的晶间腐蚀性,但晶内Q'相的析出也引起了点蚀的发生;NZ和TMAZ内绝大部分的合金元素固溶于基体,抑制了晶间腐蚀的发生.