一种中空金/银双金属纳米颗粒的制备及其SERS性能

以银纳米颗粒为牺牲模板,利用Ag和HAu Cl4之间的置换反应,结合柠檬酸钠同步还原的方法制备了一种中空金/银双金属纳米颗粒。通过对颗粒形貌及局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)的分析,初步研究了此类金/银纳米颗粒的生长机理,并对影响反应的因素进行了探讨。结果表明,通过控制反应条件可以实现对LSPR的精密调控。该类金/银双金属纳米颗粒可用作为SERS基底,苯硫酚在其表面增强因子可达107,并具有良好的信号重现性。该基底用于atto610标记的生物素与亲和素的SERS检测,检测限可达80 pg/m L。     

用多轮置换/生长法调节银纳米盘的SPR吸收峰(英文)

以双还原剂法制备的单晶三角形银纳米盘为模板,在室温溶液相与HAuCl4发生多轮置换反应,反应9轮后纳米盘的面内偶极表面等离子体共振峰从初始的700 nm逐步红移到1100 nm,形貌从实心盘状逐渐变为空心纳米环.改变每轮加入的HAuCl4的量即可精细调节面内偶极峰的红移步进量.在只进行一轮反应时,若加入的HAuCl4少于一定量,面内偶极峰会发生小幅度的蓝移.在银纳米盘模板溶液中用抗坏血酸还原AgNO3,银原子沉积到纳米盘上使其生长,若采用多轮还原生长的方法,生长8轮后纳米盘的面内偶极峰逐步蓝移至650 nm,形貌从三角形盘状逐渐变为更大更圆滑的圆盘状.以上方法实现了在温和反应条件下在可见光至近红外光区方便地逐步调节银纳米结构的吸收峰.     

退火温度对Au/NiO纳米颗粒复合薄膜光吸收性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Au/NiO纳米颗粒复合薄膜.用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜以及吸收光谱表征了薄膜的结构、表面形貌以及光学性能.研究结果表明:在500 ℃或500 ℃以上温度退火后,Au/NiO薄膜中存在NiO和单质Au两相,颗粒的平均大小为23～35 nm.薄膜中Au颗粒基本呈球形,随着温度的升高,薄膜表面的粗糙度减小,Au颗粒长大,分布也较均匀.Au/NiO薄膜在波长550～610 nm范围内具有明显的表面等离子共振吸收峰,随着退火温度的升高,吸收峰先蓝移后红移,其光吸收强度逐渐减弱.     

硝酸诱导金纳米带的晶种法制备及光谱表征

采用硝酸诱导的晶种法制备金单晶纳米带,利用TEM、HRTEM和UV-vis技术对产物进行形貌、结构表征和吸收性能分析。发现产物的形态有纳米带、纳米片和纳米颗粒,但以纳米带为主。纳米带为面心立方结构金单晶。UV-vis显示,产物的微弱吸收峰位于550nm和强吸收峰位于975nm,分别起源于纳米带横轴直径与长度方向的表面等离子体共振。金纳米带的生长机制进是,小尺寸纳米片在硝酸诱导作用下通过表面偶极作用进行自组装。     

热退火对离子注入制备Au纳米颗粒生长和光学性能的影响

利用金属蒸发真空多弧离子源(MEVVA源)注入机,将Au离子注入到高纯石英玻璃衬底中来制备Au纳米颗粒,Au离子注入的加速电压分别为20、40和60 k V,注入剂量为1×1017ions/cm2,随后将注入样品在普通管式退火炉中700~1000℃退火处理。研究了注入条件和热退火参数对Au纳米颗粒的形成、生长、分布以及光学性能的影响。采用光学吸收谱、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对注入样品的光学性能、表面形貌和微观结构进行了测试和表征。实验结果表明,采用该低压离子注入结合热退火工艺的方法,所制备的Au纳米颗粒具有很强的局域表面等离子体共振特性,同时该方法也为制备尺寸和分布可控的Au纳米颗粒提供了一些新的参考途径。     

Ag/SiO2核-壳结构球的制备与光学性质

采用St(o)ber方法,以AgNO3与柠檬盐钠还原反应所制备出的Ag纳米颗粒为种子,合成了Ag/SiO2核-壳结构的亚微米球.用透射电镜(TEM)观测所得产物的形貌和大小,并用光吸收谱仪测试了Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振(SPR)引起的光吸收峰.     

直流电弧等离子体制备NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒

采用直流电弧等离子体技术制备NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒,对初产物经过钝化处理得到有氧化膜保护的NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒.采用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、热重和差示扫描量热分析仪(TGA/DSC)以及傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)等手段对试样的成分、表面组成、形貌、晶体结构、粒度、红外吸收性能和氧化特性进行了分析.结果表明:经过表面钝化处理的NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒具有明显的核-壳结构,内核为纳米Ni,外壳为NiO氧化物;颗粒呈球形,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在20～70 nm范围,平均粒径为44 nm,壳层氧化膜的厚度为5～8 nm;壳核结构可防止纳米Ni颗粒的进一步氧化和团聚,且使红外吸收峰发生蓝移.     

三维六叶风车纳米结构局域表面等离激元共振特性研究

目的 研究三维六叶风车纳米结构的等离子体特性和光学手性。方法 设计了一种可调节三维旋转角度的风车纳米结构。在垂直入射的左圆偏振（LCP）和右圆偏振光（RCP）作用下,通过Comsol多物理场仿真软件,数值分析了不同旋转角度三维风车纳米结构的透射光谱、表面电流分布和磁场强度。为了得到三维风车纳米结构的手性光学特性,计算了其不对称因子。结果 在透射光谱中观察到波长为925 nm和985 nm两种具有不同近场耦合的局域表面等离激元共振（LSPR）模式。当旋转角从0°增加到60°时,内外模式交换各自所在的激发峰位;当旋转角为45°时,三维风车具有较强的光学活性,其不对称因子最大值可达0.6,从而在不同的共振模式下得到了最佳的圆二色性效应。结论 LSPR模式对几何参数有很强的依赖性和可调控性,光学手性对风车结构叶片的上升程度具有很强的敏感性。研究结果可为设计新的手性光学纳米结构提供参考,为光电相互作用领域的应用提供新思路。     

FeO薄膜担载的Pt纳米粒子

研究了FeO/Pt(111)体系中FeO薄膜及其担载的Pt纳米粒子的制备和热稳定性。在Pt(111)表面制备出完整的单层FeO薄膜,并作为载体制备2~3 nm粒径均一且分散均匀的纳米Pt粒子,形成 Pt/FeO/Pt(111)模型催化剂。氧气气氛(1.1×10-6 mbar)以及不同温度的退火处理并不能有效地促进Pt粒子在FeO薄膜表面的分散,也不利于形成全同有恅的Pt纳米粒子阵列。单层FeO表面担载的Pt纳米粒子已能够符合相关模型催化剂研究工作的总要,将成为下一步的工作基础。     

多轮置换法制备的Au-Ag三角纳米环及其光学性能

以双还原剂法制备的单晶三角形银纳米盘为模板,在室温HAuCl4溶液中发生多轮置换反应,制备Au-Ag三角纳米环材料。采用TEM、EDX和XRD等检测手段表征反应阶段产物的形貌、组成以及晶体结构。TEM、EDX和电子衍射谱证实Au置换了Ag。反应7轮后纳米盘的面内偶极表面等离子体共振峰从初始的700nm逐步红移到1100nm,形貌从实心盘状逐渐变为空心纳米环。改变每轮加入的HAuCl4量即可精细调节面内偶极峰的红移步进量。通过采用SERS光谱检测方法,随着多步置换反应的进行,提出了一个可行的形成机理机制。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。