纳米TiO2粉体分散工艺优化

为了充分利用纳米TiO2粉体的光催化特性,采用物理分散与化学分散相结合的方法,以蒸馏水为介质,对纳米TiO2粉体进行均匀分散;用体积沉降率评价法优选最佳分散剂,并通过正交实验得出纳米TiO2粉体的最佳分散工艺条件;采用透射电镜和激光衍射粒度仪对分散效果进行表征。结果表明,纳米TiO2粉体的最佳分散工艺条件如下:纳米TiO2粉体的质量分数为1%,以质量分数分别为0.5%、1%的聚丙烯酸铵、聚乙二醇为复合分散剂,分散液pH为7.0,高速剪切乳化机作用时间为30 min,转速为5 000 r/min,超声波作用时间为10 min;分散液中纳米TiO2粉体的粒径主要集中在30~50 nm,粒径分布均匀,分散效果稳定。     

纳米Al2O3复合磷化膜分散剂的选择

磷化液中加入纳米颗粒Al2O3能提高其综合性能,但纳米颗粒的团聚影响磷化膜性能的提高;磷化液中加入分散剂可以解决纳米颗粒的团聚问题,可以在碳钢表面形成高硬度和高耐磨性的纳米Al2O3复合磷化膜.测试了9种不同分散剂对磷化液沉降值、磷化膜外观的影响,初步优选出3种分散剂:聚乙二醇20000,三乙醇胺,柠檬酸三铵,并配制了复合分散剂.采用SEM观察了优化分散剂对磷化膜微观形貌的影响,用TT260覆层测厚仪测试了膜厚,用电子能谱仪(EDS)分析了复合膜中铝元素的含量.结果表明:复合分散剂和柠檬酸三铵对磷化液中纳米Al2O3的分散效果比较好,阳离子型分散剂三乙醇胺对纳米Al2O3复合磷化膜有细密化的作用.     

低温水热法制备形貌可控纳米α-Fe2O3的研究

以FeCl3.6H2O、尿素为主要原料,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)或十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂,乙二醇为分散剂,采用低温水热法制备了不同形貌的α-Fe2O3,分析讨论了加入表面活性剂及乙二醇作为分散剂对产物形貌的影响,采用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)研究样品的热分解过程,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对样品成分、粒度、形貌等进行了表征分析。结果表明:表面活性剂和分散剂可以控制颗粒的形貌,加入不同的表面活性剂、分散剂及控制其用量可以得到形貌不同的纳米α-Fe2O3。     

聚丙烯/改性纳米二氧化钛复合材料的制备与性能

采用自制超分散剂对金红石型纳米二氧化钛进行表面处理,然后采用熔融共混的方法与聚丙烯(PP)进行共混制备纳米复合材料,研究了超分散剂用量及纳米二氧化钛用量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,超分散剂处理纳米二氧化钛的最佳用量为2%(质量分数);纳米二氧化钛填充PP的最佳用量为1.5%(质量分数);超分散剂对纳米二氧化钛具有明显的均匀分散效果;并且显著降低了复合材料的熔融黏度,改善加工性能;超分散剂处理的纳米二氧化钛填充PP具有明显的增强增韧作用。     

纳米Sb2O3增强聚丙烯基复合材料力学性能

通过球磨分散法和熔融共混法制得纳米Sb₂O₃/溴化环氧树脂-聚丙烯（BEO-PP）阻燃复合材料试样。采用XRD、DSC、拉伸和冲击性能测试,研究了纳米Sb₂O₃/BEO-PP阻燃复合材料的力学性能及其增强机制。研究结果表明：采用球磨法改性后的纳米Sb₂O₃颗粒在PP基体中的分散性和黏结性能得到明显改善;纳米Sb₂O₃颗粒的加入可改善PP基复合材料的强韧性;随着纳米Sb₂O₃质量分数的升高,纳米Sb₂O₃/BEO-PP复合材料的力学性能呈现出先升后降的趋势,PP基体的结晶度逐渐增高;当纳米Sb₂O₃颗粒添加量为2wt%时,纳米Sb₂O₃/BEO-PP复合材料表现出优异的综合性能。     

纳米SiO2改性环氧树脂及其复合材料性能研究

先采用机械搅拌和超声分散方式在环氧树脂中分散纳米SiO2微粒,通过扫描电镜表征断面的形貌来分析纳米SiO2分散效果,再采用力学性能测试,研究纳米SiO2对环氧树脂及其玻璃纤维增强复合材料性能的影响,结果表明,超声分散效果明显优于机械搅拌分散;纳米SiO2含量对分散效果、环氧树脂及其复合材料力学性能具有显著影响;采用超声分散的1%(质量分数)纳米SiO2改性环氧树脂浇铸体的弯曲强度比未改性的提高了21.2%,其玻璃纤维增强复合材料的弯曲和拉伸强度分别提高了9.7%和7.9%,但层间剪切强度则降低了10.6%。     

壳聚糖/Y2O3/聚丙烯无纺布复合膜的制备及其性能研究

采用戊二醛作为交联剂,采用溶液共混和表面延流法制备壳聚糖/Y2O3/聚丙烯无纺布复合膜。采用IR、DSC、SEM对复合膜进行表面结构表征;对复合膜的结合牢度以及复合膜对磷的吸附性能进行测试。结果表明:壳聚糖和Y2O3颗粒都比较均匀分散在复合膜的表面;处理后的复合膜吸热峰值没有明显变化;当壳聚糖固定时,复合膜的结合牢度随Y2O3用量的增加逐渐降低,当Y2O3用量固定时,复合膜的结合牢度随壳聚糖用量的增加逐渐增大。聚丙烯无纺布经过壳聚糖/Y2O3处理后,对磷具有一定吸附作用,吸附性能优于纯壳聚糖涂敷膜。     

化学还原法制备Fe3O4纳米颗粒及其性能研究

采用化学还原法制备得到了Fe3O4纳米颗粒,并用XRD对制备条件:分散剂种类、分散剂用量、煅烧温度、煅烧时间进行了研究。研究结果表明,当选用PEG(6000)做分散剂,PEG用量为50g/L,煅烧温度为700℃,煅烧时间为120min时,制备得到的Fe3O4纳米颗粒已经具有晶型完整的反尖晶石结构。将该样品做VSM分析,分析结果表明样品饱和磁化强度可达85A.m2/kg,并且矫顽力趋近于0,呈现出良好的顺磁性。     

基于膜分散技术连续制备纳米Fe3O4的研究

基于膜分散技术,以Fe2+、Fe3+的混合溶液和NaOH溶液为分散相,利用中空纤维膜将分散相均匀分散到水中并发生微混合反应,连续制备粒径均匀、球形度好的纳米Fe3O4颗粒。考察了铁混合溶液与NaOH溶液的流量以及表面活性剂油酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠对制备纳米Fe3O4的影响;同时,对纳米Fe3O4进行了XRD、IR、SEM表征。结果表明:控制铁混合溶液的平均流量为68mL/h,NaOH溶液的平均流量为132mL/h,制得的纳米Fe3O4平均产量为420g/(m2·h),平均粒径在10~20nm之间;通过添加分散剂可以有效减轻纳米Fe3O4的团聚,其中油酸钠的修饰效果优于十二烷基硫酸钠。     

纳米Al2O3的晶型对聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜性能的影响

将经偶联剂处理的纳米Al2O3粉体,借助超声波以一定方式均匀分散于聚酰胺酸溶液中,制备出Al2O3不同晶型、不同含量的PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对杂化薄膜微观形貌、聚集态结构、光透过率、热稳定性、电击穿场强进行研究,分析Al2O3晶型和含量对PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的结构和性能的影响.结果表明:PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的热稳定性,电击穿场强均高于纯PI薄膜,且随着纳米Al2O3含量的提高热稳定性也随之提高,电击穿场强先升高后降低;填充Al2O3粉体的晶型对PI薄膜分子链堆积密度有较大的影响,导致添加不同晶型Al2O3的杂化薄膜性能的差异.     

Effects of hydrolysis on dodecyl alcohol modified β-CaSiO3 particles and PDLLA/modified β-CaSiO3 composite films

In this research, β-CaSiO₃ particles were surface modified with dodecyl alcohol, and Poly-(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA)/modified β-CaSiO₃ composite films were fabricated with a homogenous dispersion of β-CaSiO₃ particles in the PDLLA matrix. The aim of the study was to investigate the properties of the composite films before and after hydrolytic treatment. SEM images showed retained homogenous dispersion of β-CaSiO₃ particles after hydrolysis and tensile test also showed maintained mechanical property. Simulated body fluid (SBF) incubation experiment suggested that hydrolytic treatment did not affect the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the composite films. The hydrophilicity of the composites was greatly recovered (from 69.82° to 50.28°) after hydrolysis. In addition, cells cultured on composite films after hydrolysis presented the highest cell proliferation rate and differentiation level. All of these results suggested that the surface modification of silicate particles with dodecyl alcohol along with reversible hydrolytic treatment was an effective and feasible approach to fabricate polymer/silicate composite materials with improved properties.     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of Al2O3/TiAl in situ composites doped with Cr2O3

Al₂O₃/TiAl composites were successfully fabricated from powder mixtures of Ti, Al, TiO₂ and Cr₂O₃ by a hot-press-assisted exothermic dispersion method. The effect of the Cr₂O₃ addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/TiAl composites was characterized, and the results showed that the Rockwell hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites increased as the Cr₂O₃ content increased. When the Cr₂O₃ content was 2.5 wt%, the flexural strength and the fracture toughness attained peak values of 925 MPa and 8.55 MPa m^1/2, respectively. This improvement of mechanical properties was due to the more homogeneous and finer microstructure developed from the addition of Cr₂O₃ and an increase in the ratio of α₂-Ti₃Al to γ-TiAl matrix phases.     

Luminescence enhancement of Y2O3:Eu and Y2SiO5:Ce,Tb core particles with SiO2 shells

This paper reports on the luminescence and microstructural features of oxide nano-crystalline (Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺) and submicron-sized (Y₂SiO₅:Ce³⁺,Tb³⁺) phosphor cores, produced by two different synthesis techniques, and subsequently coated by an inert shell of SiO₂ using a sol-gel process. The shells mitigate the detrimental effect of the phosphor particle surfaces on the photoluminescence emission properties, thereby increasing luminous output by 20-90%, depending on the core composition and shell thickness. For Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺, uniformly shaped, narrow particle size distribution core/shell particles were successfully fabricated. The photoluminescence emission intensity of core nanoparticles increased with increasing Eu³⁺ activator concentration and the luminescence emission intensity of the core/shell particles was 20-50% higher than that of the core particles alone. For Y₂SiO₅:Ce³⁺,Tb³⁺, the core/shell particles showed enhancement of the luminescence emission intensity of 35-90% that of the core particles, depending on the SiO₂ shell thickness.     

Effects of HNO3 treatment of TiO2 nanoparticles on the photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells

The effects of the nitric acid (HNO₃) treatment of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the photovoltaic properties of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were investigated. The HNO₃ treatment enhanced the dispersion of TiO₂ particles, increased the surface area and porosity of the sintered TiO₂ films, increased the relative proportion of the Ti³⁺ state in the Ti 2p X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum, significantly increased the amount of adsorbed dye molecules on the TiO₂ electrode, and reduced the charge-transfer resistance at the TiO₂/dye/electrolyte interface. The short circuit photocurrent density (I_sc) was increased due to the increased amount of adsorbed dye molecules and the reduced charge-transfer resistance. The HNO₃ pre-treatment of TiO₂ particles improved the overall conversion efficiency of the DSSC by about 14%.     

Al2O3颗粒形貌对注凝成型ZrO2/Al2O3陶瓷性能的影响

采用3种不同形貌的Al₂O₃原料对注凝成型制备ZrO₂/Al₂O₃（ZTA）陶瓷工艺中悬浮体的流变性能进行了研究。以低毒的单体N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺（DMAA）制备了ZrO₂/Al₂O₃坯体和陶瓷。讨论了3种不同形貌的Al₂O₃原浆料的分散剂用量、球磨时间和固含量对浆料流变性的影响。Al₂O₃粉体呈扁平状有利于降低浆料的黏度,Al₂O₃粉体呈棒状对生坯强度的提高有利。制得的3种ZrO₂/Al₂O₃坯体颗粒间结合紧密,抗弯强度分别达到21.45,19.87,25.90 MPa。Al₂O₃粉体呈颗粒状有利于最终陶瓷力学性能的提高,陶瓷的抗弯强度及断裂韧性分别为680 MPa和7.49 MPa·m^1/2,453.1 MPa和6.8 MPa·m^1/2,549.4 MPa和6.34 MPa·m^1/2。     

Dispersion of Fe3O4 suspensions using sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate as dispersant

Dispersion of Fe₃O₄-water suspension is enhanced with appropriate decision of solution pH and the amount of dispersant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate. Active adsorption of dispersant onto Fe₃O₄ takes place only at pH levels below the isoelectric point. The median diameter is reduced with an increase in the adsorption amount of dispersant at first, and then it increases remarkably with higher adsorption. Change in Fe₃O₄ particle size according to the adsorption amount of dispersant is explained on the basis of contact angle measurements which relate to hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of Fe₃O₄ particles.     

超声协同微球型Bi2O2CO3降解罗丹明B的研究

Bi_2O_2CO_3是一种Bi类半导体催化剂,文章研究了它的超声催化性能。首先,采用水热法制备了微球型的Bi_2O_2CO_3,利用X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction, XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌、光学特性进行了表征。然后,以罗丹明B(Rh B)作为模型污染物,通过研究超声催化降解罗丹明B来评测Bi_2O_2CO_3的超声催化性能。研究了催化剂的浓度(Ccatalytic)、初始罗丹明B染料的浓度(CRhB)和超声功率(P)等实验因素对超声催化降解效率的影响。得出在Ccatalytic=3 g·L-1,CRhB=10 mg·L-1和P=400 W条件下降解罗丹明B的效率最高,其最高降解效率可以达到91.7%。     

Effect of Al2O3 particle size on vacuum breakdown behavior of Al2O3/Cu composite

In order to clarify the effect of Al₂O₃ particle size on the arc erosion behavior of the ceramic-reinforced Al₂O₃/Cu composite, Al₂O₃/Cu composites with different sizes of Al₂O₃ particles were prepared by powder metallurgy, the effect of Al₂O₃ particle size on the characteristics of arc motion was studied, and the mechanism of arc erosion of Al₂O₃/Cu composites was discussed as well. The results show that with decrease in the size of Al₂O₃ particles, the erosion area increases significantly and the erosion pits become shallower. The vacuum breakdown is preferred to appear in the area between Al₂O₃ particle and the copper matrix. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analysis, a particle partition arc model is proposed.     

Structure and properties of dispersion-strengthened CrMgO,CrY2O3, CrY and CrCu condensates

Two-phase condensates of chromium with a dispersed phase of MgO, Y₂O₃, yttrium or copper were prepared by condensation from a vapor phase. A study of their structure, microhardness and mechanical properties as a function of the dispersant indicated the presence of a minimum in the hardness and of a maximum in the mechanical properties such as the tensile strength and the ductility at a critical concentration of the dispersant. At this concentration the average crystallite size of the matrix was equal to the mean free path between the dispersed particles. The yttrium- and yttria-containing condensates exhibited a better resistance to oxidation than that of pure chromium.     

锡掺杂的氧化铟纳米粉体的表面修饰与改性

为了提高锡掺杂的氧化铟纳米粉体在有机单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)中的分散效果,采用球磨、辅助超声等方法,选用PEG4000、KH570、油酸和十八醇等作为分散剂,对纳米粉体进行表面修饰和改性.研究了分散剂种类、添加量及球磨时间对纳米粉体分散稳定性的影响.找出了在MMA单体中分散最好的纳米粉体改性工艺条件:以乙二醇为分散介质、锡掺杂氧化铟纳米粉体摩尔分数为0.1%的KH570和0.016%的一缩二乙二醇为分散剂,球磨10 h,辅助超声30 min,红外干燥.采用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)等对其结构和包裹性能进行了表征,结果显示粉体粒径约为50 nm,表面被无定形分散剂所包裹,颗粒之间无明显团聚现象,分散性好.