690合金腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展研究

基于DCPD方法测量了690合金在室温空气、325℃空气和325℃除氧超纯水中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率。试验结果采用Priddle模型进行拟合分析,得到690合金在3种条件下疲劳裂纹扩展的门槛应力强度因子幅值ΔK_(th)和失稳断裂应力强度因子Kc。结果表明,高温水环境下,疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展加快,这可以用滑移-溶解机理解释;高温下,材料强度下降,ΔK_(th)和Kc也下降,高温加速了材料的疲劳断裂。SEM断口形貌表明,空气中的疲劳断口观察到明显的滑移台阶,疲劳破坏形式为穿晶断裂;高温水下的疲劳断口则同时出现穿晶和沿晶开裂,为混合型断口特征。     

TiN夹杂物对690合金管在高温高压水中的腐蚀和应力腐蚀行为的影响

利用TEM和SEM观察了690合金管中TiN夹杂物的存在形式及其分布状态,通过高温高压电化学实验和应力腐蚀浸泡实验研究了690合金管在高温高压水溶液中的腐蚀和应力腐蚀行为.TiN是690合金管中一种主要的夹杂物,随机分布在奥氏体基体中.模拟压水堆核电站一回路水化学条件的高温高压电化学实验及能谱测试表明,点蚀优先发生在690合金管中含Ti夹杂物处.高温高压含Pb碱溶液中的应力腐蚀浸泡实验显示,690合金管表面的TiN和基体结合处的基体侧是优先发生腐蚀的位置,分布在晶界上的TiN和基体结合处发生腐蚀后容易导致局部应力集中,从而诱发沿晶应力腐蚀开裂.     

反应堆冷却剂环境对690合金传热管疲劳性能影响研究

针对核电站蒸汽发生器690合金传热管,通过在室温空气、高温空气以及模拟压水堆高温高压水环境下的疲劳性能测试,研究了环境介质对690合金传热管疲劳寿命的影响,并考察了溶解氧和应变速率等的影响规律,探讨了高温高压水环境下690合金传热管的腐蚀疲劳机理。结果表明,690合金传热管具有足够的疲劳设计安全裕度,且压水堆冷却剂环境对690合金传热管的疲劳寿命影响不明显;溶解氧和应变速率对690合金传热管的腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响也不敏感。推测690合金传热管在高温高压水中的腐蚀疲劳过程主要由膜破裂滑移/溶解机制控制。     

夹杂物对超高强度钢低周疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展影响的原位观测

采用扫描电镜原位观测了数微米大小夹杂物对超高强度钢疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展的影响,并用有限元法解释了夹杂物尺寸和形状对疲劳裂纹萌生及初期扩展的影响程度,得到了超高强度钢低周疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展特性和夹杂物对疲劳破坏的关键尺寸的估计值．同时,讨论了现行实验方法对确定铁基材料裂纹扩展速率的作用．     

一种Al-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

研究热处理状态、应力比和试样取向等对含Zr的Al-Cu-Mg系铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响.结果表明,T3、T4两种热处理状态试样的疲劳裂纹扩展速率没有明显差别;L-T方向和T-L方向的试样也有大致相同的疲劳裂纹扩展速率;应力比R对疲劳裂纹扩展行为有明显影响,高应力比下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率明显快于低应力比条件下的扩展速率,并且高应力比下的疲劳裂纹扩展在较小的△K值下进入快速扩展阶段,并很快断裂.在较低的△K水平下应力比的影响与裂纹闭合效应有关.     

塑性区对Inconel 690合金腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

通过在室温空气及325 ℃饱和氧高纯水中进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究单向塑性区长度rp对Inconel 690合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响。结果表明,同一频率下,随着rp的增加,裂纹扩展速率CGR加快,但环境影响因子Fen未发生明显变化;裂纹为穿晶型扩展,扩展过程中伴随着少量分支,载荷的变化对支裂纹数量没有明显的影响;断口为典型的腐蚀疲劳特征,裂纹扩展形成韧性断裂特征的山脊区和脆性疲劳断裂的疲劳平台。     

镍基粉末高温合金中夹杂物的微观力学行为研究

采用扫描电镜原位拉伸和原位疲劳实验,直接跟踪观察人工植入夹杂(Al2O3)的粉末高温合金(P/MRene95)中夹杂物的微观力学行为(特别是裂纹的萌生、扩展以致断裂的过程）。同时，采用ANSYS有限元分析软件，建立含夹杂物的P／MRene95合金的有限元分析模型，计算在受力状态下夹杂物及其周围基体的应力应变场分布，进而从宏观动力学角度分析夹杂物的微观力学行为。     

TC4ELI合金疲劳裂纹尖端塑性区对裂纹扩展的影响

研究了TC4ELI合金片层组织与短棒α组织中的疲劳裂纹尖端塑性区及裂纹扩展行为.首先通过SEM及TEM观察比较两种显微组织下的疲劳裂纹尖端塑性区,讨论两种显微组织中裂纹尖端塑性区对疲劳裂纹扩展路径及扩展断口的影响,分析裂纹扩展路径和裂纹尖端塑性区对裂纹闭合及裂纹扩展速率的影响.结果表明:与短棒α组织相比,片层组织中具有较大的裂纹尖端塑性区及曲折的裂纹扩展路径,并最终从疲劳裂纹闭合的角度,解释了片层组织具有较低的疲劳裂纹扩展速率的原因.     

TiAl合金高温疲劳小裂纹与长裂纹扩展行为

采用原位观察疲劳试验方法研究了变形TiAl合金在650℃下的三维小裂纹扩展行为,利用传统疲劳裂纹扩展试验方法研究了该合金在650～800℃温度范围内的长裂纹扩展行为。结果显示,650℃下,变形TiAl合金的三维小裂纹在低于长裂纹扩展门槛值的区域依然能够扩展,并且扩展速率高于长裂纹;位于试样棱边的横向机械加工刻痕是合金三维小裂纹萌生的主要位置之一,小裂纹在扩展过程中发生偏折并在偏折处合并,合金的疲劳寿命对试样表面的不规则条状加工缺陷不敏感;在650～800℃温度范围内,合金的疲劳长裂纹稳态扩展速率对温度变化不敏感,裂纹扩展过程均显示为解理断裂,裂纹扩展门槛值受韧/脆转变温度影响,韧/脆转变温度以下温度的门槛值较低。     

S690高强钢腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为拘束效应

S690高强钢由于其良好的综合力学性能广泛用于海洋平台中. 海洋平台结构易产生腐蚀疲劳失效,海水腐蚀、循环载荷和结构本身的拘束水平对裂纹扩展有重要的影响. 通过空气中和海水环境中的S690高强钢疲劳裂纹扩展试验,结合显微断口分析,研究了拘束水平对S690高强钢腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响. 结果表明,在阳极溶解和氢致开裂的共同作用下,海水环境对S690高强钢疲劳裂纹扩展具有明显的加速作用. 同时随着裂纹的不断扩展,拘束水平对S690高强钢腐蚀疲劳裂纹的影响不断增加,且裂纹扩展速率与裂纹扩展前后的拘束水平增量和结构本身的拘束水平均密切相关.     

焊接热影响区晶粒尺寸对腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展机理的影响

利用焊接热模拟技术，研究了焊接热影响区粗晶区内不同晶粒尺寸对腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的影响，得出了在模拟海水条件下，Ａ５３７钢热影响区组织的ｄａ／ｄＮ－△Ｋ关系曲线，认为断口粗糙度对裂纹扩展速率有很大影响，同时发现在自腐蚀电位条件下，对应力腐蚀不敏感的材料，也会产生应力腐蚀疲劳。     

残余压应力场中疲劳短裂纹扩展模型及实验

结合实验讨论了残余应力对裂纹扩展作用的模型及其存在的问题。指出用公式△Ｋｅｆｆ＝（Ｋｍａｘ＋λＫｒ）－Ｋｏｐ中较准确地计算出残余压应力场中裂纹的扩展速率。残余压应力既使裂纹闭合力提高，又使最大应力强度因子降低，两者均使裂纹扩展驱动力△Ｋｅｆｆ减少，因而降低了裂纹的扩展速率。     

CREEP CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY 718 DURING HIGH TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE

Alloy 718 is a precipitation strengthened nickel-hased superalloy based on the precipitation of γ’’-Ni3Vb(DO22 structure) and γ‘-Ni3(Al, Ti) (Ll2 structure) phases. Creep crack growth rate (CCGR) was investigated after high temperature exposure at 593, 650 and 677℃ for 2000h in Alloy 718. In addition to the coalescence of γ‘/γ‘‘ and the amount increasing of 6 phase, the existence of a bcc chromium enriched α-Cr phase was observed by SEM, and the weight fraction of α-Cr and other phases were determined by chemical phase analysis methods. The CCGR behavior and regulation have been analyzed by means of strength and structure analysis approaches. The experimental results show higher the exposure temperature and longer the exposure time, lower the CCGR. This is probably attributed to the interaction of material softening and brittling due to complex structure changes during high temperature exposure. Therefore,despite α-Cr phase formation and amount enhancement were run in this test range. It seems to us a small amount of α-Cr will be not harmful for creep crack propagation resistance, which is critical for disk application in aircraft and land-based gas turbine.     

30CrMnSiNi2A高强钢的疲劳小裂纹扩展特性及寿命预测

研究了３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ高强钢在恒幅载荷下的小裂纹起始特征和裂纹扩展特性。试验结果表明，小裂纹起始于缺口表面初始缺陷（如夹杂或孔洞）处。在应力比Ｒ＝０的恒幅载荷下，未显示小裂纹效应：在Ｒ＝－１的恒幅载荷下，则显示出小裂纹效应的存在。利用裂纹闭合模型和微观结构缺陷作为初始裂纹尺寸的方法预测了小裂纹扩展速率和疲劳全寿命，预测值与实验值符合良好。     

Fatigue crack growth behavior of heat affected zone in P92 steel weldment

In this study, the effect of microstructure on fatigue crack growth behavior of HAZ was investigated using newly developed P92 steel weldment. Fatigue crack growth rates of the fusion line and fusion line+2 mm in HAZ were found to be faster than that of welds or base metal, while fatigue crack growth rate of the fusion line+1 mm was the slowest. The fracture appearance of the fusion line and fusion line+2 mm revealed mainly transgranular, cleavage-like faceted fracture surfaces and the fusion line+1 mm showed quasi-cleavage fractures with scattered dimples, which increased resistance to fatigue crack growth.     

A NOVEL PARAMETER FOR EVALUATING THE FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE IN CARBON STEELS

1. Introduction Estimation of the fatigue life of a component under cyclic loading is of great interest in the modern engineering design against plastic deformation or conventional fracture. The fatigue process of materials may be approximately divided into two stages, i.e. the fatigue crack initiation and its propagation. The latter is more significant in service, because most of the fatigue life of many engineering components is spent on the crack growth, especially the small crack growth. …     

Fatigue crack retardation by silicon carbide powder paste infiltration under different cyclic stress conditions*

Fatigue crack retardation with infiltrated SiC paste into a crack is examined in low carbon structural steel. Two different sizes of SiC powders, whose average diameters are 15 and 53 μm, are used. The SiC powder mixed with oil is infiltrated into a through thickness fatigue crack from the crack mouth. Fatigue crack growth retardation is examined by the ΔK increasing test of R = 0.1, comparing with the base plate property, where ΔK is stress intensity factor range and R is stress ratio. Crack growth is retarded just after infiltrating SiC paste into the crack mouth, and the deceleration of crack growth rate to 1/50 of the base plate appears in the maximum. It is revealed that this crack retardation behaviour results from the crack closure induced by the wedge effect of the SiC particle into a crack. The crack retardation effect is investigated with several combinations of SiC particle size and cyclic stress conditions. The crack growth rate, da/dn and stress intensity factor, K_cl for the crack closure depend on both the maximum stress intensity factor, K_max, and the stress ratio, R. While the better retardation effect can appear in the higher K_max and the higher R ratio, it disappears in the R ratio over 0.7. The SiC paste with 15 μm powder brings the crack retardation effect in the wider cyclic stress condition more stable than in the SiC paste with 53 μm powder.