Conduction in nanostructured La1?x Sr x FeO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)

We investigated electrical properties of nanostructured La_1?x Sr _x FeO₃ (0 ?? x ?? 1) from 300 K?C400 K. The nanostructured La_1?x Sr _x FeO₃ (0 ?? x ?? 1) was synthesized by citrate gel method requiring no pH control. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that single phase LaFeO₃ with an orthorhombic structure was formed. The structure changed into rhombohedral for x = 0.5 and it became cubic for x = 1.0. For x ?? 0.5, our material showed non-linear current-voltage characteristics and for x > 0.5 it showed linear current-voltage characteristics. Poole Frenkel type conduction mechanism was found to be operative in LaFeO₃ from 300 K?C400 K. The experimental values of field-lowering coefficient were by 2.56?C6.41 times higher than the predicted value and were attributed to the presence of localized fields. The increase in conductance with Sr content was due to formation of Fe⁴⁺ ions in addition to Fe³⁺ with the increase in Sr content. Impedance spectroscopy and ac conductivity analysis of La_1?x Sr _x FeO₃ (0 ?? x ?? 1) was also carried out in the temperature range from 300 K?C400 K and frequency was varied from 20 Hz - 2 MHz. The ac conduction followed the correlated barrier hopping model in La_0.9Sr_0.1FeO₃.     

Appearance and Disappearance of Superconductivity with?Fe?Site?Co?Substitution in SmFe1?x Co x AsO (x=0.0 to 1.0)

We report synthesis, structural details, and magnetization of SmFe_1?x Co _x AsO with?x ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 at a close interval of 0.10. It is found that Co substitutes fully at the Fe site in SmFeAsO in an iso-structural lattice with a slightly compressed cell. The parent compound exhibited known spin density wave (SDW) character below 150?K. Successive doping of Co at the Fe site suppressed the SDW transition for x=0.05, and later induced superconductivity for x=0.10, 0.15, and 0.20, respectively, at 14, 15.5, and 9?K. The appearance of bulk superconductivity is established by wide open isothermal magnetization M(H) loops. For higher content of Co, i.e. x??0.30, superconductivity is not observed. Clearly, the Co substitution at the Fe site in SmFe_1?x Co _x AsO diminishes the Fe SDW character (x=0.05), introduces bulk superconductivity for?x from 0.10 to 0.20, and finally becomes a non-superconductor. The SmCoAsO also exhibits a secondary AFM-like transition below or around 50?K. The reported AFM ordering of Sm spins is seen from heat capacity C _p(T) at 4.5?K and the same remains invariant with Co doping in SmFe_1?x Co _x AsO. Further, the FM ordering of Co-spins (seen in magnetization measurements) is not evident in C _p(T) studies, suggesting weak correlations between ordered Co-spins in these systems.     

Structural and Magnetic Studies of Ca2?x Sm x MnO Compounds (x=0–0.4)

The Ca_2?x Sm _x MnO₄ (x=0?C0.4) compounds were synthesized by a solid?Csolid method and characterized by XRD at room temperature. The XRD profiles were indexed with a tetragonal structure (I/4mmm space group) for x??0.3 and orthorhombic one (Pnma space group) for x=0.4. The magnetic measurements were studied as a function of temperature (T=2?C300?K) and applied field (?? ₀ H=0?C10?T). When the temperature decreases, each compound has shown first a ferromagnetic?Cparamagnetic (FM?CPM) transition and then an antiferromagnetic?Cferromagnetic (AFM?CFM) one. The transition temperatures are found to be Sm-doping dependent. For all compounds, a spin-glass phenomenon is evidenced by FC/ZFC magnetization curves.     

In_(1—x)Ga_xAs(x～0.47)纯度液相外延

探讨了利用In在真空中予焙烧、生长溶液在乾H_2中焙烧技术以及利用逐次降低生长起始温度的液相外延(LPE)技术生长高纯度的In_(1-X)Ga_XAs(x～0.47)外延片的方法.比较好的电学结果如下:载流子浓度比没经任何焙烧处理低2.5—3个数量级,最好结果为5×10~(15)/cm~3,相应的室温迁移率为8500cm~2/V·S。     

Synthesis and electrical properties of (BaTiO3)1 ?x (K0.5Bi0.5TiO3) x solid solutions

(BaTiO₃)_{1 ? x} (K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃) _x solid solutions exhibiting positive temperature coefficient of resistance behavior have been prepared using BaTiO₃ presynthesized through oxalate coprecipitation. The peak in their dielectric permittivity has been shown to shift to higher temperatures (above 120°C) with increasing x. We have examined the effect of K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ content on the microstructure of the (BaTiO₃)_{1 ? x} (K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃) _x solid solutions. The results demonstrate that, with increasing x, both the minimum and maximum resistivities of the materials in the temperature range of their positive temperature coefficient of resistance behavior increase. The materials prepared using barium titanate presynthesized by the oxalate route have higher Curie temperatures and temperatures where they exhibit positive temperature coefficient of resistance behavior and lower minimum resistivities than do the materials prepared by solid-state reactions.     

Effect of Te Substitution on (Tl0.5Pb0.5)Sr2(Ca1?x Te x )Cu2O7 (x=0.0 to 0.5) Superconductor

The (Tl_0.5Pb_0.5)Sr₂(Ca_1?x Te _x )Cu₂O_7??? (Tl-1212) superconductor for x=0.0 to 0.5 has been prepared and studied by a powder X-ray diffraction method, electrical resistance and AC susceptibility measurements. Most of the samples showed Tl-1212 as the major phase and Tl-1201 as the minor phases. Small amounts of Te substitution (x??0.3) maintained the formation of the Tl-1212 phase but larger amounts led to the formation of 1201 and an unknown impurity phase. The resistance versus temperature curve showed metallic behavior for all samples. The resistance versus temperature curves showed onset transition temperature ( $T_{\mathrm{c\ onset}}$ ) between 92 and 97 K. Our results indicated the combined effects of Te substitution, heating temperature and heating time on the formation and optimization of the (Tl_0.5Pb_0.5)Sr₂(Ca_1?x Te _x )Cu₂O₇ superconductor.     

Electrical properties of n-Cd1 ? x Co x GeAs2 (x = 0.05–0.15) at high pressures

The resistivity (??) and Hall coefficient (R _H) of n-Cd_{1 ? x} Co _x GeAs₂ with x = 0.05?C0.15 were measured as functions of temperature (at atmospheric pressure) and pressure (up to p = 7 GPa). The temperature-dependent ?? data were used to determine the ionization energy of a cobalt-related impurity center. In the ??(p) and R _H(p) curves, we identified structural semiconductor-semiconductor phase transitions under both increasing and decreasing pressure. Using a mixed-phase structure-effective medium model, we assessed the dynamics of the variation of phase composition with pressure.     

New Perspectives for Cuprate Research: (Ca x La1?x )(Ba1.75?x La0.25+x )Cu3O y Single Crystals

We report the successful growth of a large (Ca _x La_1?x )(Ba_1.75?x La_0.25+x )Cu₃O _y (CLBLCO) single crystal. In this material, x controls the maximum of T _c ( $T_{c}^{\max }$ ), with minimal structural changes. Therefore, it allows a search for correlations between material properties and $T_{c}^{\max }$ . We demonstrate that the crystals are good enough for neutron scattering and cleave well enough for Raman scattering. These results open new possibilities for cuprate research.     

Carbon monoxide oxidation on (Mg6−x Al x )MnO8 (0⩽x⩽0.6)

Murdochite-type (Mg_6–x Al _x )MnO_m8 (0x0.6) was synthesized at low temperature (700 °C) with the sol-gel process. The specific surface area, crystallite size, catalytic activity for the CO oxidation, and adsorption isotherms of oxygen on (Mg_6–x Al _x )MnO₈ were measured. The increase of the specific surface area with increasing Al³⁺ ion content was explained by the decrease of the particle size. The catalytic activity increased with increasing Al³⁺ ion content, and this increase was caused by the valence deviation from the Mn⁴⁺ ion to the Mn^3.5+ ion.     

Effective Electron Correlation and Spin Density Fluctuation in Iron-Based Fluorides SrFe1?x Co x AsF (x=0,0.125)

Using first-principles calculation, we study effective electron correlation and spin density fluctuation in iron-based fluorides SrFe_1?x Co _x AsF (x=0, 0.125). We obtain the observed magnetic moment of Fe atom with a strongly attractive electron correction. Whereas, different from the parent compound, the density of state of superconducting SrFe_1?x Co _x AsF (x=0.125) near to the Fermi energy is reduced for both signs of effective electron correlation, and suggests strong instability there. In addition, spin density fluctuation resulted from the effective correlation exists in Co-doped compound, may propagate in the form of collective excitation and manifest as spin fluctuation with specific q-vector in momentum space.     

Magnetic Properties of Ru-rich Ru2?x Fe x CrZ (Z=Si, Ge)

The properties of Heusler compounds Ru_2?x Fe _x CrGe are investigated and compared with those of Ru_1.9Fe_0.1CrSi. Ru₂CrGe is confirmed to exhibit an antiferromagnetic transition with Ne??l temperature 13?K by magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements. When Fe is substituted for Ru, a peak in the magnetic susceptibility is observed, and in the lower temperature region irreversibility between temperature dependences of magnetization for zero-field-cooling and field-cooling conditions is found. Nevertheless, in specific heat of Ru_1.9Fe_0.1CrGe, there is no anomaly to indicate phase transition. The specific heat is almost identical to that for Ru_1.9Fe_0.1CrSi. The above results demonstrate that the magnetic states in the low temperature region of Fe-substituted samples are spin-glass-like states. Slight substitution of Fe for Ru destroys the long-range-order and lead to peculiar spin-glass-like states.     

Electrical properties of (Ni1−x )Li x )O (x=0.1 and 0.2) under various relative humidities

Rocksalt-type (Ni_1–x Li _x )O (x=0.1 and 0.2) was synthesized at 1350° C in air and its electrical resistivity (R) was measured under various relative humidities (H). R increases with increasing H in the range 0H79%, reaches a maximum value, then decreases in the range 79%<H100%. The increase in R is explained by an electron boundary layer model. On the other hand, the decrease in R is explained by ionic conductivity.     

Microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Sn x Zn(1−x)/3Nb(1−x)2/3)O3 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.32) ceramics

The dielectric properties of the (1–x)Ba(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–xBaSnO₃ (0 x 0.32) composition at microwave frequencies were investigated in this study. With the addition of BaSnO₃, the dielectric Q(Q _d) value of Ba(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ (BZN) can be improved and a small temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (_f) can be achieved. When 22.6 mol % of Sn is added to BZN, the characteristics of the Ba(Sn_0.226Zn_0.258Nb_0.516)O₃ ceramics sintered at 1500°C are as follows: dielectric constant _r = 32, _f = + 12 p.p.m.°C¹ and high Q _d value of 9700 at 10 GHz. Based on the classical dispersion theory and the logarithmic mixing rule, the effects with additions of substitutional element of BaSnO₃ on the microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ can be mostly explained.     

Electrical properties of hexagonal BaTi1?x Fe x O3?δ (x?=?0.1, 0.2, 0.3) ceramics with NTC effect

BaTi_1?x Fe _x O_3?δ (x?=?0.1, 0.2, 0.3) powders were prepared by a wet chemical process polymerized with polyvinyl alcohol, and the related ceramics were obtained by conventional sintering process. The phase component and electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated. The analysis of X-ray diffraction indicates that the BaTi_1?x Fe _x O_3?δ ceramics have a hexagonal crystalline structure. The temperature dependence of resistivity of the ceramics show a characteristic of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) of resistivity with the material constants of around 5,000?K. The impedance analysis reveals that both the grain effect and grain-boundary effect contribute simultaneously to the NTC effect. The conduction mechanisms for the NTC characteristic are proposed to be the electron-hopping model between Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ ions inside grains and the charge carrier transports overcoming the energy barrier of the grain boundary by thermal activation.     

Oxygen ion conductivity of (Yb0.9 ? x Tb x Ca0.1)2Ti2O7 ? δ solid solutions

We have studied terbium substitution for ytterbium in (Yb_{0.9 ? x} Tb _x Ca_0.1)₂Ti₂O_{7 ? ??} (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) pyrochlore solid solutions synthesized through coprecipitation followed by firing at 1550°C. The results indicate that only a small amount of terbium (less than 10%) can be incorporated into the pyrochlore structure of (Yb_0.9Ca_0.1)₂Ti₂O_6.9 because of the large difference in ionic radius between the terbium and ytterbium cations: ??r = r(Tb _{CN 8} ³⁺ ) ? r(Yb _{CN 8} ³⁺ ) = 0.055 ?. The oxygen ion conductivity of the (Yb_{0.9 ? x} Tb _x Ca_0.1)₂Ti₂O_{7 ? ??} solid solutions has been determined by impedance spectroscopy in air in the temperature range 300 to 900°C. At high temperatures (t > 640°C), their bulk conductivity was essentially independent of the Yb/Tb ratio. The observed decrease in density and microstructural changes were insignificant. At relatively low temperatures (t < 640°C), the bulk conductivity decreased slightly, and the decrease depended little on terbium concentration.     

Magnetic and Charge-Ordering Properties of Bi0.2?x Pr x Ca0.8MnO3 (0.0=x=0.20) Perovskite Manganite

We have studied structure, magnetic and transport properties of polycrystalline samples synthesized with nominal compositions Bi_0.2?x Pr _x Ca_0.8MnO₃ (x=0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.20) via a solid-state reaction route. Magnetic measurements show that substitution of Pr at Bi site strongly affect the magnetic and charge-ordering properties. It has been found that the charge-ordering temperature (T _CO) decreases with increasing x up to x=0.12 and then after it increases with x up to x=0.20. A spin glass (SG) state has been observed at ??105 K in all the samples. Pr doping also leads to enhancement in the magnetic moment up to x=0.12 and then after a decrease in magnetic moment up to x=0.20. A concomitant increase in resistivity up to x=0.04 and then decrease in resistivity up to x=0.20 is also observed. We propose that the local lattice distortion induced by the size mismatch between the A-site cations and 6s² character of Bi³⁺ lone pair electron are responsible for the observed variation in the physical properties with doping content of Pr.     

Growth of perfect-crystal Si-Si1−x Gex-(Ge2)1−x (InP)x structures from the liquid phase

Structures comprising Si-Si_1−x Ge_x-(Ge₂)_1−x (InP)_x with an intermediate Si_1−x Ge_x buffer layer were grown on silicon substrates. Morphological examinations, scanning patterns and diffraction spectra, and also the electrophysical and luminescence properties of the heterostructures were used to show that the crystal perfection of these structures depends on the choice of liquid-phase epitaxy conditions. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 25, 37–40 (December 26, 1999)     

Thermal Diffusivity of La1−x Sr x MnO3 (x < 0.3)

Perovskite manganites are interesting because of their colossal magnetoresistance. In this work high resolution thermal diffusivity measurements of La_1–x Sr _x MnO₃ (0 x 0.3) single crystals in the temperature range from 250 to 400 K are presented. A photopyroelectric device in the standard back configuration has been used. The thermal diffusivity through second-order magnetic phase transitions, as well as through first- and second-order structural phase transitions has been measured. The critical parameters of the sample with x = 0.3 at the ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition have been obtained, and are close to the values predicted by the Ising model.     

双钙钛矿型氧化物(Sr_(2-3x)La_(2x)Ca_x)FeMoO_6的电输运性质

分别用固相烧结法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了A位双掺杂的双钙钛矿型氧化物(Sr2-3xLa2xCax)Fe-MoO6。XRD显示所有样品均为多晶单相,随掺杂量增加,样品空间群在x=0.2处转变,由I4/m群转变为Fm3-m群。四探针法对电输运性质的表征表明,样品电阻率随反位缺陷程度的加剧而增加,随平均晶粒尺寸的增大而减小,定量掺杂以限制化合物相结构、完善制备工艺以优化晶界条件,能有效控制材料的电导性质。     

Grain growth in (Ca1−x,Mg x )Zr4(PO4)6 ceramics

Grain growth in (Ca_1–x ,Mg _x )Zr₄(PO₄)₆ (CMZP) ceramics in the final stage of sintering has been investigated. The grain growth in CMZP ceramics obeys the isothermal grain-growth kinetics with time exponent,n, lying between 1.8 and 2.4 which depends on magnesium content, indicative of a change in grain-growth rate. The time exponent for the grain growth of CMZP can be taken as 2.0 which implies that a normal grain growth develops in the CMZP ceramics. The apparent activation energy for grain growth demonstrates a maximum atx = 0.0 and a minimum atx = 0.1, with 103.2 and 39.4 kcal mol^–1, respectively, indicating that a small amount of magnesium promotes grain-boundary migration. The critical grain size for initiating microcracks in the CMZP increases with increasing magnesium and reaches 9–12 m whenx = 0.4.