稀土一维纳米材料制备方法研究

稀土一维纳米材料因其独特的结构和性能,得到了广泛的关注和研究。阐述了稀土掺杂一维纳米材料的制备方法,其中包括模板制备法、液相制备法、微乳液法、溶胶一凝胶法等,并比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

微乳液法制备PbF_2准一维纳米材料

采用辛基酚聚氧乙烯（10）醚（OP-10）/正丁醇/正辛烷/水反相微乳液体系,制备了PbF2准一维纳米材料。研究了微乳液体系中水与表面活性剂的摩尔比对准一维PbF2尺寸和形貌的影响。用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪表征样品的形貌和结构。结果表明：所得PbF2直径约200～800nm、长约1～6μm。     

微乳液法制备纳米材料的研究进展

微乳液法制备纳米材料可以控制纳米粒子的大小和形状。本文综述了影响纳米粒子的主要因素和微乳液法制备纳米材料的最新研究进展。     

微乳液及其应用于智能微反应器的研究进展

反相胶束微乳液也称智能微反应器。微乳液法是制备纳米材料的主要方法，在精细化工中有着重要的意义，近年来得到了很大的发展和完善。本文系统地阐述了微乳液的形成机理，介绍了W／O型微乳液相关理论：Schulman的界面膜理论、BSO经验规律、可预测W／O型的数量结构关系模型、增溶效应、拟三元相图，讨论了微乳液作为智能微反应器的机理、特点和在纳米材料领域的应用，并对微乳液法制备纳米材料的发展方向和前景进行了展望。     

微乳液法制备纳米颗粒及其在陶瓷材料中的应用

与传统的纳米材料制备方法相比, 微乳液法具有明显的优势.全面地讨论了微乳液中纳米微粒的形成机理和影响因素, 微乳液法的特点及其在陶瓷材料制备中的应用.     

以反相微乳液介质调控微/纳米SiO2的尺寸和形貌

简单介绍了微/纳米SiO2的优点和应用;阐述了反相微乳液中制备SiO2的反应原理和具体过程;结合近年来国内外文献综述了改变微乳液的参数对SiO2粒子的尺寸及形貌等的调控措施,并对反相微乳液法制备纳米材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

基于场发射应用的钛酸钡一维纳米材料的生长形貌研究

钛酸钡是新发现的场发射材料.为了开发适用于曲面显示和折叠屏显示器件的新型柔性场发射材料,建立钛酸钡一维纳米材料基本研究体系,通过调节水热法的工艺参数制备了一维钛酸钡纳米材料,进一步采用溶胶-凝胶和水热两步法制备了以柔性碳布为衬底的一维钛酸钡纳米材料,研究纳米棒的生长演化规律,筛选工艺指标,以期达到优化场发射性能的目的.     

微乳液技术在纳米粒子制备中的应用

由于对控制微粒尺寸具有独特的优势 ,微乳液方法制备纳米材料正在引起人们的极大兴趣。介绍了微乳液方法及其微反应器的形成和结构 ,讨论了影响微乳液法制备纳米粒子形态和大小等方面的因素及应用研究进展。     

中空纳米球的制备和应用

近年来,各种具有特殊结构和形貌的纳米材料引起了广泛的关注,特别是中空纳米球的应用,本文详细综述了各种中空纳米球的制备方法,如:模板法,微乳液法,界面自组装法,模板-界面反应法,超声波法,水热溶剂热反应法,γ射线辐照法,喷雾反应法等,同时讲述了中空纳米球的研究应用和发展趋势。     

金属氧化物纳米材料的制备新进展

综述了近5年来金属氧化物纳米材料的制备方法，研究现状；讨论了这些方法的优缺点，指出液相法尤其是溶胶－凝胶法，沉淀法，水解法，微乳液法，水热溶剂热法等是目前制备纳米金属氧化物材料最广泛应用的方法，而超声技术，微波辐射技术，交流电沉积技术，超临界流体干燥技术，非水溶剂水热技术等新技术与传统液相法的有机结合，是制备高纯度，小粒径，均匀分散的金属氧化物纳米粉体的最有前途的方法。最后对金属氧化物纳米材料研究的发展方向提出了展望。     

Phase Evolution in Synthesis of Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles

Physico-chemical equilibria that influence oxide powders' precipitation from an aqueous solution can be substantially altered when the process is carried out in a microemulsion system. To obtain nanosized MnFe₂O₄ and gain information about the physico-chemical characteristics of products, Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ metal ions were induced to precipitate in a toluene/water/sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate microemulsion system. Portions of the precipitated powder were differently treated, both in solution and in the solid state, and the role of restricted aqueous domains in the obtained materials was investigated. X-ray diffraction profile-fitting methods and chemical analysis were applied to characterize the powder particles. Samples obtained from the selected microemulsion were identified as nanosized mixed hydroxide compounds. A low metal content and a limited matter exchange among aqueous nanodroplets appear to inhibit hydroxide to oxide transformation inside the selected micellar system. A calcination process of precipitated powder was required to obtain a manganese ferrite compound.     

纳米硫酸钡改性及其应用的研究进展

纳米硫酸钡作为一种新型的无机材料,因其具有高比表面积、高活性、分散性好等优点而被广泛应用于众多领域。首先,概述了络合沉淀法、微乳液法、微反应器法等3种制备方法,并对其制备机理和优缺点做了分析。重点综述了纳米硫酸钡在表面改性方面的研究进展,及其在涂料、塑料、造纸、化纤等领域的应用进展,还阐述了纳米硫酸钡改性的作用机理。最后,提出纳米硫酸钡在生产过程中还需解决生产成本、能源消耗和污染等问题,同时指出引进新的技术手段到各种工艺中,发展综合化的工艺技术是今后研究纳米硫酸钡的一个重要方向。     

纳米铁酸盐的合成及处理污水中Cr^6＋的研究进展

介绍了纳米铁酸盐（MFe2O4，M=Mn，Zn，Co，Ni，La等）的主要制备方法，包括固相法、共沉淀法、水热法、溶胶一凝胶法、微乳液法、超声波法、自蔓延高温合成法、纳米刻蚀法等，综述了各种处理方法的侧重点及利弊。同时，对应用纳米铁酸盐去除污水中Cr^6＋离子做了阐述，展望了纳米铁酸盐作为未来污水处理剂的应用前景。     

Graphene/nanosized silicon composites for lithium battery anodes with improved cycling stability

Graphene/nanosized silicon composites were prepared and used for lithium battery anodes. Two types of graphene samples were used and their composites with nanosized silicon were prepared in different ways. In the first method, graphene oxide (GO) and nanosized silicon particles were homogeneously mixed in aqueous solution and then the dry samples were annealed at 500 °C to give thermally reduced GO and nanosized silicon composites. In the second method, the graphene sample was prepared by fast heat treatment of expandable graphite at 1050 °C and the graphene/nanosized silicon composites were then prepared by mechanical blending. In both cases, homogeneous composites were formed and the presence of graphene in the composites has been proved to effectively enhance the cycling stability of silicon anode in the lithium-ion batteries. The significant enhancement on cycling stability could be ascribed to the high conductivity of the graphene materials and absorption of volume changes of silicon by graphene sheets during the lithiation/delithiation process. In particular, the composites using thermally expanded graphite exhibited not only more excellent cycling performance, but also higher specific capacity of 2753 mAh/g because the graphene sheets prepared by this method have fewer structural defects than thermally reduced GO.     

Preparation and performance of nanosized tungsten carbides for electrocatalysis

The principle of the intermittent microwave heating (IMH) method and the details on the working procedure for prepare nanosized materials were presented along with the comparison to the traditional continuous microwave heating (CMH) method. The nanosized tungsten carbides were synthesized as an example by this novel method. It produced WC with the average particle size of 21.4 nm at the procedure of 15 s-on and 15 s-off for 20 times, however, the particle size increased to 35.7 nm by CMH method for 5 min. The pure WC was obtained by post-treating the sample in NaOH solution, which gave the better performance as support.The nanosized WC was used as support for the Pt nanoparticles (Pt-WC/C(IMH)) for alcohol oxidation and oxygen reduction. It was proved that the Pt-WC/C(IMH) electrocatalysts gave the better performance than that prepared by CMH method (Pt-WC/C(CMH)) or Pt/C electrocatalysts in terms of the activity and CO-tolerance. The intermittent microwave heating method is easier to scale-up for mass production of the nanosized tungsten carbides and other nanosized materials as well.     

纳米铋掺杂二氧化锡/水性聚氨酯复合材料

以自制纳米铋掺杂二氧化锡(nano-BTO)分散浆料和水性聚氨酯(PU)为原料,采用共混法制备nano-BTO/水性聚氨酯杂合材料。运用zeta电位仪、激光粒度仪和TEM等研究了nano-BTO的zeta电位分布及其分散。结果表明,nano-BTO浆料的等电点在pH=6附近;采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550和高分子分散剂DP-518对nano-BTO粉体进行分散处理可获得良好分散性的水性浆料。采用紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和自制的隔热测试装置等研究了nano-BTO/氨酯杂合材料的力学性能、光学性能和热学性能。结果表明,当nano-BTO含量为1.0%时,涂膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到了9.23 MPa、223%,可见光透射率约为70%,其隔热效果同比纯PU膜可降温达8℃以上。     

热处理对微乳液法制备纳米氧化镍的影响

微乳液法是近年来制备纳米颗粒的有效方法之一，具有装置简单，操作容易，微粒可控等优点。以氯化镍和氨水为原料，以Triton X-100／环己彬正己醇／水为反相微乳体系，成功制备出纳米氧化镍前驱体，然后对前驱体进行热处理，得到纳米氧化镍粉末，系统考察了热处理对纳米氧化镍颗粒形貌、粒径分布的影响。结果显示，利用微乳液法制备的氧化镍纳米颗粒大小、形态及分散性优于经热处理后的粉末；X射线衍射谱及透射电镜显示，热处理后的氧化镍粉末粒径随着热处理温度的升高而增大。     

纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒的制备及应用

介绍了纳米Fe3O4颗粒的制备方法,这包括化学共沉淀法、沉淀氧化法、微乳液法、水热法、机器研磨法、多元醇法、超声沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法等,并比较了各种制备方法的特点;在此基础上,进一步论述了纳米Fe3O4颗粒在生物医学、导电磁性材料、催化剂以及磁记录材料中的应用进展。     

微乳液聚合制备有机硅材料

介绍了3种有机硅微乳液：聚二甲基硅氧烷微乳液、乙烯基硅氧烷与其他单体的共聚微乳液,以及氨基改性有机硅微乳液,并介绍了有机硅微乳液的应用,微乳液聚合制备的有机硅材料具有许多优异的性能,如优异的渗透性和稳定性等。