基于小波包熵与EMD的能量算子解调机械故障诊断

针对在强噪声背景下轴承振动信号的非线性,非平稳性以及调制源微弱难以提取故障特征的问题,提出了一种基于小波包熵值与EMD(经验模态分解)结合的能量算子解调故障诊断方法。该方法首先对信号进行小波包熵值降噪,进而选取相关度最大的IMF(本征模态分量)进行能量算子解调,从而实现了提取该分量下的故障信号的幅值和频率信息。对机械故障振动信号进行实验分析表明,相对于普通Hilbert解调法的运算精度与运算速度满足不了诊断需求的情况下,该方法能够有效解调出故障频率信息,实现对故障类别的推断。     

基于LMD的能量算子解调机械故障诊断方法

为了提取多分量调幅调频信号的幅值和频率信息,提出了基于局部均值分解(local mean decomposition,简称LMD)的能量算子解调机械故障诊断方法.该方法先利用LMD将机械调制信号分解成若干个乘积函数(production function,简称PF)分量,然后对每一个PF分量进行能量算子解调,获得信号的幅值和频率信息进行故障诊断.利用该方法对仿真信号以及轴承和齿轮故障振动信号进行实验研究的结果表明,基于LMD的能量算子解调方法能够有效地提取机械故障振动信号特征.     

基于DEMD和对称差分能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对机械故障振动信号多为调制信号的特点,为了更好地提取多分量调幅调频信号的幅值和频率信息,提出了基于微分的经验模式分解(DEMD)与对称差分能量算子相结合的解调方法。利用DEMD算法将原始振动信号进行分解,得到若干个单分量信号;对每一个单分量信号进行三点对称差分能量算子解调,得到各单分量信号的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,并计算出包络谱。将该方法应用于仿真信号和滚动轴承故障信号的诊断,实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提取机械故障信号的故障特征,实现旋转机械故障诊断。     

基于EMD与自相关的能量算子解调机械故障诊断

针对在强噪声背景下早期轴承故障振动信号的非线性,非平稳性以及信号出现的复杂调制现象,提出一种基于EMD与自相关函数相结合的能量算子解调故障诊断方法。该方法首先根据信号的小波包熵值对信号小波包降噪,而后降噪信号进行EMD分解,提取相关度最大的IMF分量进行自相关函数分析的方法进一步抑制噪声对提取特征频率的干扰,然后对降噪处理过的信号进行能量算子解调,从而实现提取轴承的故障信号的幅值和频率信息。对机械故障振动信号进行实验分析表明,相对于单纯的小波包分析预处理存在的降噪效果不理想以及普通Hilbert解调法的运算精度满足不了诊断需求的情况,该方法能够有效解调出故障频率信息,以实现对故障类别的推断。     

归一化复域能量算子解调及其在转子碰摩故障诊断中的应用

归一化希尔伯特变换(Normalized Hilbert transform,NHT)解调采用经验AM-FM分解实现信号的包络信号(即瞬时幅值)和纯调频信号的分离,再对纯调频信号进行希尔伯特变换提取瞬时频率。与直接希尔伯特变换解调比较,归一化希尔伯特变换的解调效果有较大提高。然而,研究发现,经验AM-FM分解得到的纯调频信号可能存在易导致负频率出现的骑波,并且由于归一化希尔伯特变换求取瞬时频率仍采用希尔伯特变换,则不可避免地在端点处产生振荡。针对归一化希尔伯特变换解调存在的问题,提出可以消除骑波的改进的经验AM-FM分解以及基于复域能量算子的纯调频信号的瞬时频率估计,并在此基础之上进一步提出一种新的信号解调方法——归一化复域能量算子(Normalized complex Teager energy operator,NCTEO)解调,采用改进的经验AM-FM分解提取单分量信号的瞬时幅值,再用基于复域能量算子的瞬时频率估计对纯调频信号进行解调提取瞬时频率。通过仿真试验以及转子早期碰摩故障诊断的应用实例验证了归一化复域能量算子解调的优越性和有效性。     

基于迭代Hilbert变换的多分量信号解调方法研究及应用

旋转机械系统发生故障时,其振动信号通常为多分量AM-FM信号。针对传统的解调方法在多分量振动信号故障特征提取中的局限性,提出一种利用迭代Hilbert变换(Iterated Hilbert transform,IHT)进行机械故障诊断的新方法。介绍IHT的基本原理;通过对任一两分量的AM-FM信号的分析表明利用IHT得到的相位信息直接估计瞬时频率具有一定的局限性,于是提出基于差分算和零相位数字低通滤波的平滑的瞬时频率估计方法,并通过仿真试验表明,与自适应分割算法和Hilbert-Huang变换相比,该方法具有很高的精度且速度较快。对具有外圈故障的滚动轴承和具有断齿故障的齿轮箱振动信号的分析结果表明,基于IHT的多分量AM-FM信号解调方法能有效地提取机械故障振动信号中的故障特征。     

基于Teager-Huang变换的转子局部碰摩故障诊断

针对转子碰摩故障诊断问题,提出一种基于Teager-Huang变换的转子局部碰摩故障特征提取方法,该方法首先通过经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)将原始振动信号分解为若干个本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)分量,然后利用Teager量算子计算IMF分量的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,得到故障信号的时频分布信息。通过转子局部碰摩故障诊断实例分析结果表明Teager-Huang变换方法比Hilbert-Huang变换方法能更好地追踪转子碰摩的发生,并能有效提取转子碰摩故障特征,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于VMD和对称差分能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障振动信号非平稳、强噪声,故障频率难提取的问题,提出了基于变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)和对称差分能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用VMD方法将滚动轴承待分析信号分解成若干个模态分量;其次,根据峭度最大准则来选取被对称差分能量算子解调的模态分量,解调后获取待分析信号的幅值、频率信息并计算包络谱。实验结果表明:与传统能量算子相比,所提方法能突显故障特征频率并有效抑制虚假干扰频率,更有利于滚动轴承故障诊断。     

基于改进EMD和谱峭度法滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承故障信号的强背景噪声特点,提出一种基于改进经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)与谱峭度法的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法.首先,利用EMD方法对原故障信号进行分解,得到若干平稳固有模态分量(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF);然后,采用灰色关联度与互信息相结合方法剔除传统EMD分解结果中存在的虚假分量;最后,运用谱峭度法和包络解调方法对真实IMF分量进行分析,提取故障特征频率.通过对实际滚动轴承故障信号的应用表明,该方法可有效地提取滚动轴承故障特征,且能够取得比传统包络解调分析更好的效果.     

基于EMD与同态滤波解调的矿用齿轮箱故障诊断

针对矿用齿轮箱振动信号的特点,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)与同态滤波相结合的故障解调方法.利用EMD对某矿用皮带机齿轮箱故障信号进行分解,得到若干个本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,简称IMFs)分量,然后对其中较突出的IMFs进行同态滤波解调分析,提取出了频率为7.0Hz的调制故障信号.研究表明,EMD与同态滤波解调相结合是一种有效的齿轮箱故障诊断方法.     

The application of energy operator demodulation approach based on EMD in machinery fault diagnosis

An energy operator demodulation approach based on EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) is proposed to extract the instantaneous frequencies and amplitudes of the multi-component amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated (AM-FM) signals. Furthermore the proposed approach is applied to machinery fault diagnosis. Firstly, EMD method is used to decompose a multi-component AM-FM signal into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IFMs). Secondly, the energy operator demodulation method is applied to each IMF and the instantaneous amplitudes and frequencies of a multi-component AM-FM signal are extracted. Finally, the spectrum analysis is applied to each instantaneous amplitude in order to obtain envelope spectra from which the mechanical fault can be diagnosed. The analysis results show that the energy operator demodulation approach based on EMD can extract the characteristic of machinery fault vibration signals efficiently.     

随机共振降噪下的齿轮微弱故障特征提取

针对强背景噪声下的齿轮微弱故障特征提取问题,提出了一种将级联单稳随机共振与经验模式分解(EMD)-Teager能量算子解调方法相结合的特征提取方法。首先对含噪故障信号进行随机共振输出,降噪后再进行经验模式分解,分解得到具有不同特征时间尺度的固有模态函数(IMFs),最后通过Teager能量算子解调方法求取每个有效IMF分量的幅频信息,从而提取齿轮微弱故障特征。仿真分析和实际测试结果均表明,通过随机共振降噪后,该方法能有效检测出齿轮局部损伤故障特征频率。     

Bearing fault detection and diagnosis based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform

The vibration signal of the run-up or run-down process is more complex than that of the stationary process. A novel approach to fault diagnosis of roller bearing under run-up condition based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform (THT) is presented. This method is based on order tracking, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Teager Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) technique. The nonstationary vibration signals are transformed from the time domain transient signal to angle domain stationary one using order tracking. EMD can adaptively decompose the vibration signal into a series of zero mean amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). TKEO can track the instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency of the AM-FM component at any instant. Experimental examples are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results provide strong evidence that the performance of the Teager-Huang transform approach is better to that of the Hilbert-Huang transform approach for bearing fault detection and diagnosis. The Teager-Huang transform has better resolution than that of Hilbert-Huang transform. Teager-Huang transform can effectively diagnose the faults of the bearing, thus providing a viable processing tool for gearbox defect monitoring.     

基于EMD和非线性峭度的齿轮故障诊断

采用经验模式分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)和非线性峭度的统计特性对振动加速度传感器获取的齿轮箱振动响应信号进行特性分析。利用EMD分解获得振动响应信号的本征模式函数,用非线性Tea-ger能量算子计算每个本征模式函数的瞬时能量,并对本征模式函数进行系数的非线性峭度计算,提取系统的特征信息。仿真结果表明,用经验模式分解和非线性峭度可实现在线监测齿轮运转工作状态,及时发现齿轮的早期故障,提高了故障检测的可靠性。     

基于EMD和SVM的刀具故障诊断方法

为了解决刀具在切削过程中出现的故障,提出了基于经验模态分解(EMD)和支持向量机(SVM)的刀具故障诊断方法.该方法首先将经过标准化的声发射信号进行经验模态分解,将其分解为有限个固有模态函数(IMF)和残余量之和,然后对每个IMF分量通过一定的削减算法增强故障类型特征,计算每个IMF和残余项的能量以及整个信号的削减比作...     

Teager-Huang变换在齿轮裂纹故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于Teager-Huang变换的齿轮箱故障诊断方法,该方法综合利用了经验模态分解(empiricalmode decomposition,简称EMD)和Teager能量算子分析技术。由于EMD方法具有自适应的分析能力,首先利用EMD把时间序列信号分解成不同特征时间尺度的固有模态函数,然后用Teager能量算子计算各固有模态函数的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,得到Teager-Huang变换时频谱。齿轮箱齿轮裂纹故障振动试验信号的研究结果表明:Teager-Huang变换时频谱优于Hilbert-Huang变换时频谱,能有效地识别齿轮的裂纹故障。     

A Feature Extraction Method for the Wear of Milling Tools Based on the Hilbert Marginal Spectrum

Abstract

The Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) can adaptively delineate complex non-linear, non-stationary signals when used as the Hilbert–Huang marginal spectrum through empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert transform, to highlight local features of signals. Characterized by high resolution, the Hilbert marginal spectrum has been widely applied in mechanical signal processing and fault diagnosis. In the research, an HHT based on the improved EMD was proposed to analyze the cutting force, vibration acceleration (AC), and acoustic emission (AE) signals during tool wear in the milling process. At first, the collected signals were subjected to range analysis, which revealed that tool wear was closely related to the signals collected during the cutting process. Then, EMD was applied to the signals, followed by variance analysis after calculating the energies of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) component. Afterwards, the IMF components significantly influenced by wear degree, while slightly influenced by the three cutting factors (cutting velocity, feed per tooth, and cutting depth), were selected as IMF sensitive to the degree of wear. The HHT was finally applied to the sensitive IMF components of signals containing major tool wear information, thus obtaining the Hilbert marginal spectra of the signals, which were able to reflect the changes in signal amplitude with frequency. On the basis of the Hilbert marginal spectrum, the method defined the feature energy function which was then used as the eigenvector for predicting tool wear in milling processes. The analysis of signals in four tool wear states indicated that the method can extract salient tool wear features.     

Hilbert-Huang变换在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

为齿轮故障诊断提供了一种新的途径,将Hilbert-Huang变换引入齿轮故障诊断,提出了局部Hilbert能量谱的概念,同时根据齿轮故障振动信号的特点建立了两种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的齿轮故障诊断方法:基于EMD的频率族分离法和Hilbert能量谱方法。采用EMD(Empiricalmodedecomposition)方法对齿轮振动信号能有效地将各个频率族分离;局部Hilbert能量谱可以反映齿轮振动信号的能量随时间和频率的分布情况,从而可以提取齿轮振动信号的故障信息。将这两种方法应用于齿轮故障诊断中,结果表明,基于EMD的频率族分离法和Hilbert能量谱方法都能有效地提取齿轮故障特征信息。     

基于经验模态分解包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳特征和传统包络分析法的缺陷,提出了一种基于经验模态分解包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先采用经验模态分解将原始信号分解为若干个平稳的固有模态函数之和,然后求出包含主要故障信息的若干个固有模态函数分量的包络谱,再定义包络谱中故障特征频率处的幅值比为特征幅值比,最后以特征幅值比作为故障特征向量,输入神经网络,以神经网络的输出来判断滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型.对滚动轴承内圈、外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明,基于经验模态分解包络谱的故障诊断方法能有效地提取滚动轴承的故障特征.