碳纤维系列标准

GB／T3362--2005《碳纤维复丝拉伸性能试验方法》。规定了碳纤维复丝拉伸性能试验方法的设备试样、试验条件、程序、试验结果和试验报告。适用于将1K至12K碳纤维复丝浸胶后测定其拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量和断裂伸长率。12K以上的碳纤维复丝可参照使用。     

3K碳纤维拉伸性能测试方法的重复性和再现性

利用实验室循环比对试验的方法,研究了3K碳纤维拉伸性能试验方法的重复性和再现性,丰富了拉伸性能试验方法精密度数据,为准确测定和评价碳纤维拉伸强度和模量提供了科学的依据,为ISO标准和国标的制修订进一步积累了数据。     

树脂基碳纤维丝束本构方程的研究

分析了三维完全各向异性、三维正交各向异性和横观各向同性材料的本构关系,提出树脂基碳纤维丝束采用横观各向同性的本构方程,并基于该方程,通过隐式计算模块Abaqus/Standard中的牛顿迭代法求解材料的拉伸性能,与试验作对比。结果表明:拉伸应力—应变关系曲线与试验值比较吻合,能较好地模拟树脂基碳纤维丝束的形变,较准确地反映拉伸力学响应;该本构方程模型能够有效地预测碳纤维复合材料的拉伸力学行为。     

制样过程中影响PAN基碳纤维复丝拉伸性能准确性的因素

从国内外现行试验标准和方法中,分析了碳纤维复丝拉伸性能测试方法中制样过程需要完善的细节,并给出了解决方案。为逐步建立与国际接近和国内统一的碳纤维复丝拉伸性能评价测试规范提出了建议。     

南京玻璃纤维研究设计院质检中心成功举办2013年碳纤维循环比对试验

2013年碳纤维浸胶纱和碳纤维单丝拉伸性能实验室间的循环比对试验已圆满完成。这是继南京玻璃纤维研究设计院质检中心在2012年组织的首次碳纤维比对试验以后的又一次比对试验。本次比对试验取得了较好的效果,不仅验证了实验室的测试能力,也为确定试验方法的精密度提供了数据。本次比对试验得到了国内从事碳纤维测试技术研究     

仿真技术在服装智能制造中对不同纤维复材的取向与性能研究

为了提升服装智能制造质量与效率,基于虚拟仿真技术对不同纤维取向的碳纤维复合材料进行了有效性能预测,并采用试验验证的方法进行了对比。结果表明,随着碳纤维复合材料中碳纤维的长径比从10增加至60,碳纤维复合材料的有效模量E₁呈现逐渐增加的趋势,而碳纤维复合材料的有效模量E₂、E₃和G₁₂变化不大。采用模型可以对未处理碳纤维和上浆碳纤维复合材料的拉伸模量进行预测,且误差在10%以内;上浆处理碳纤维复合材料的纵向拉伸模量测试结果明显高于未处理碳纤维复合材料,即上浆处理有助于提升碳纤维复合材料的纵向拉伸模量。     

T700碳纤维／环氧复合材料力学性能试验研究

本文对日本东丽、东邦公司生产的T700碳纤维的单向板力学性能进行了试验研究,提供了两种纤维复合材料的标准试验数据;对于两种碳纤维的单向板纵向拉伸性能的差异,运用材料力学方法、最弱环定理进行了分析,发现TOHO T700碳纤维／环氧单向板拉伸强度较差的原因可能来自于纤维本身和隐含缺陷较多造成;同TOHO T700碳纤维相比较,TORAY T700碳纤维较为适用于纵向拉伸要求较高的产品。通过标准试验方法对TORAY与TOHO两种T700碳纤维进行单向板压缩性能、单向板层间界面性能比较表明,两者抗压性能,界面性能相近。     

国产T800级碳纤维复丝拉伸强度测量不确定度的评定

依据GB/T 3362—2017《碳纤维复丝拉伸性能试验方法》和JJF1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》的要求,以国产T800级碳纤维复丝为试样,对其拉伸强度测量不确定度进行了评定.结果表明:国产T800级碳纤维拉伸强度的扩展不确定度结果为(5923±228)MPa,主要来源为线密度计算和测量结果重复性;...     

南京玻璃纤维研究设计院质检中心成功举办2013年碟纤维循环比对试验

2013年碳纤维浸胶纱和碳纤维单丝拉伸性能实验室间的循环比对试验已圆满完成。这是继南京玻璃纤维研究设计院质检中心在2012年组织的首次碳纤维比对试验以后的又一次比对试验。本次比对试验取得了较好的效果，不仅验证了实验室的测试能力，也为确定试验方法的精密度提供了数据。     

碳纤维织物引入体育器材成型技术及力学性能研究

碳纤维织物在体育器材领域具有广泛的应用前景，针对不同成型轮廓的体育器材，选用合适的纤维取向织物将有助于实现产品成型特性的优化。基于此，简单介绍了体育器材用碳纤维织物的几种常见成型技术，如模压成型、RTM成型与挤压成型等。再以体育器材中常用的碳纤维织物T3OO-3K平纹布料为试验对象，设计了单轴拉伸、双轴拉伸以及方盒冲压试验，分析研究其拉伸性能与冲压性能，总结碳纤维织物在成型过程中的力学行为与变形机理。     

影响聚丙烯腈基碳纤维原丝拉伸性能测试的因素

用GB/T 19975—2005《高强化纤长丝拉伸性能试验方法》,对12 K(即单丝根数12 000根)碳纤维原丝的拉伸性能进行测试,摸索了丝束的加捻数、预加张力、测试压力、取样方式、纤维理直方式等测试因素对丝束拉伸性能的影响,确定了12 K碳纤维原丝束丝拉伸性能测试的最佳操作条件,保障了实验室测试结果的可靠性。     

短切CF增强TPEE热塑性复合材料的注射成型及力学性能研究

以热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)为基体材料,8 mm短切碳纤维(CF)为增强材料,制备CF/TPEE复合材料。材料通过双螺杆挤出系统混合塑化、挤出造粒后,再经过注塑成型制备成标准拉伸试样,通过力学性能测试及微观结构观察,系统研究了碳纤维含量和等离子表面处理对CF/TPEE复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,当碳纤维含量为20%时,CF/TPEE复合材料的拉伸强度最大,为39.08 MPa;相比于纯TPEE,其拉伸强度提高了217%;经过等离子表面处理后,拉伸强度进一步提高了5%。结合拉伸后断面的SEM图发现,注塑试样表层碳纤维取向度高,而近中区和中心层取向度相对较低,这是注射CF/TPEE复合材料拉伸性能提高效应不明显的主要原因。     

Modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) carbon fiber precursor via post-spinning plasticization and stretching in dimethyl formamide (DMF)

This study investigates the possibility of using a post-spinning plasticization and stretching process to eliminate suspected property-limiting factors in polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers. This process was performed with the intention of removing surface defects (to improve tensile strength), attenuating fiber diameter (to promote more uniform heat treatment), and reducing molecular dipole interactions (to facilitate further molecular orientation). Among the various organic and inorganic solutions tested, treatment using aqueous dimethyl formamide (DMF) offered far and away the best properties and was therefore selected for further testing. Tested individually (as single filaments), fibers exposed to 80% DMF for 10 s gave the highest precursor values of elastic modulus (9.07 GPa) and tensile strength (675 MPa). While fibers treated in 80% DMF gave a 73% improvement in elastic modulus and a 53% improvement in tensile strength over as-received PAN, limitations in sample preparation and carbonization necessitated a reduction in DMF concentration (to 30%) to allow extraction of individual carbon fibers for tensile testing. Despite this compromise, results for fibers carbonized at 1000°C ultimately showed a 32% improvement in carbon fiber elastic modulus and a 14% improvement in carbon fiber tensile strength over regularly prepared carbon fibers. These results show that, to a certain extent, improvements in PAN precursor properties can translate to corresponding improvements in subsequently produced carbon fibers. Additional characterization using wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggests that these improvements are due in part to improved lateral order as well as the successful elimination of surface defects and prevention of skin-core formation.     

Physical modification of polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber: Its effect on mechanical properties

Polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber of a special grade for making carbon fibers was modified by stretching in the prestabilization stage to various extents. The effect of such stretching on tensile properties of the original precursor fiber, intermediate (oxidized) fiber, and resultant carbon fiber prepared through a continuous process was monitored. Improvements in tensile modulus of fibers at various stages were observed with increasing stretch ratios. However, no obvious enhancement of tensile strength of final carbon fibers was found. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

高模量碳纤维的现状及发展(3)

主要介绍了国内外聚丙烯腈基和沥青基高模量碳纤维的研究现状及发展趋势。⑴高模量碳纤维的发展方向:1980年代,两大高模量碳纤维都朝着高强高模方向发展,以满足飞机主承力结构件高强高模并重的需要,因而促使高模量碳纤维的性能从单一高模化向高强高模化方向迈进,如东丽公司的M50J和M60J的抗拉伸强度(σ)分别为4.12 GPa和3.92 GPa,抗拉伸模量(E)分别为475 GPa和588 GPa,与M50(σ:2.45 GPa,E:490 GPa)相比均大幅度提高;1990年代率先研制出XN-70(σ:3.3 GPa,E:690 GPa)和FT-700(σ:3.3 GPa,E:700 GPa)沥青基高强高模碳纤维产品不久,美国AMOCO公司也生产出Thorne K-1000(σ:3.1 GPa,E:956 GPa)商品,满足了工业界的需求。⑵原丝的品质是提升高强高模碳纤维性能的关键:人们特别关注聚合物单体、溶剂、环境等的净化,以及聚合纺丝工艺参数的选择和调整,目的是如何能生产出低灰份杂质,细直径,高碳收率,高取向度和结晶度,毛丝少,柔韧性好,均匀稳定的优质原纤维。优质原纤维是制备高强高模的物质基础。⑶热处理制备工序、设备选型及工艺参数的调控也是提高高强高模碳纤维性能不可或缺的条件:人们在热处理过程用DSC-TG(热分析仪)、EA(元素分析仪)、FE-SEM(场发射扫描电镜)、HRTEM(高分辨透射电镜)、XES(X-射线能谱仪)、XRD(X-射线衍射仪)、Raman(拉曼光谱)、NMR(核磁共振仪)、STM(原子力显微镜)和AAS(原子吸收光谱)等先进的测试分析方法以及万能材料试验机等,研究各工序的工艺参数对产品性能和结构的影响,并详细的用图表阐述之。前人研究的成果加速了世界高强高模碳纤维性能的提升。进而提出了提高我国高强高模碳纤维的关键技术(例如研制非硅系新油剂,加强各工序的净化度和设备加工精度,强化工艺参数调控精度和加强灵活可变性,分析测试的准确度和测试方法的统一性等)。同时简介了高模量碳纤维的应用领域和前景。     

Influence of oxygen plasma treatment parameters on the properties of carbon fiber

This study is focused on the impact of oxygen plasma treatment on properties of carbon fibers and interfacial adhesion behavior between the carbon fibers and epoxy resin. The influences of the main parameters of plasma treatment process, including duration, power, and flow rate of oxygen gas were studied in detail using interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of carbon fiber composites. The ILSS of composites made of carbon fibers treated by oxygen plasma for 1 min, at power of 125 W, and oxygen flow rate of 100 sccm presented a maximum increase of 28% compared to composites made of untreated carbon fibers. Furthermore, carbon fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile strength test, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy analyses. It was found that the concentration of reactive functional groups on the fiber surface was increased after the plasma modification, as well the surface roughness, which finally improved the interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and epoxy resin. However, high power and long exposure times could partly damage the surface of carbon fibers and decrease the tensile strength of filaments and ILSS of treated fiber composites.     

Formation of a carbon fiber/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/carbon nanotube hybrid reinforcement and its effect on the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites

A carbon fiber/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/carbon nanotube (CF–POSS–CNT) hybrid reinforcement was prepared by grafting CNTs onto the carbon fiber surface using octaglycidyldimethylsilyl POSS as the linkage in an attempt to improve the interfacial properties between carbon fibers and an epoxy matrix. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic contact angle analysis and single fiber tensile testing were performed to characterize the hybrid reinforcements. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), impact toughness, dynamic mechanical analysis and force modulation atomic force microscopy were carried out to investigate the interfacial properties of the composites. Experimental results show that POSS and CNTs are grafted uniformly on the fiber surface and significantly increase the fiber surface roughness. The polar functional groups and surface energy of carbon fibers are obviously increased after the modification. Single fiber tensile testing results demonstrate that the functionalization does not lead to any discernable decrease in the fiber tensile strength. Mechanical property test results indicate the ILSS and impact toughness are enhanced. The storage modulus and service temperature increase by 11 GPa and 17 °C, respectively. POSS and CNTs effectively enhance the interfacial adhesion of the composites by improving resin wettability, increasing chemical bonding and mechanical interlocking.     

Processing,structure, and properties of gel spun PAN and PAN/CNT fibers and gel spun PAN based carbon fibers

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/carbon nanotube (PAN/CNT) fibers were manufactured through dry‐jet wet spinning and gel spinning. Fiber coagulation occurred in a solvent‐free or solvent/nonsolvent coagulation bath mixture with temperatures ranging from ?50 to 25°C. The effect of fiber processing conditions was studied to understand their effect on the as‐spun fiber cross‐sectional shape, as well as the as‐spun fiber morphology. Increased coagulation bath temperature and a higher concentration of solvent in the coagulation bath medium resulted in more circular fibers and smoother fiber surface. as‐spun fibers were then drawn to investigate the relationship between as‐spun fiber processing conditions and the drawn precursor fiber structure and mechanical properties. PAN precursor fiber tows were then stabilized and carbonized in a continuous process for the manufacture of PAN based carbon fibers. Carbon fibers with tensile strengths as high as 5.8 GPa and tensile modulus as high as 375 GPa were produced. The highest strength PAN based carbon fibers were manufactured from as‐spun fibers with an irregular cross‐sectional shape produced using a ?50°C methanol coagulation bath, and exhibited a 61% increase in carbon fiber tensile strength as compared to the carbon fibers manufactured with a circular cross‐section. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2603–2614, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

国产CCF300碳纤维4轴向无屈曲织物层合板力学性能对比研究

设计制备了两种4轴向碳纤维无屈曲织物(NCF):第一种织物全部采用东丽公司T700 12k碳纤维,第二种织物中66.7%碳纤维采用国产CCF300 3k碳纤维(与东丽T300 3k碳纤维相当)。对该两种织物层合板0°、90°和±45°4个方向的抗拉伸、抗弯曲和抗层间剪切性能进行了测试与对比研究。结果表明:在现有生产条件下,国产CCF300 3k碳纤维最多可以代替4轴向NCF中66.7%的进口T700 12k碳纤维;国产碳纤维NCF层合板各方向归一化后的抗拉伸强度比进口碳纤维NCF层合板低18.7%～26.1%,而其他性能没有显著差别;两种NCF层合板的抗拉伸和抗层间剪切破坏模式相似。     

Measurement of Adhesion Between Carbon Fibers and Bismaleimide Resins

The adhesion between carbon fibers and bismaleimide resins was evaluated using the microbond single fiber pull-out test. A commercially-available, methylene dianiline-based bismaleimide resin and a novel phosphorus-containing bismaleimide were tested with as-received and plasma-treated polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers. The surface chemical composition, topography, tensile strength, and surface free energy of the carbon fibers were studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, single fiber tensile tests, and dynamic contact angle analysis. The carbon fiber-bismaleimide adhesion improved when the carbon fiber received an oxidative commercial surface treatment or was exposed to an air or ammonia plasma prior to bonding.