三维涡流计算中最少变量数边界积分方程的一个注记

本文回顾了求解三维电磁场涡流问题的数值计算方法,其中最少变量数边界积分方程法(Boundary Integral Equations of Minimum Order Method)具有很多优点.但提出该方法的论文以及后续论文中的边界积分方程中存在一些错误,本文给出了边界积分方程的极限推导过程,改正了这些错误.     

一种分析多目标散射问题的区域分解方法

提出了一种用于分析复杂多目标散射问题的区域分解方法.在该方法中,每个目标作为一个独立的计算区域采用矢量有限元方法进行分析;各个区域之间通过基于格林函数的边界积分方程进行耦合;所得到的耦合矩阵方程采用基于Foldy-Lax多径散射方程的特征基函数方法进行求解.由于矢量有限元方法的灵活性,该区域分解方法特别适合于求解多个具有相同结构复杂目标的散射问题.数值算例验证了该方法的准确性和处理复杂多目标散射问题的能力.     

非均匀介质结构中线天线辐射问题的有限元-边界积分方法

采用有限元边界积分方法,通过把所求解区域分成内外两部分,内场用有限元计算,外场用边界积分计算,分析了线天线辐射问题.边界积分采用伽略金方法处理,并用变换解决了积分方程的奇异性问题,最后给出了仿真结果.     

磁化等离子体覆盖导体散射问题的FE/BI方法分析

基于矢量有限元方法和边界积分方程,推导了分析三维导体表面覆盖各向异性磁化等离子体电磁散射问题的矢量有限元/边界积分(FE/BI)方法公式,并将该方法推广到外磁场沿任意方向时磁化等离子体的情形。应用该方法计算了磁化等离子覆盖导体目标的双站雷达散射截面(RCS),分析了等离子体厚度、密度、碰撞频率和外磁场方向对雷达散射截面的影响。数值计算结果表明:在导体表面覆盖各向异性磁化等离子体并且选取合适的参数,能够有效地减少雷达散射截面。     

一种求解Maxwell方程组的无条件稳定时域精细积分法

本文提出了一种基于精细积分技术求解Maxwell旋度方程的半解析时域方法.由于精细积分技术的引入,该方法不仅摆脱了Courant-Frendrich-Levy稳定性条件对时间步长的限制,而且使得数值色散与时间步长的选取无关.文中分别推导了时域精细积分法在计算区域内和吸收边界处的差分格式,时域递推的计算格式;并提出了时域递推过程涉及的矩阵不可逆问题的解决方案.进行了实例计算,并与解析解和时域有限差分法的结果进行了对比.     

二维扩散方程边界元解法中的四重奇异积分计算

对二维热传导方程的Dirichlet初边值问题,采用带时间变量的基本解,利用基于单层位势的间接边界积分方程及其等价的Galerkin变分形式求解,该方法涉及到与时空相关的四重奇异积分的计算.在采用常单元离散的情况下,推导了具体实施数值计算所需的积分公式,完成了数值实验,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

电磁场与微波技术

(〕月4,024 94050850电磁场边界元法分析中的域积分和奇异积分问题及一种改进边界元法/马西奎(西安交通大学)11光纤与电缆及其应用技术一1 994,(2)一1一7 概述了几种把域积分化为边界积分及计算奇异积分的有效方法,并介绍用齐次方程的基本解系作权函数的一种改进型边界法。改进边界元法消除了传统边界元法中的固有奇异性,计算精度和效率都较高,是更为有效的一种方法.表1参5(北)数.表1参8(北)044 94050851最小二乘边界配点法在电磁场边值问题数值分析中的应用/马西奎(西安交通大学)lj微波学报一1994,(2)一17~22 进行了最小二乘边界配点法在电…     

基于边界元法的微结构光波导模场分布研究

本文基于加权余量法,阐述了利用边界元法求解矢量亥姆霍兹方程的数学基础-亥姆霍兹方程的边界积分方程;并推导了数值求解该边界积分方程的方法;利用推导结果,编写计算机程序分析了圆光波导的模式场分布情况。实验结果表明,该方法可以在较低方程组阶数,较少输入数据量的前提下准确地分析微结构光波导内模式场的分布情况。     

双位积分方程在分析地面上线天线中的应用

导出了任意取向线天线在基于sommerfeld积分的反射系数近似条件下的双位积分方程,采用多项式基函数和点匹配的矩量法对该方程求解,给出阻抗元素计算的一般表达式.计算结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

大型波导缝隙阵与天线罩的一体化高效精确分析

针对带罩大型波导缝隙阵的辐射特性分析, 基于并行区域分解合元极算法, 提出一种多区域的精确高效算法.将每根波导缝隙天线以及天线罩实体目标作为一个有限元计算区域, 各区域之间通过基于各区域表面的边界积分方程进行耦合, 并于天线罩内部应用区域分解技术来降低计算资源实现高效计算.与传统单区域合元极的数值结果比较验证了该多区域方法的精确高效性, 还计算分析了带罩大型波导缝隙阵的频域辐射特性.     

Accurate power supply and ground plane pair models [for MCMs]

In this paper, we derive a theory and method for the use of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete transmission lines (TL's) or discrete coupled transmission lines (CTL's) in modeling power supply and ground planes accurately. If the stray coupling between power or local ground and global ground is not significant, the discrete TL's model is used. Otherwise the discrete CTL's model is used. An arbitrarily shaped plane pair is discretized into a 2-D TL or CTL array by an automatic mesh algorithm. The equivalent distributed circuit, including skin loss effect at high frequencies, represents this power ground plane pair. The theory is extended to be applicable to a generic multiple dielectric layer structure. The model computation results are in excellent agreement with S parameter measurements for practical frequency ranges, including the first major resonant nulls and peaks. The null or peak of the S parameter frequency response represents the test port interaction with the resonant standing wave of these planes at that frequency. The resultant S parameter data of these models can be condensed into a simpler N port equivalent circuit to represent a larger hierarchical power and ground plane network for fast simulation     

Efficient Simulation of Power Distribution Network by Using Integral-Equation and Modal-Decoupling Technology

A novel integral-equation equivalent-circuit method is proposed for the efficient electrical simulation of the power distribution network in the electronic package and printed circuit board. The total electromagnetic field inside the power distribution network is decoupled into two modes: the parallel-plate mode sandwiched between the power and ground planes and the transmission line mode propagating along the signal traces. An integral-equation method is then proposed to solve the parallel-plate mode. By discretizing the integral equation, the power-ground planes pair is equivalent to a ground network. Finally, this ground network is recombined with the transmission line mode to simulate the entire power distribution network. Meanwhile, the discontinuity due to the thru-hole via is also considered by an analytic formula. The proposed method decomposes the complex 3-D problem into two simple 2-D problems, and then extracts the equivalent circuits. Therefore, it greatly reduces the computing time and memory requirement. Through several examples, its accuracy and efficiency are validated.     

Simplified modeling of parallel plate resonances on multilayerprinted circuit boards

Multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) are currently used in various areas of electronics such as telecommunications. However, high crosstalk between signal vias can cause degradation of performance for these kinds of structures. Resonances of parallel ground or power planes can increase this crosstalk. In this study, a simplified approach to the modeling of these resonances is described. It is assumed that the fields inside the board have characteristically only two-dimensional (2-D) variation. When this hypothesis is valid, it is shown that resonances can be measured on two-layer prototyping boards and simulated using a 2-D finite-difference model. It is additionally noted that a previously suggested method of using coaxial ground vias to suppress coupling between vias is not necessarily effective if there are resonant parallel plates on the board. Agreement between measured and modeled results is good enough for practical design purposes. The main advantages of the method used in this study compared to the more robust three-dimensional (3-D) simulation models are savings in time and costs. Additionally, prototyping is much easier on two than multilayer boards     

Design and Modeling of a Stopband-Enhanced EBG Structure Using Ground Surface Perturbation Lattice for Power/Ground Noise Suppression

Based on the ground surface perturbation concept, a novel stopband-enhanced electromagnetic-bandgap (EBG) structure has been proposed to suppress the power/ground noise on a three-layer package. This structure consists of a coplanar periodic pattern on the top layer, a ground plane on the third layer, and a ground surface perturbation lattice on the second layer with eight vias connecting to the ground plane. By designing the dimension and via numbers, the ground surface perturbation lattice can significantly enhance the stopband bandwidth. A generic 1-D circuit model is proposed for the three-layer EBG structure. The reason why the proposed structure can possess wider stopband will be explained. Several test samples are fabricated. The agreement of the stopband between the circuit model and measured results are good.      

Fast analysis of bounces on power/ground planes using even-odd partition

A novel method for analyzing the bounces on structure of parallel power/ground planes by using the even-odd mode partition is presented in this paper. Based on the distributed RLCG circuit model derived from the two dimensional electromagnetic field equations of the power/ground planar structure, this method can speed up the circuit simulation of the bounces on power/ground planes by using even-odd mode partition. Furthermore, the method can be used to evaluate the effects of the terminated decoupling capacitors and the hole structures on power/ground plane. The numerical examples demonstrate that the method has both high efficiency and good precision.     

Nonrigid 2-D/3-D registration for patient specific bronchoscopy simulation with statistical shape modeling: phantom validation

This paper presents a nonrigid registration two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2-D/3-D) framework and its phantom validation for subject-specific bronchoscope simulation. The method exploits the recent development of five degrees-of-freedom miniaturized catheter tip electromagnetic trackers such that the position and orientation of the bronchoscope can be accurately determined. This allows the effective recovery of unknown camera rotation and airway deformation, which is modelled by an active shape model (ASM). ASM captures the intrinsic variability of the tracheo-bronchial tree during breathing and it is specific to the class of motion it represents. The method reduces the number of parameters that control the deformation, and thus greatly simplifies the optimisation procedure. Subsequently, pq-based registration is performed to recover both the camera pose and parameters of the ASM. Detailed assessment of the algorithm is performed on a deformable airway phantom, with the ground truth data being provided by an additional six degrees-of-freedom electromagnetic (EM) tracker to monitor the level of simulated respiratory motion.     

Theoretical considerations in the optimization of surface waves on a planar structure

The problem of optimum excitation of surface waves on a grounded dielectric slab by means of slots in the ground plane is considered. By adopting a two-dimensional (2-D) model, analysis lead to closed forms for the power launched as surface waves and power leaked as radiation. Input admittance of a single slot source and mutual admittance between two slots are derived and utilized to design a three element Yagi array of slots to achieve a prescribed ratio of forward to backward surface wave power. As a development of the 2-D model, we allow finite extent of slot excitation by assuming a Gaussian E-field distribution across the slot. The effect of the Gaussian width on the excited surface wave power is studied. The analysis is relevant to the study of surface waves on printed circuits. Specifically, it applies to the implementation of power combiners based on quasioptical slab beam that have been recently introduced in the literature for use in the millimeter wave band.     

A Novel Time-Domain Approach for Extracting Broadband Models of Power Delivery NetworksWith Resonance Effect

Resonance noise, or power/ground bounce noise, on the power and ground planes of high-speed circuit packages is one of the main concerns of signal integrity or power integrity issues. A novel time-domain approach is proposed to synthesize the broadband models of the power/ground planes with resonance effect. Using waveforms either from measurements by time-domain reflectrometry or simulations by the finite-difference time-domain method, the time-domain step response of the planes is characterized with a pole-residue representation obtained through the matrix pencil method. Lumped circuit equivalent circuit models are then synthesized through the pole-residue representations. The synthesized model can accurately predict the resonance behavior of power/ground planes over a wide frequency range. These models can be efficiently incorporated into the currently available circuit simulator such as HSPICE for the consideration of power/ground bouncing noise in high-speed circuits. Three cases are tested to demonstrate the validity and broadband accuracy of the proposed approach.      

具有埋层的大功率集成器件二维简化模型分析

对具有埋层结构的集成大功率器件提出了导通电阻自限制二维模型.在假定条件成立时,推导出器件二维模型导通电阻自限制公式,得出了具有埋层结构的集成大功率器件结构其比导通电阻是随着面积不断增大的结论.通过实验,证实了该结论预测趋势的正确性.该结论对类似集成化大功率器件结构设计具有一定的指导作用.