霜层综合导热系数的研究

提出了霜层综合导热系数概念。认为霜层导热系数除了应考虑霜层结构复杂性还应计及蒸汽凝华潜热释放的影响。从霜层能量平衡分析出发，导出霜层综合导热系数是霜层有效导热系数和蒸汽有效导热系数之和。据此计算的霜层综合导热系数与实验数据符合较好。     

预测聚合物基复合材料导热系数方法研究进展

用聚合物与高导热填料共混制得导热聚合物基复合材料应用在防腐和节能要求较高的换热场合,符合换热设备新材料的要求;而复合材料的等效导热系数预测比较复杂,本文总结了预测聚合物基复合材料等效导热系数的各种方法,包括傅里叶定律法、最小热阻力法、热阻网络法、逾渗理论方法和均匀化方法,归纳了这些模型和方法的特点,对应用这些模型和方法提出了参考性的建议.     

结霜工况下热泵空调器性能的数值模拟

本文对热泵空调器在结霜工况下的运行性能进行了理论模拟,建立了热泵空调器制冷系统稳态分布参数模型和结霜过程的动态分布参数模型.在系统模型建立中把结霜过程视为准稳态过程.计算结果表明在霜刚开始形成时,有助于增大管壁和空气之间的换热系数,当霜层达到一定厚度时热泵的制热能力,性能系数等讯速下降.经与其他已发表的文献比较计算结果合理.     

聚乳酸/石墨/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的制备及性能

通过共溶剂法制备了由石墨(GN)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)掺杂的聚乳酸(PLA)纳米复合材料,借助扫描电镜等手段,研究了MWCNTs用量对复合材料微观结构、热稳定性、导热和导热性能及介电性能的影响。结果显示,MWC-NTs和GN在PLA基体中形成了稳定的导电和导热网络结构,从而导致复合材料具有较低的导电和导热逾渗阈值,其值约为MWCNTs/GN=0.5/1。MWCNTs和GN均匀分散和协同增强效应促使复合材料热稳定性、导热和导电性能明显提高。与纯PLA相比,填料在逾渗阈值附近的复合材料的初始分解温度提高了近16℃,导热系数提高了1倍,体积电阻降低了109数量级。     

逾渗模型在计算材料学中的研究进展

逾渗理论是处理强无序和随机几何结构系统的最好理论方法之一,它为描述空间随机过程提供了一个明确、清晰、直观的模型,广泛应用于相变和临界现象的研究.本文简要介绍了逾渗理论,综述了近年来逾渗模型在计算材料学中的应用,特别是在脱合金腐蚀、巨磁阻材料、栅介质击穿、导电复合材料等方面的最新研究进展.     

泡沫混凝土导热系数模型及参数修正

在Cheng-Vachon模型的基础上提出了一种针对由连续相和分散相组成的两相复合材料的新导热系数模型.通过引入一个新的参数,即分散相的修正体积含量来改进Cheng-Vachon模型不适用于分散相体积含量较大的缺点.使用新的导热系数模型预测泡沫混凝土的导热系数,与实验结果的对比表明,新的模型可以准确预测泡沫混凝土的导热系数.     

基于分形论的深冷翅片管气化器结霜数值模拟

利用分形理论DLA模型,建立翅片管气化器深冷表面霜层生长模型,通过控制程序循环次数模拟了深冷表面霜层生长不同阶段。结合实验观测到的深冷表面霜层生长过程,从分形维数和霜层密度两个方面验证数值模拟的合理性。结果表明,结霜初期随着初始霜枝晶上不断长出分枝晶,霜层密度随厚度的增大而减小,且深冷表面上霜层分形维数较一般冷表面分形维数大,说明深冷表面霜的生长更加复杂,充满空间的能力更大。这对进一步理解空温式深冷翅片管气化器表面结霜机理,探索有效除霜方法,提高气化器换热特性有重要意义。     

泡沫混凝土导热系数模型研究

研制了系列不同容重的泡沫混凝土,对泡沫混凝土的气孔率和导热系数进行了测试.在此基础上利用二相体系材料导热系数模型对实验结果进行了分析,运用Matlab软件进行了拟合;改进了Maxwell方程,提出并验证了适用于泡沫混凝土的新方程.经测算,理论预测值与实验结果显示了良好的一致性,研究结果表明,所提出的导热系数新方程适合于指导设计特定配比的泡沫混凝土.     

格子-Boltzmann方法模拟霜结晶生长

为了研究冷壁面上霜结晶的生长过程以及各参数的变化规律,利用格子-Boltzmann方法(LBM)方法,建立一个二维介观模型,实验验证了模型的可靠性,分析了霜层温度变化和密度增长规律,并直观模拟出霜结晶凝聚变化过程.结果表明:霜层表面温度在早期阶段迅速增加,但增加率随着结霜时间增加而减小;霜层内部温度随霜层厚度的增加呈线性增长;霜层平均密度随结霜时间增加呈现出先慢后快的规律;随着结霜过程的进行,由于越往上,霜晶体积分数越小,导致霜层内部密度随霜层厚度的上升而减小.     

基于系列磨片的纯铁渗硼层形貌三维重建

为了解渗硼层硼化物的生长过程,采用系列磨片和计算机三维重建技术与可视化,研究了纯铁渗硼层硼化物的立体形貌.结果表明:渗硼层的硼化物以柱状晶形式向基体生长,同时柱状晶也在横向生长,纵向生长速度大于横向生长速度;处于表面的柱状晶根部连在一起形成连续的渗硼层,柱状晶生长过程中会出现倾斜和合并;三维形貌的二维剖面形貌呈齿状,与实际二维金相组织一致;从不同剖面方向观察同一硼化物,硼化物形态不尽相同,二维图像不能完全反映硼化物的真实形貌.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.