金属基纳米复合材料的研究现状和展望

综述了金属基纳米复合材料的制备方法和金属基纳米复合材料的力学和磁学性能，分析了金属基纳米复合材料的微观结构，介绍了国内外相关研究现状及应用的最新进展。指出了金属基纳米复合材料研究中存在的几个重要问题，展望了金属基纳米复合材料的未来发展趋势。     

铝热反应法制备Mo增强铜基纳米复合材料的组织与性能

采用铝热反应-自蔓延烧结法制备了钼质量分数分别为5%、10%、20%的Mo增强铜基复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了复合材料的物相及微观组织形貌,并研究了钼添加量对复合材料力学性能、导电性能、热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明:该工艺制得的复合材料基体晶粒尺寸均达到纳米级,致密度均达到90%以上,硬度较纯铜提高40%以上,导电性能良好(72%IACS以上)。随着钼质量分数的增加,复合材料的硬度增加,致密度、电导率及热膨胀系数下降。当钼质量分数为20%时,复合材料的致密度为91.88%,电导率为72%IACS,硬度是纯铜的2倍,热膨胀系数较纯铜降低了13%,综合性能最佳。复合材料硬化的主要机理为强化相钼和铜基体弹性模量差别引起的模量硬化。     

高耐磨药芯焊丝堆焊组织及基体选择

制备了高铬铸铁型自保护药芯焊丝,并采用此焊丝分别在 Y-Ni4 铸铁、65Mn钢、40Cr 钢和灰口铸铁基体上进行堆焊.对不同堆焊试样进行硬度测试,对堆焊金属及其结合部位进行显微组织及断口形貌观察.结果表明,堆焊金属硬度在 60HRC 以上,断裂方式均为解理断裂.65Mn 钢堆焊试样熔合较好,且基本无裂纹,可在受冲击载荷较大的条件下使用;Y-Ni4 铸铁堆焊试样熔合良好,但在热影响区存在裂纹,应在冲击载荷较小或不受冲击载荷条件下使用;40Cr 和灰铸铁堆焊试样熔合不好,熔合区存在许多缺陷,不宜作为耐磨堆焊基体材料.

Abstract：

Four matrix materials, Y-Ni4 cast iron, 65Mn steel, 40Cr steel and grey cast iron, were hardfaced by the high chromium cast iron of self-shielded flux-cored wire separately. The hardness of different hardfacing specimens was measured, and the microstructures, fracture morphologies and the binding sites of different hardfacing specimens were observed. The results show that the hardness of the hardfacing metal is over 60 HRC and the fracture is of cleavage type. The fusion zones of 65Mn and Y-Ni4 hardfacing metal are good ones. However, the cracks can be observed in the heat-affected zone of Y-Ni4 hardfacing specimen. Therefore, the hardfacing metal of 65Mn steel is suitable for the condition of high stress wear and Y-Ni4 cast iron is suitable for the lower one. Besides, there are many defects in the fusion zone of 40Cr and grey cast iron hardfacing specimens, which are not suitable for the wear resistant matrix materials.     

废弃玻璃／铝基复合材料的组织和性能

利用搅拌熔铸法将废弃玻璃颗粒加入到熔融的基体合金ZL105中,制备出了废弃玻璃／铝基复合材料,研究了复合材料的微观组织,力学性能及断裂机理,结果表明,玻璃颗粒较均匀地分布于基体中,与基体发生界面反应;与基体合金相比,废弃玻璃颗粒的加入提高了复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度,在低载荷下,复合材料的摩擦性能优于基体合金,由于玻璃颗粒形状较尖锐,尺寸大小不均,并存在加工缺陷,有碍于大幅度提高复合材料的性能。     

新型非晶增强铝基复合材料的制备及组织性能

利用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备了一种新型的非晶增强铝基复合材料,用金相、显微硬度计及扫描电镜等分析复合材料的显微组织、硬度以及成分组成.结果表明,复合材料主要由母材和非晶带经搅拌摩擦加工后交替形成的层状结构组成,其显微硬度与母材相比有所提高.复合材料主要由α-Al,Mg2Al3,Mnal6以及La3Al11等物相组成,原始非晶带经搅拌摩擦加工后存在一定的晶化特征,而非晶的晶化可能是摩擦热、机械搅拌力以及轴肩压力等综合因素共同作用的结果.     

采用FSP制备新型非晶增强铝基复合材料的组织与性能

利用搅拌摩擦加工技术获得的新型非晶增强铝基复合材料,通过金相、扫描电镜、显微硬度及拉伸试验等对其显微组织结构及力学性能进行了试验和分析.试验结果表明,复合材料主要以层状结构组成,主要由母材和非晶带交替形成.复合材料显微硬度明显高于母材,并且复合材料的抗拉强度显著提高,当旋转速度达到750 r/min,抗拉强度达到最大值...     

Experimental and computational study of morphological and electrical properties of tin/plasma polymer nanocomposites

Composite tin/n-hexane plasma polymer films were prepared by means of RF magnetron sputtering of tin target in Ar:n-hexane mixture and characterised by various analytical techniques. Their chemical composition was examined by XPS, current-voltage characteristics were measured, and their structure was investigated by conventional TEM and electron tomography. The acquired three-dimensional reconstructions were morphologically analysed by a self-made computer analytical tool, which estimated the mean form factor and the average effective radius of the reconstructed metal inclusions.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Alborex+SiCp/AS52 hybrid metal matrix composites

Abstract

AS52 based hybrid composites reinforced with aluminium borate whiskers and SiC particulates were fabricated by a squeeze casting method. In a hybrid preform, the volume fraction of the aluminium borate whisker was 15% and that of the SiC particulate was 5%. Microstructures of the specimens were observed using OM and SEM. In the hybrid composites, the Alborex whiskers were uniformly distributed in the matrix and a few agglomerations or clusters of SiC particulates were observed. Hardness and three point bending tests were carried out to measure the mechanical properties of the specimens. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were higher than those of whisker reinforced composites and the hybrid composite with finer size particulates showed higher strength than the one with coarse particulates.     

陶瓷基复合材料/金属焊接研究现状

由于用粒子、晶须或纤维增韧的陶瓷基复合材料具有良好的耐磨和耐腐蚀性,是目前备受重视的新型结构材料,用焊接的方法将其与金属焊接制成复合构件可推广应用.介绍了陶瓷/金属常用焊接方法的特点及连接机理,着重讨论了钎焊和扩散焊方法,并对陶瓷基复合材料/金属的焊接研究现状进行了分析.     

Microstructure evolution of rare earth Pr modified alumina-silicate short fiber-reinforced Al-Si metal matrix composites

Al-Si metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with 20 vol.% alumina-silicate shot fibers (Al2O3-SiO2(sf)) were fabricated by an infiltration squeeze method. Pure Pr metal was added into these composites. The effect of Pr addition on the microstructure evolution of Al-Si MMCs was investigated by SEM,TEM,and EDS. Pr addition is favorable to make uniform microstructures with the modified eutectic Si crystal. PrAlSi phase with high contents of Pr and Si is observed on the interface between the fiber and the m...     

Microstructure,mechanical and corrosion properties of electron-beam-melted and plasma-transferred arc-welded WC_P/NiBSi metal matrix composites

As one of the new additive manufacturing processes,electron beam melting(EBM)has seen its promising potential in the fabrication of metal matrix composites(MMCs)components with complex geometries.In this work,WC_P/NiBSi MMCs were fabricated by EBM and plasma-transferred arc welding(PTAW)for a comparative study.The microstructures of both samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope(SEM)equipped with an electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)detector.The macrohardness was tested using a Rockwell hardness method(Type C),while the microhardness was measured using different loadings(0.5-1.0 N)based on different phases.The anti-abrasion performance was tested as per the ASTM G105 standard.The corrosion behavior of the MMCs was also assessed by potentiodynamic polarization.The results indicate that the EBM bulk and the PTAW cladding MMCs exhibit different microstructures due to the different local solidification conditions.This is believed to lead to the varied mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the MMCs,and the possible mechanisms were also discussed.     

Effects of particle arrangement and particle damage on the mechanical response of metal matrix nanocomposites: A numerical analysis

The spatial distribution of reinforcement particles has a significant effect on the mechanical response and damage evolution of metal matrix composites (MMCs). It is observed that particle clustering leads to higher flow stress, earlier particle damage, as well as lower overall failure strain. In recent years, experimental studies have shown that reducing the size of particles to the nanoscale dramatically increases the mechanical strength of MMCs even at low particle volume fractions. However, the effects of particle distribution and particle damage on the mechanical response of these metal matrix nanocomposites, which may be different from that observed in normal MMCs, has not been widely explored. In this paper, these effects are investigated numerically using plane strain discrete dislocation simulations. The results show that non-clustered random and highly clustered particle arrangements result in the highest and lowest flow stress, respectively. The effect of particle fracture on the overall response of the nanocomposite is also more significant for non-clustered random and mildly clustered particle arrangements, in which particle damage begins earlier and the fraction of damaged particles is higher, compared to regular rectangular and highly clustered arrangements.     

Microstructure and grain growth behavior of an aluminum alloy metal matrix composite processed by disintegrated melt deposition

In this study, a silicon-carbide particulate (SiC_p), reinforced aluminum alloy-based, metal-matrix composite was synthesized using disintegrated melt deposition. Microstructural characterization of the disintegrated melt deposition processed composite samples revealed the presence of columnar-equiaxed shaped grain structure, noninterconnected porosity associated with the reinforcing carbide particulates, improved interfacial integrity between the reinforcement and the aluminum alloy matrix coupled, and a near uniform distribution of the reinforcing SiC particulates in the alloy matrix. An examination of grain growth with the objective of delineating the effects of the silicon carbide particulates revealed a diminishing to minimal role of the reinforcing phase with an increase in temperature from 450 to 590 °C.     

Microstructure and tribological behaviour of nano-structured metal matrix composite boride coatings synthesized by combined laser and sol-gel technology

Hard nano-structured metal matrix composite (MMC) boride coatings have been synthesized by laser melting of pre-placed powder mixture paste of B₄C + sol-gel derived nano-particulate TiO₂ on AISI 1050 (EN43) medium carbon steel and AISI 316L stainless steel substrates. Different coating/processing gas conditions were employed to understand the influence of graphite and nitrogen gas interactions with the coating material at high temperatures. Laser synthesized coatings were characterized by SEM, EDX, FEGSEM, XRD and HRTEM. Results show that it is possible to synthesize nano-structured MMC coatings (with TiB₂ and TiB particulates in the ranges of 5-10 nm, 20 nm and 200-500 nm) by employing the combined laser and sol-gel route. Nano-particulate and sub-micron level TiB and TiB₂ are found dispersed throughout the metal matrix. Other borides and carbides are present in micro-level patches dispersed in a eutectic matrix. Hardness of the composite coatings is in the range 800-2000 HV_0.1. The minimum coefficient of sliding friction obtained in a pin-on-disc set-up was 0.35 (against cemented tungsten carbide) while wear rates (against diamond) were substantially improved (up to 5 fold reduction) over that of the substrates.     

SiC/MoSi_2纳米复合材料的显微结构与力学性能

以Mo、Si和聚碳硅烷为原料,采用先驱体转化-反应热压制备SiC/MoSi_2纳米复合材料,并研究纳米SiC体积分数对材料显微结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明,所制备的纳米复合材料中含有MoSi_2、SiC和极少量的Mo_5Si_3及SiO_2.纳米SiC的引入显著地改善了材料的力学性能,15%SiC/MoSi_2纳米复合材料的综合力学性能最好,其室温抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为610 MPa和4.90 MPa/m~(1/2),比纯MoSi_2试样的分别增加了141.1%和58.0%;其高温抗弯强度在1 200和1 300 ℃时分别为720和516 MPa.     

氩弧熔敷原位自生TiC_p/Ni60A金属基复合材料涂层的组织与性能

以Ni60A、Ti粉和C粉为原料,采用氩弧熔敷技术,在45钢表面原位合成了TiC增强Ni基复合材料涂层.借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计对复合涂层的组织和性能进行了分析.结果表明,熔敷层与基体呈冶金结合,无裂纹、无气孔等缺陷;熔敷层的组织由γ-Ni、M23C6、TiC组成,TiC大部分旱块状,颗粒尺寸为1～1.5μm,均弥散分布于熔敷层中.     

Microstructure and damping behavior of SiCp/Gr/2024Al metal matrix composites by squeeze casting technology

SiCp/Gr/2024Al metal matrix composites were processed by squeeze casting technology. The microstructure of composites was observed by SEM and TEM, and the effects of graphite particulates and SiC particulates on the damping behaviors of composites were also investigated. The results show that the microstructure of composites was dense and homogeneous, without any interfacial reactivity among reinforcement/matrix interfaces. Compared with the damping capacity of 2024Al, the damping capacity of composites was enhanced significantly by addition of SiC or graphite particulates. The main damping mechanisms of SiCo/Al composites were ascribed to the dislocation damping, and those of SiCo/Gr/2024Al were attributed to the intrinsic damping and interface damping.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix composites with addition of bamboo leaf ash by stir casting method

Al-4.5%Cu alloy was used as a matrix at 2%, 4% and 6% of bamboo leaf ash (BLA) which was extruded from agro waste and was used as reinforcement. The composite which was fabricated by stir casting method possessed superior properties due to an effective bonding between matrix and reinforcement particles. The fabricated composite specimens were subjected to various tests to determine the mechanical properties such as density, porosity, hardness and tensile strength. The results were compared with basic matrix alloy. Furthermore, the OM, SEM with EDAX and XRD analyses were carried out to analyze the dispersion of the reinforced particles in the selected matrix alloy. It was observed that the homogeneous distribution of BLA particles in composites was intragranular in nature. Moreover, it was also observed that BLA particles were well bonded with matrix alloy with clear interface. It was also found that the density decreased with increase in mass fraction of BLA particles and porosity increased with increase in mass fraction of BLA particles. The hardness and tensile strength were increased up to 4% of BLA in the composite, with a further increase in BLA content the hardness and tensile strength decreased.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thermally sprayed silica/nylon nanocomposites

High-velocity oxyfuel thermal spray processing was used to produce ceramic/polymer (silica/nylon) nanocomposite coatings. By optimizing spray parameters such as nozzle design, spray distance, oxygen-to-fuel ratio, powder feed position, and substrate cooling, dense coatings with relatively uniform particulate distribution could be achieved. Compared to pure nylon coatings, scratch resistance improved by 30 % and wear resistance by 50 %. The surface chemistry of the silica filler affected the final coating properties. Silica particles with a hydrophobic (methylated) surface resulted in better mechanical properties than those with a hydrophilic (hydroxylated) surface.     

Synthesis and study of electrochemical properties of nanocomposites with graphene-like particles integrated into a high-porosity carbon matrix

Carbon–carbon nanocomposite (CCNC) was synthesized by introducing a dispersion of reduced graphite oxide (RGO) into the reaction medium upon the synthesis of polymer with a conjugated bond system (polyvinylene), which is a product of alkaline dehydrochlorination of polyvinylchloride, followed by carbonization of the resulting adduct–RGO-polyvinylene. After activation of CCNC in the CO₂ environment (900°С) a high-porosity material (the specific BET surface is more than 1700 m²/g) with a developed volume of micro- and mesopores was obtained. According to electrochemical investigations, this material possesses a large capacity (100–200 F/g) and high performance, and, therefore, it can be applied in supercapacitor traction systems and for load leveling in electric power lines.