A systems framework for field training in school psychological services.

Describes a framework consisting of 3 concepts—service providers, service recipients, and service delivery process—that is seen as important to field-based training in several respects: It provides a systems perspective from which various roles and service functions of the school psychologist can be conceptualized; it allows for the coordination of effort among university trainers, field supervisors, and trainees toward the development and implementation of an individual field training program (ITP); and it requires systematic evaluation of the ITP as a basis for the planning of additional training experiences. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validation of an information-processing-based test battery for the prediction of handling accidents among petroleum-product transport drivers.

A validation study was conducted to determine if the selection of petroleum-product transport drivers could be improved. Based on anticipated problems with a postdictive field study, a laboratory simulation was conducted as a supplemental validation approach. For the lab study, an intensive job analysis was used to devise a computer-based simulation of the task. 60 Ss completed the simulation and a test battery that included measures of selective attention, field independence, and general cognitive ability. In the postdictive field study, 71 transport drivers completed measures of selective attention and field independence. Accident data was collected from company records. The only significant relationship was between driving accidents and selective attention. The results support the use of well-constructed simulations as an alternative validation strategy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Abnormality as a positive characteristic: The development and validation of a scale measuring need for uniqueness.

Defines need for uniqueness as a positive striving for abnormality relative to other people. Recent research regarding situational determinants of uniqueness motivation is described, and a dispositional individual-differences measure of need for uniqueness is presented. The development of the Uniqueness Scale aims at insuring construct validity as a guide for the item selection. The internal reliabilities, item-remainder coefficients, test–retest reliabilities, cross-validation information, factor analysis, and discriminant validation data are presented, and all meet the normal psychometric criteria expected of an individual-differences measure. Additionally, 8 separate validational studies, conducted with a total of 1,523 US and Israeli college students, are presented. (28 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What is responsible for the emergence of order and pattern in psychological systems?

Order and pattern abound in the natural world. However, whereas the emergence of order and pattern in physical or biological systems is typically explained by means of self-organization and field dynamics, the emergence of order and pattern in psychological systems is typically explained by means of mediating endogenous entities (such as representations or specialized brain areas) or mechanisms (such as motor or genetic programs). I review a self-organization and field-based approach to understanding order and patterns in a variety of physical and biological systems. I then provide a sketch of recent research that has applied such an approach to understanding order and pattern in psychological phenomena (including development, motor control, perception, cognition, and social behavior). Such an approach promises to reduce the explanatory burden associated with psychological phenomena and brings explanations of such phenomena into greater congruence with natural law. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality measurement, faking, and detection: An assessment method for use in personnel selection.

Usual methods for personality assessment have been found unsuitable for use in personnel selection contexts. An alternative method of item construction and of scoring key and detection scale development for personality inventories is proposed. Results of a double cross-validation study based on 456 male Ss using 3 newly developed forced-choice inventories indicate that (a) over 90% of the test performance can be correctly identified as self-report or faked, (b) mean score profiles under the 2 conditions for the 5 personality variables under study are virtually congruent and variances under the faking condition are uniformly smaller, (c) validities against peer-nomination criteria are in the moderate range for all 5 variables and (d) Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 reliabilities between .83 and .92 were obtained. (27 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Attitudes Test in Human Relations (ATHURE).

The development of a forced-choice form of a human relations attitude test is described. After item selection (and cross-validation of item selection) of four forms, test-retest reliabilities were computed following two administrations to new samples. None of the reliabilities was greater than .43. The reasons for this low reliability are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

锂离子电池用铜箔的应用与发展现状

作为锂离子电池关键材料之一的铜箔,其品质的优劣直接影响到锂离子电池的制作工艺和综合性能,已成为锂离子电池应用研究的热点.本文综述了铜箔在锂离子电池中的应用,及其对锂离子电池负极制作工艺和电池性能的影响,同时展望了锂离子电池用铜箔的发展趋势.     

Estimating the validity of cross-validity estimation.

Data from a validation study by the present authors (see record 1982-29432-001) were used to provide a field application of a formula-based estimation of cross-validity. The original study was based on sequential derivation (n?=?266) and cross-validation (n?=?359) samples of real estate students. Five formulas for estimating cross-validity were examined with respect to intuitive, component analytic, and empirical inventory development approaches. Findings suggest that compared with actual cross-validation, such formulas may overestimate shrinkage for inventories developed through rational strategies and may underestimate shrinkage for empirically derived inventories. Limitations on the generalizability of Monte Carlo investigations of shrinkage formulas are noted, and the generalizability of biodata research is discussed. (31 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Talonavicular arthrodesis for rheumatoid arthritis of the hindfoot

In recent years there has been an increased interest in the development of neuropsychological tests that can diagnose accurately brain damage. The most successful of these test are represented in the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery, which has been shown to be 90% or more effective in the diagnosis of brain damage. However, this battery is not available to many psychologists or clients because of its length, cost, and the considerable background required to use it properly. The present study tested 121 Ss (30 normal, 91 brain-damaged) to develop an abbreviated version of the battery that is relatively brief (1 hour) and inexpensive, but accurate. It was found by discriminant analysis that the abbreviated battery is capable of diagnosing brain damage equally as well as the full battery 93% of the time. The limitations and advantages of the abbreviated battery are discussed.     

Correlation between Cyclic Resistance and Shear-Wave Velocity for Providence Silts

As an alternative to a field-based liquefaction resistance approach, cyclic triaxial tests with bender elements were used to develop a new correlation between cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) and overburden stress-corrected shear-wave velocity (VS1) for two nonplastic silts obtained from Providence, Rhode Island. Samples of natural nonplastic silt were recovered by block sampling and from geotechnical borings/split-spoon sampling. The data show that the correlation is independent of the soils’ stress history as well as the method used to prepare the silt for cyclic testing. The laboratory results indicate that using the existing field-based CRR-VS1 correlations will significantly overestimate the cyclic resistance of the Providence silts. The strong dependency of the CRR-VS1 curves on soil type also suggests the necessity of developing silt-specific liquefaction resistance curves from laboratory cyclic tests performed on reconstituted samples.     

Materials requirements for high performance secondary batteries

A review is presented of the materials problems in secondary battery systems that show promise for use as power sources for vehicle propulsion and as stationary energy storage devices for utility application. Materials for ambient-temperature batteries are reviewed briefly, and those for two advanced systems, namely, sodium/sulfur and lithium/metal sul-fide, are described more fully. In both systems, the severe corrosiveness of the cell en-vironment, the high temperature of operation and the requirements of low cost and weight place demanding restrictions on materials of construction. Materials development efforts in Argonne National Laboratory’s lithium/metal sulfide battery program are discussed in terms of the individual cell components (electrical feedthroughs, electrode separators, electrode current collectors and cell housings). The materials selection process is de-scribed, experimental data on compatibility tests are presented, and the current status of the materials development effort is summarized. This paper is based on a presentation made at a symposium on “Materials Re-quirements for Unconventional Energy Systems” held at the Niagara Falls meeting of The Metallurgical Society of AIME, September 22, 1976, under the sponsorship of Non-Ferrous Metals and Ferrous Metals Committees.     

Prediction of rehabilitation outcomes from psychometric parameters in left hemiplegics.

To test the proposition that an intake, multivariate battery of 42 psychometric predictors can predict duration of stay in rehabilitation and competence in ambulation and self-care, multiple-regression equations were computed for 54 Ss with left hemiplegia, and their retrospective outcome scores were highly accurately predicted. To reduce administration cost, redundant information was deleted. A compact battery of 27 variables was thus obtained, and the program was repeated. Resulting multiple correlations and predictive accuracy were only slightly less than those arrived at with the full battery. A cross-validation study on 15 new Ss yielded essentially identical results. It is concluded that the prediction of outcomes from psychometric measures, taken at the initiation of the rehabilitation program is highly feasible. (24 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于融合模型的锂离子电池荷电状态在线估计

针对锂离子电池荷电状态（Stage of charge,SOC）在线估计精度不高,等效电路模型法估计精度与模型复杂度相矛盾的问题,本文对扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行了改进,并以电池工作电压、电流为输入,对应等效电路模型法的SOC估计误差为输出,采用极限学习机算法,建立基于输入输出数据的SOC估计误差预测模型,采用物理–数据融合方法,基于误差预测模型,建立了等效电路模型法结合极限学习机的锂离子电池SOC在线估计模型。仿真结果表明,改进扩展卡尔曼滤波算法提高了算法的估计精度,而物理–数据融合的锂离子电池SOC在线估计模型减小了由电压、电流测量所引入的估计误差,克服了等效电路模型法估计精度与模型复杂度之间相矛盾的问题,进一步提高了SOC的估计精度,满足估计误差不超过5%的应用需求。      

机器学习在非晶合金开发中的应用

在材料科学过去几十年的发展过程中,经验试错法和基于密度泛函理论的方法等传统的非晶合金开发方法,帮助研发人员探索出多种非晶合金体系。但是,这些方法由于开发周期长、效率低等缺点,目前已难以满足研发人员的需求。而机器学习方法因其实验成本低、性能强大以及开发周期短等优点,被越来越广泛地应用到非晶合金材料的设计、分析和性能预测中。本文首先按照机器学习建模的主要流程阐述了各步骤的基本操作和发展情况。其次,着重介绍了数据预处理、模型构建以及模型验证方面的研究工作,在数据预处理章节,简述了数据收集、特征工程以及目前较为流行的数据预采样方法;在模型构建章节,论述了四类在非晶合金开发中常用的机器学习算法,包括人工神经网络、支持向量机、随机森林以及极端梯度提升方法;在模型验证章节,主要介绍了K折交叉验证和留一法交叉验证方法。最后,本文从多个角度对比分析了现有的机器学习应用,为后续的相关研究提供了可能的研究方向和思路。     

System for In-Service Strain Monitoring of Ordinary Bridges

An in-service bridge monitoring system (ISBMS) has been developed to provide near real-time web-based monitoring of live load strains in a bridge. The monitoring system is small, battery operated, can be rapidly deployed, and is programmed and interrogated via a user-friendly web interface. The ISBMS has been designed to be portable and used on an “as-needed” basis as a diagnostic tool or for health monitoring of ordinary bridges. The system is based on a small single-board computer with analog inputs; it also includes a cellular digital packet data modem for communication via the existing cellular network. Strains are measured using either a full bridge strain transducer or a quarter bridge foil strain gauge. The system has three modes of operation; The peaks program records peak live load strains that exceed a specified threshold, the time history program captures dynamic waveforms that exceed a specified threshold, and the rainflow program counts varying amplitude strain cycles. The selection and setup of the program, and retrieval of data is handled through a custom designed web interface. The system has been tested in the laboratory and in the field on a heavily traveled steel girder bridge. The data obtained from the ISBMS can be used for load rating using site specific data, fatigue investigations, monitoring bridge performance under permit loads, and as part of the biannual inspection of ordinary bridge.     

Prototypical MMPI factor scale profiles: Potential uses in assessment and selection.

Identified prototypical profiles on the factor scales of the MMPI using Q-type factor analysis for 2,021 psychiatric patients and 389 normal controls. The profiles characterized 73% of cross-validation samples of psychiatric patients and control. The prototypical profiles permit characterization of the entire factor score profile, just as the standard scale profiles are often categorized and interpreted in a configural fashion. Uses of these profiles for selection applications and personality interpretation are described, and it is concluded that they represent a reasonable basis for describing personality configurations based on the MMPI factor scales. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Coupled B-snake grids and constrained thin-plate splines for analysis of 2-D tissue deformations from tagged MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unique in its ability to noninvasively and selectively alter tissue magnetization and create tagged patterns within a deforming body such as the heart muscle. The resulting patterns define a time-varying curvilinear coordinate system on the tissue, which we track with coupled B-snake grids. B-spline bases provide local control of shape, compact representation, and parametric continuity. Efficient spline warps are proposed which warp an area in the plane such that two embedded snake grids obtained from two tagged frames are brought into registration, interpolating a dense displacement vector field. The reconstructed vector field adheres to the known displacement information at the intersections, forces corresponding snakes to be warped into one another, and for all other points in the plane, where no information is available, a C1 continuous vector field is interpolated. The implementation proposed in this paper improves on our previous variational-based implementation and generalizes warp methods to include biologically relevant contiguous open curves, in addition to standard landmark points. The methods are validated with a cardiac motion simulator, in addition to in-vivo tagging data sets.