Neither broken hearts nor broken bonds.

Comments on the M. Stroebe et al (see record 1993-05637-001) article concerning the retention and severance of bonds with a deceased person. Stroebe et al are criticized for their modernist representation of J. Bowlby's (1980) conception of grief, which essentially left Bowlby's true position of relational attachments virtually unrecognizable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to comments on the child-care debate.

Responds to comments by W. B. Johnson and D. Hayes (see record 1993-41125-001), J. E. Maddux (see record 1993-41129-001), K. McCarthey et al (see record 1993-41130-001), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Network (see record 1993-41132-001), and N. Shpancer (see record 1993-41138-001) on L. B. Silverstein's (see record 1992-05293-001) original article on child care and maternal employment, noting that the comments go a long way toward expanding the child-care debate, if not transforming it. Silverstein focuses on the role of psychology in policymaking and the responsibility of government in the lives of individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of age-extended norms for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Recent studies by R. J. Ivnik et al (see record 1993-04116-001), J. F. Malec et al (see record 1993-04120-001), and J. J. Ryan et al (see record 1991-08835-001) have provided age-extended norms for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R). The current study compared IQ scores based on these newer age-extended norms in 216 elderly Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Results showed that when the norms from Ryan et al were used, IQ scores were consistently the same as or higher than when WAIS—R manual norms were used. When the norms provided by Ivnik et al and Malec et al were used, IQ scores tended to be lower than WAIS—R manual norms for younger patients with more intellectual impairment. Results illustrate the importance of reporting the normative sample upon which IQ test scores for older adults are based and provide guidelines for selecting which set of age-extended WAIS—R norms to use with cognitively impaired elderly Ss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Substance use and AIDS: A reply to Fisher (1993).

Replies to the comment by D. G. Fisher (see record 1993-39094-001) on the authors' original article (see record 1992-36889-001) concerning the neglect of the substance abuse field by health care practitioners. H. J. Shaffer et al point out that nothing in their original article should be misconstrued as condoning or encouraging the use of psychoactive drugs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Data models, practical realities, and conceptual maps in clinical database design.

Comments on M. H. Burge's (see record 1993-03165-001) alternate model in response to the article by D. M. Todd et al (see record 1992-25001-001) on database management in clinical practice. Todd welcomes this suggestion and discusses reasons why a naturalistic clinical database cannot always satisfy the requirements of elegant data models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Occurrence versus moderation of the automatic attitude activation effect: Reply to Fazio.

In this reply to R. H. Fazio's (see record 1993-32136-001) commentary on the article by J. A. Bargh et al (see record 1992-33847-001), the main purposes and findings of that research are reviewed. This reply presents new data that replicates the original findings of J. A. Bargh et al regarding the conditions under which reliable moderation of automatic attitude activation by speed is more versus less likely. It also responds to the renditions of them by H. Fazio's and J. A. Bargh et al. This reply argues that automatic attitude activation is a pervasive phenomenon and that moderation by attitude speed may be a more limited tendency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comment on Putnam, Adams, and Schneider, 'One day test-retest reliability of neuropsychological tests in a personal injury case."

In an article in Psychological Assessment, S. H. Putnam et al (see record 1993-04124-001) presented a case study in which retesting by separate examiners over a brief time period yielded consistent results. Although Putnam et al raised a number of points that deserve attention, some of their suggestions about the relevance of their case to legal assessments seem to extend well beyond what their data and methodology justify, and they misrepresented D. Faust and J. Ziskin's (see record 1989-11643-001) views on psychology and law. The author discusses limits of the case study method and clarifies his views on the use of psychological evidence in the courtroom. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Effects of age and gender on perceived facial attractiveness": Reply.

Responds to comments by R. H. Bradshaw et al (see record 1995-01642-001) on B. McLellan and S. J. McKelvie's study (see record 1993-45212-001) investigating the effects of age and gender on attractiveness of photographs of faces. Although the major result of this study was a negative relationship between age and perceived attractiveness, the authors conclude that sociobiological theory received qualified support, with 4 out of 6 revised predictions confirmed. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Scanning and form-contingent color aftereffects.

G. K. Humphrey et al (see record 1994-28172-001) and J. Broerse and P. Grimbeek (see record 1994-28160-001) suggested that the form-contingent color aftereffect reported by S. Siegel et al (see record 1992-22207-001) would not be obtained if Ss were instructed to scan the induction and assessment forms. The authors present data from 10 adult Ss who were instructed to scan the forms. These scanning Ss displayed aftereffects that were no different from those described earlier by Siegel et al. Scanning Ss do display spatiotopic contingent color aftereffects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Guidelines for the treatment of depression in primary care" and the APA response.

Comments on the review by R. F. Mu?oz et al (see record 1994-31016-001) of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (1993) Depression in Primary Care guidelines, arguing that they were too tactful. It is contended that the guidelines are unfair to psychotherapy, and that Mu?oz et al exaggerate the value of medication and ECT and underestimate their dangers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Effects of marital interaction on chronic pain and disability: Examining the down side of social support": Comment.

Addresses perceived shortcomings in the analysis of D. C. Turk et al (see record 1993-34068-001) on the effects of family response on rate of pain behaviors and claims that Turk et al present an overly simplistic view of the operant model while failing to recognize the behavioral components of their own cognitive analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Accuracy and objectivity on behalf of the APA.

Responds to G. V. Barrett and S. B. Morris's (see record 1993-19875-001) comment on the article by S. T. Fiske et al (see record 1992-07509-001) praising the American Psychological Association's (APA's) amicus brief to the Supreme Court addressing gender stereotyping. The consensus of the experts in the area of gender stereotyping, which includes neither Barrett nor Morris, places their perspective as deviant. Barrett and Morris question a data base that is far broader than the illustrative studies cited in the brief. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Cognitive-behavioral therapy in geriatric depression": Reply to Riskind, Beck, and Steer.

Responds to the challenge by J. H. Riskind et al (see record 1986-12531-001) to the interpretation by J. L. Steuer et al (see record 1984-21146-001) that changes observed on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in depressed geriatric patients treated with cognitive-behavioral (CB) group psychotherapy did not demonstrate superiority for CB therapy over a psychodynamic approach. Riskind et al proposed that somatic items on the other rating instruments used might not be valid in geriatric patients and thus might render those scales less sensitive. Reanalyses of the psychotherapy data and data from a placebo-controlled study of tricyclic antidepressants by the present 3rd author et al (see record 1983-21474-001) did not support this assertion. Somatic items proved to be sensitive to change in both studies. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Sexual abuse, family environment, and psychological symptoms: On the validity of statistical control": Reply.

Responds to J. Briere and D. M. Elliott's (see record 1993-33737-001) comments regarding the M. R. Nash et al (see record 1993-33781-001) study. The investigation was in no way designed or presented as a causal analysis; covariance analysis is an acceptable means of identifying and controlling for important mediating variables. The authors cite some methodological and conceptual limitations of the survey study data base presented by Briere and Elliott. Finally, points of agreement with Briere and Elliott are noted, especially in the joint call for longitudinal, multimethod designs for examining pathogenic factors associated with a history of sexual abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some comments about cognitions as causal variables.

Notes problems with the position forwarded by I. S. Schonfeld (see record 1990-31203-001) that cognitive behaviors may play a role in antisocial behaviors. A longitudinal study by L. R. Huesmann et al (see record 1987-15097-001) is cited that is not consistent with Schonfeld's hypothesis but is consistent with the hypothesis presented by G. R. Patterson et al (see record 1989-26278-001) that achievement failures are the result of antisocial behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A rejoinder to Notarius.

Responds to C. I. Notarius's (see record 1984-11607-001) rebuttal of the present author's (see record 1984-11616-001) criticisms of a study by Notarius et al (see record 1983-05644-001) which supported the discharge model of the facial expressivity/physiological reactivity relationship. It is concluded that only when all data from the Notarius et al study are examined will one know what their results have shown. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What kind of a hypothesis is the distinction between episodic and semantic memory?

Responds to comments by G. McKoon et al (see record 1986-19143-001) regarding the present author's (1983; also see record 1985-03110-001) claims of a distinction between semantic and episodic memory by asserting that the hypothetico-deductive method of testing theories advocated by McKoon et al is not an appropriate procedure for evaluating the validity of classification according to learning and memory phenomena and processes. (73 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Effective dissemination of energy-related information: Applying social psychology and evaluation research": Rejoinder.

Responds to comments by E. S. Geller (see record 1992-37385-001) and P. B. Crabb (see record 1992-37381-001) on the M. L. Dennis et al (see record 1991-08669-001) review of social and behavioral science literature related to energy conservation (EC). The Dennis et al article was not an attempt to recommend a comprehensive EC policy but rather intended to show how prior research and experience could be used to make information more effective in producing changes in public behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Material risks and informed consent to psychotherapy.

The article by R. T. Hare-Mustin et al (see record 1979-26958-001) dealing with client rights and informed consent (IC) and the article by L. Everstine et al (see record 1980-31031-001) dealing with confidentiality and IC in psychotherapy articulate ethical concerns that have not received the amount of attention their importance deserves and requires. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

AHCPR depression guidelines: Countering misconceptions with more misconceptions?

Comments on the review by R. F. Mu?oz et al (see record 1994-31016-001) of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR, 1993) Depression in Primary Care guidelines. It is contended that in their critique of the guidelines, Mu?oz et al overgeneralized from research in other populations and ignored what literature there is concerning depression in primary care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)