化爆材料瞬态切削温度的NiCr/NiSi薄膜热电偶温度传感器的研制

针对化爆材料的切削特点,研制出一种集切削和测温功能于一体的NiCr／NiSi薄膜热电偶快速响应温度传感器。用多弧离子镀将NiCr/NiSi热电偶薄膜直接镀于高速钢刀头内。薄膜热电偶电极与高速钢之间采用最先进的多层镀膜法绝缘,即用微波ECR等离子体源增强射频反应非平衡磁控溅射技术首次成功在W18Cr4V高速钢基底上沉积绝缘性能良好的SiO2膜。对研制的薄膜热电偶温度传感器进行了静态和动态标定,结果表明传感器在0- 600℃测温范围内具有很好的线性和热稳定性,而且响应快,时间常数小于0．8 ms。热电偶薄膜与绝缘膜、绝缘膜与基体之间有足够的附着强度。该温度传感器已安装在现场使用,为国防工业部门的高效、安全生产提供了有力的保障。     

高精度铂电阻测温系统

普通四线制铂电阻测温系统受恒流源长短期漂移、导线热电动势影响,其测量准确度难以超过0.1℃量级。本文分析了一种改进型4线制高精度铂电阻测温方法的原理误差,并设计了相应的高精度铂电阻测温系统。采用温度系数小、阻值稳定性好的参考电阻作为铂电阻阻值测量基准,消除了恒流源长期漂移引起的铂电阻测温误差;分别在正、反向恒流激励条件下测量了铂电阻上的电压,利用导线热电势大小与方向的短期不变性,对得到的两电压量求差以消除导线热电势的影响;通过半导体致冷器（TEC）控制恒流源温度来减小恒流源的短期电流漂移,进而减小其对铂电阻测温精度的影响;设计了精度高、阶跃响应速度快的分时复用式电压信号采集单元用来高精度地测量铂电阻和参考电阻上电压量的比值。等效实验和校准实验结果表明,高精度铂电阻测温系统的测量稳定性优于0.005 ℃/10 day,测量分辨力优于0.005 ℃,测量准确度为0.02 ℃（k=2）,满足超精密激光干涉测量系统提出的高精度温度测量需求。     

高速铣削近α钛合金的切削温度研究

切削温度不仅直接影响刀具的磨损和耐用度,而且也影响工件的加工精度和已加工表面质量。由于钛合金导热性差和化学亲和性强等原因,通常在其切削加工时切削温度高、刀具磨损严重,致使切削速度难以进一步提高。本文重点对钛合金高速铣削时的切削温度进行试验研究,阐明夹丝半人工热电偶法测温原理和所测热电势信号的物理意义。试验选用了3种不同类型的硬质合金刀具,系统地研究了切削用量、冷却条件及刀具磨损等因素对近α钛合金高速铣削时切削温度的影响。     

高温高压条件下新型热电偶密封结构分析与研究

常用的高温高压热电偶是采用护套的安装方式,护套很厚使得温度测量的响应速度以及准确度大大降低。文章提出了一种新型的适用于高温高压管道的自紧式热电偶密封结构,该结构不需要使用保护护套,热电偶可直接与管道内介质接触,提高响应速度,减小测量误差。为验证该结构设计的合理性,通过有限元法对该结构进行了密封性和热应力的分析,计算结果表明该结构最少能够满足15MPa,350℃条件下使用的要求且不会发生密封螺纹的咬死问题。同时,对该结构试件进行了冷态以及热态验证试验。试验结果表明,该结构能够承受70MPa的冷态静压以及满足15MPa,344℃的运行环境要求。     

Temperature control system for laser heating: Application for minute asteroidal materials

A temperature control system for a laser heating has been developed to extract noble gases from minute material samples recovered from the asteroid Itokawa by the Hayabusa spacecraft. An ultra-fine thermocouple was produced from 3% Re–W and 26% Re–W wires 25 μm in diameter, and its electromotive force was calibrated. A temperature control program was originally produced using LabVIEW 2011 in which proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control was not adopted as an algorithm of the program. Particle samples smaller than 60 μm in diameter were set in conical depressions in a sample holder made of fused silica and irradiated by a slightly defocused Nd-YAG laser. The temperature of the samples was recorded by the thermocouple that passed through a small hole 50 μm in diameter because the sample and the thermocouple always came into contact during laser heating. The program controlled the temperature of the tiny samples appropriately. The average temperature during heating was slightly lower than the setting temperature and the standard deviation and the maximum overshoot were lower than 2.5% and 6.0% of the setting temperature, respectively. The performance of the temperature control system is high enough to conduct the stepwise heating experiment for minute extraterrestrial material samples.     

导通角对直线压缩机工作特性的影响

以基于LabVIEW的测量与控制系统为基础,研究了一种动磁式直线压缩机的位移、电压、启动特性.实验结果表明:在同一排气压力下,活塞行程和上死点位移随导通角的增大而变小;在直线电机线圈中产生的感应电动势在一定排气压力下,随导通角的增大而增大,其与电流的相位差随导通角的增大而增大;启动电流随导通角的增大而减小,控制系统应以大导通角启动,可防止撞缸现象.     

High-speed thermo-microscope for imaging thermal desorption phenomena

In this work, we describe a thermo-microscope imaging system that can be used to visualize atmospheric pressure thermal desorption phenomena at high heating rates and frame rates. This versatile and portable instrument is useful for studying events during rapid heating of organic particles on the microscopic scale. The system consists of a zoom lens coupled to a high-speed video camera that is focused on the surface of an aluminum nitride heating element. We leverage high-speed videography with oblique incidence microscopy along with forward and back-scattered illumination to capture vivid images of thermal desorption events during rapid heating of chemical compounds. In a typical experiment, particles of the material of interest are rapidly heated beyond their boiling point while the camera captures images at several thousand frames∕s. A data acquisition system, along with an embedded thermocouple and infrared pyrometer are used to measure the temperature of the heater surface. We demonstrate that, while a typical thermocouple lacks the response time to accurately measure temperature ramps that approach 150 °C∕s, it is possible to calibrate the system by using a combination of infrared pyrometry, melting point standards, and a thermocouple. Several examples of high explosives undergoing rapid thermal desorption are also presented.     

多通道智能热电偶测温模块的研制

火电厂的温度测量具有温度高且点数多的特点,目前普遍采用热电偶传感器来进行温度测量。文中介绍了一种应用于火电厂温度测量的多通道智能热电偶测温模块的具体研制方案。该测温模块具有3大优点:首先可同时测量16个通道的温度点,每个通道的温度点可配置8种不同类型的热电偶传感器;其次采用了带数字滤波功能的高精度模数转换器(AD),可以有效滤除工频干扰;最后通过外部标准电压源进行精度校准、冷端补偿与插值计算,提高了测温精度。     

PCD刀具高速铣削SiCp/Al复合材料切削温度试验研究

采用夹丝半人工热电偶法,在600- 1200m/min速度范围内对PCD刀具高速铣削SiCp/2009Al复合材料时的切削温度进行了研究,采用单接点热电偶快速标定装置对热电偶(SiCp/2009Al—康铜)测量的热电势进行了标定试验,获得了各种复合材料的温度标定曲线.研究结果表明,在本文试验条件下,铣削温度瞬时最高值可...     

微型热电发电器的性能测试分析

按照微型热电发电器输出功率的理论模型，对内阻、塞贝克系数和热导率等热电性能参数在不同温度范围内进行了测量和拟合。实验测试了不同电偶臂对数、电偶臂高度以及不同冷热端温度时微型热电发电器的最大输出功率，结果表明：一定范围内的最大输出功率随电偶臂高度的减小而增大，对电偶臂高度面积的比值进行适当选取，可使最大输出功率达到最优值；一定范围内的最大输出功率随电偶臂对数的增多而增大；温差和平均温度达到一定值时，最大输出功率可得到最优。根据测试分析结果，研制了微小型热电转换装置。     

温度仪表的选型与应用

温度仪表是工业生产过程中温度测量的重要仪表,主要有热电阻、热电偶、工业双金属温度计和温度变送器等几大类。本文主要介绍了热电阻和热电偶的精度、测量范围、和产品结构,详细介绍了不同部件的功能、不同类型保护管的适用工况、法兰安装时压力等级规格选定的注意事项,使用户能更好地完成选型,确保订货的正确性。     

基于模糊控制的感应钎焊金刚石系统研究

针对感应加热时强磁场干扰下热电偶热电势信号的特征，开发了相应的信号调理电路，并结合数字滤波技术获得了准确的热电势信号，利用LabWindows／CVI软件研制了基于模糊控制的感应钎焊金刚石温控系统。钎焊试验结果表明，该温控系统有较高的控制精度和鲁棒性，且具有较强的抗干扰能力，能准确实现预设的钎焊金刚石工艺曲线，利用该温控系统获得了有序排布的感应钎焊金刚石试样。     

Dynamic Calibration of the Cutting Temperature Sensor of NiCr/NiSi Thin-film Thermocouple

In high-speed cutting, natural thermocouple, artificial thermocouple and infrared radiation temperature measurement are usually adopted for measuring cutting temperature, but these methods have difficulty in measuring transient temperature accurately of cutting area on account of low response speed and limited cutting condition. In this paper, NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouples(TFTCs) are fabricated according to temperature characteristic of cutting area in high-speed cutting by means of advanced twinned mic...     

Real-time temperature measurement with fiber Bragg sensors in lithium batteries for safety usage

In this work, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are integrated in lithium batteries to measure temperature variations. In situ calibration of the FBG sensors against a co-located thermocouple shows a linear response. The thermal behavior of lithium batteries is real-time recorded by FBG sensors, during the batteries operation under normal and abnormal conditions. In spite of the small cathode mass and a low current, temperature variations of 0.1 °C are detected. The sensors also exhibit good thermal response to dynamic loading when compared with the thermocouple. The thermal stabilities of four kinds of cathode materials are estimated using FBGs testing results.     

电感式磨粒传感器磨感电动势提取方法

利用高频交流电对三线圈电感式传感器进行激励,由于互感的作用,感应线圈产生的互感电动势对磨粒通过时产生的磨感电动势信号产生干扰。利用互感原理建立了传感器的数学模型,提出磨感电动势概念,并分析了磨感电动势的产生机理。利用锁相放大技术建立了磨感电动势的提取方法模型并进行仿真研究。通过设计试验提取出磨感电动势信号,验证了所建模型的正确性,为该传感器的设计提供了参考。     

船用发动机重载工况下凸轮-滚轮副混合热弹流润滑分析

凸轮-滚轮副是大功率船用发动机配气机构的关键摩擦副,除受到弹簧力和自身的惯性力之外,还受到来自喷油器的极高燃油压力,工作条件极为苛刻。为了分析该摩擦副的性能,建立船用发动机重载工况下凸轮-滚轮副的混合热弹流润滑模型,计算燃油压力作用下的摩擦副油膜润滑、摩擦温升和磨损性能。结果表明：喷油器的燃油压力会显著降低凸轮-滚轮摩擦副之间的油膜厚度,同时产生较为严重的微凸体接触;随着环境温度的提高,凸轮-滚轮副的油膜厚度以及油膜温升会有所下降,而微凸体接触压力、摩擦力以及摩擦功率均会显著增加;滚轮打滑会造成凸轮-滚轮摩擦副的油膜厚度下降,同时导致油膜温升以及微凸体接触压力增大和并且致使表面磨损显著加剧。     

高性能热电偶温度测量模块设计

热电偶是热工测量中重要的传感器,热电偶温度测量模块在很多控制系统中被大量使用。介绍热电偶测温的原理,结合理论分析和EMC设计要点,设计出测量精度高、抗干扰性能强的海得PLC热电偶模块,并列出热电偶温度测量模块的性能指标。     

Feedforward compensation of back electromotive force for suppressing rotational motion errors in a magnetically levitated system

The magnetically levitated system, so called maglev system, has been researched and developed with the purpose of vacuum compatibility in the semiconductor industry. In the maglev system, the back electromotive force is inevitably generated when the system moves. The back electromotive force causes force/moment disturbances. Especially, the moment disturbances have negative effect on controlling the rotational motions (θ _x , θ _y , θ _z ) whose control bandwidth is low. Therefore, the back electromotive force causes rotational motion errors. The rotational motion errors should be suppressed since they prevent high speed motion of the maglev system due to the rotational motion allowance of sensors. The rotational motion errors are suppressed by compensating the back electromotive force. In this paper, the back electromotive force, the cause of the rotational motion errors, is mathematically found in terms of the mover velocity and element of force-current matrix. A maglev system without the compensation was simulated and the rotational motion errors due to back electromotive force were found. Then, a feedforward compensated system using a mathematically modeled back electromotive force was simulated. It was verified that the feedforward compensation method with the modeled equation could be useful for suppressing rotational motion errors.     

无垫片焊唇密封法兰螺栓载荷的分析与计算

分析了无垫片焊唇密封元件---焊环在承受介质压力载荷时的受力及径向位移状况;指出现行设计规定的螺栓载荷不能约束焊环的径向位移,焊环与法兰的连接焊缝承受了焊环的径向拉力;提出了由螺栓载荷平衡焊环与法兰之间静摩擦力和介质的压力载荷;并给出了螺栓载荷的计算方法。此外,还分析了高温下焊环与法兰存在热膨胀差时,焊环的受力及径向位移状况,提出了采用热当量压力计算螺栓载荷的方法。     

单片机的炭素焙烧窑多点温度监测系统

介绍以MCS-51单片机为核心,利用K型热电偶作温度传感器,用MAX6675热电偶温度数字传感器进行温度采集,对炭素焙烧窑中64点温度测量的系统。此系统通过485总线通信,将数据传输给工控机(IPC)。