1000kV避雷器动作负载试验研究

介绍了1 000 kV交流系统用避雷器的动作负载试验以及相关参数的确定.通过对1000 kV交流系统避雷器的动作负载试验验证,并对其结果分析,确定了1 000 kV交流系统用避雷器参数选择的合理性;通过试验研究,1 000kV避雷器的最大电位分布不均匀系数为1.096,小于1.15的规定值,其最大电流分布不均匀系数小于...     

对电力行业标准《交流输电线路用复合外套金属氧化物避雷器》(草稿)的建议—关于带串联间隙交流用复合外套MOA的动作负载试验方法

对电力行业标准《交流输电线路用复合外套避雷器》 (草稿 )中的带串联间隙的线路用复合避雷器本体的动作负载试验方法进行了分析 ,指出了其不足之处 ,并提出一种新的试验方法的建议 ,与日本同类试验方法比较 ,该方法考虑了冲击电流对金属氧化物电阻片的小电流伏安特性的影响。     

±800kV直流输电工程用避雷器动作负载试验方法研究

±800 kV直流输电工程中避雷器的运行工况不同于交流系统中的避雷器,其动作负载试验方法不同于交流系统用避雷器的动作负载试验方法。首先对CIGRE TC33/14.05标准中所列避雷器动作负载试验程序进行了分析。解决了高能放电试验回路、大电流冲击试验回路以及直流背靠背试验回路中的关键技术问题,并在实验室里建立了进行直流避雷器动作负载试验的装置。最后按照有显著持续运行电压的动作负载试验程序,利用所建立的试验装置和回路对±800 kV直流工程换流阀用避雷器进行了动作负载试验。     

电源SPD在线运行安全问题及解决方案

论述低压配电系统用SPD在线运行过程中可能出现的电气故障,及由此引发的其他安全问题,分析SPD的Uc值、通流容量、Up值的选取、SPD级间能量配合及产品选型时应注意的事项。     

高压直流输电系统换流阀保护用避雷器的参数选择及其动作负载试验方法的探讨

以长期工作电压及瞬时工作电压作用下ZnO阀片的工作特性和MOA的工作规律为依据,提出了选择阀避雷器参数的方法;从保证热稳定性的观点出发,提出了阀避雷器动作负载试验程序,并对试验中有关参数处理提出了看法.     

三相组合式过电压保护器动作负载试验方法分析

对于三相组合式带串联间隙过电压保护器,动作负载试验是其最为重要的试验之一,该试验通常是在保护器比例单元上进行。笔者根据新版标准JB/T 10609、GB/T 28182—2011以及国际标准IEC 60099-6对带内间隙避雷器动作负载试验的要求,对原有的试验设备进行了改造,阐述了试验回路的设计方案、试验回路原理及保护回路原理。结合典型的三相组合式带串联间隙保护器产品,对动作负载试验程序和方法进行了分析和研究,为新版标准实施后的动作负载试验提供试验范例和方法借鉴;提供并分析了老化试验数据和预备性试验数据,为标准的修订提供了参考。     

国产与日立氧化锌阀片加速老化试验及老化后的操作动作负载试验

介绍了采取提高ZnO阀片老化试验温度至135℃、老化时间缩短至160h的试验方法与IEC推荐的标准方法进行对比试验的概况与结果,结果表明二者具有非常近似的等效性.另外还介绍了老化后的阀片进行联合动作负载试验的概况与结果,并对结果进行了分析,     

限压型SPD能量配合中退耦电感参数选择的研究

针对实际工作中限压型SPD(电涌保护器)能量配合失效导致被保护设备经常损坏的问题.根据铁氧磁体材料μr(相对磁导率)的变化特点,通过大量的实验数据分析得出,线绕磁环的电感量为8μH时,当冲击电流大于5 kA即出现磁饱和现象,使能量配合失效;线绕磁环的电感量为40 μH时与5m导线退耦效果基本相同,继续增大电感值对两级分...     

无卤高阻燃型铝塑复合板在高层建筑外墙装饰应用上的防火安全性试验与材料应用研究

本文采用中等尺寸多层建筑燃烧试验方法（NFPA285）和高层楼房大型实体火灾的实景试验等新方法,取代传统的难燃级小型试验（GB/T8625）和单体燃烧SBI中型试验（GB/T20284）等试验方法,研究了无卤高阻燃填充芯料选作防火铝塑复合板芯材取代普通不阻燃聚乙烯芯村的防火特性差异,并从试验结果参数对其燃烧性能的影响进行了评价分析,因而对防火铝塑板在高层建筑幕墙装备上的材料选用有一定的指导意义。     

Simulation and the Future of Design Tools for Ecological Research

In sustainable terms, the complexity and inefficiencies of buildings present the most challenging environmental problem. Simulation remains the primary tool for the designer to develop intuitions and analysis of performance. As Azam Khan, Head of the Environment & Ergonomics Research Group at Autodesk, and Andrew Marsh, Senior Principal Engineer at Autodesk , explain, simulation can only be improved through the development of three key areas: more detailed modelling, building integration and by becoming indispensable to the design process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市热岛效应对我国不同气候区既有居住建筑采暖空调能耗的影响研究

选取严寒地区、寒冷地区、夏热冬冷地区和夏热冬暖地区的9个城市典型气象年数据为基准,采用TRNSYS对某实际居住建筑的采暖空调能耗进行了模拟计算。结果表明：同一个气候区的居住建筑采暖能耗降低率与热岛强度呈现出良好的线性关系,空调能耗的增加率与热岛强度的线性关系则不明显。夏热冬暖地区,居住建筑仅为空调能耗,受热岛效应影响总能耗增长率约为8.55%/0.5℃;夏热冬冷地区,热岛效应带来的空调能耗增加和采暖能耗降低相差不大,总能耗基本保持不变;严寒和寒冷地区,居住建筑以采暖能耗为主,受热岛效应影响总能耗降低率分别约为1.74%/0.5℃和2.97%/0.5℃。     

Designing for a Lifetime in New York and Other US Cities

In the next 30 years, the number of senior citizens in the US will increase to become larger than any other single age group. How are cities starting to prepare for this huge expansion in the numbers of over-65s? Jerry Maltz and Christine Hunter of the Design for Aging Committee of the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIANY), aided by Eric Cohen and Susan Wright , describe how New York and other US cities are laying the necessary groundwork through the World Health Organization's Age-Friendly Cities programme, while also setting up innovative centres for senior citizens, making much-needed modifications to the physical environment and developing new approaches to affordable housing.     

Housing for the Elderly: The Changing Scenario in India

Like many other countries in the world, a rise in life expectancy means that India is now facing a sharp increase in the older population; a situation that is exacerbated by other social and economic changes such as urbanisation and the erosion of the extended family that leads to greater numbers of older people living alone. Here Radhika Vaidya , an architect and town planner based in Pune, and Anjali Raje , an executive director of the International Longevity Centre – India (ILC-I), combine their expert knowledge to profile the situation in India and to showcase some new housing solutions.     

Adaptive Knowledge in Architecture: A Few Notes on the Nature of Transdisciplinarity

New digital technologies allow unprecedented levels of collaboration across fields of expertise. The international transdisciplinary practice Open Source Architecture has been exploring the possibilities in this area for over ten years. Two of its cofounders, Aaron Sprecher and Chandler Ahrens , reflect on key related themes – intensity and extensity of information, and potentiality (or collaborative iteration) – through three of its projects.     

Drawing on Sand: Cities in the Making

Steven Velegrinis , Director of Urban Design for Perkins+Will in Dubai, and Guest-Editor George Katodrytis liken Gulf cities to the shifting sands that they sit upon. Showing urban development to be in a constant state of flux in the region, they highlight four key eras in the unprecedented rapid development of these cities.     

Financial and energy impacts of compact fluorescent light bulbs in a rural setting

Within the context of a national campaign to replace GLS with CFLs, a pilot study was undertaken in Niha, Lebanon to replace around 1000 light bulbs. This paper reports on the detailed savings actually obtained by this project. Energy savings were found to be 8.3%. The obtained savings were lower than the theoretical savings expected mainly due to apparent lower time of use than expected prompting a more moderate advertised yearly savings. The beneficiaries’ attitude towards CFLs was assessed and the results indicate a general satisfaction and willingness to purchase CFLs. One major drawback has been the dissatisfaction with light intensity. The impact of the campaign on other village residents was assessed and the campaign was successful in convincing one third of the population to install CFLs and two thirds said that they intend to buy CFLs in the future. A new approach in the campaign for CFL promotion is suggested.