应力对Ni_3Al合金氧化行为的影响

加载氧化试验表明:Ni3Al合金表层氧化物在加载时以NiO为主,不加载氧化时以Al2O3为主。本文讨论了这一现象对Ni3Al氧化环境敏感脆化的影响,并通过在热力学分析中引入氧化体积变化对这一现象的本质进行了探索。     

CORRELATION BETWEEN OXIDATION BEHAVIOUR AND BORON CONTENT IN Ni_3Al3

The effect of boron content(0 to 2.22 at.-% )on isothermal oxidation behaviour of Ni_3Al at750 to 1150℃ for 3 to 100 h has been studied.The results show that the isothermal oxidationkinetics of Ni_3Al with various B contents at different temperatures obeys the parabolic law.The compounds with 0.52 to 1.37 at.-%B show the best oxidation resistance.The morphologyand microstructure of the scales have also been investigated.     

应力对Ni3Al合金表面氧化膜成分的影响

研究了Ｎｉ－２３Ａｌ－０．５Ｚｒ－０．１Ｂ和Ｎｉ－１７Ａｌ－８Ｃｒ－０．５Ｚｒ－０．１Ｂ（ａｔ．－％）在应力作用下表面氧化成分的变化。结果表明，在拉应力作用下氧化膜中的Ｎｉ含量明显增加。分析和计算发现由于Ｎｉ和Ａｌ具有不同的氧化体积膨胀，在拉应力作用下Ｎｉ在氧化表层的富集可以减小氧化表面的弹性形变能，降低体系自由能。     

晶粒尺寸对含Zr的Ni_3Al合金氧化行为的影响

研究了Ｎｉ－１１，８２Ａｌ－１．０３Ｚｒ－０．１Ｂ（ｗｔ－％）合金晶粒尺寸为３０和１８０μｍ两种组织结构试样，在９００和１１００℃静态空气中的等温氧化行为．发现，当氧化温度为９００℃时，氧化速率随晶粒尺寸减小而减小，而在１１００℃，二者氧化速率几乎没有区别．利用ＥＰＭＡ，ＸＲＤ分析了氧化产物，证明两种试样的氧化膜相成分与结构，均由ＮｉＯ外层和Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３，ＮｉＡｌ_２Ｏ_４内层组成．但氧化膜／合金界面形貌显著不同．９００℃氧化膜与合金界面呈平滑的波浪型，而１１００℃界面出现树根状突出氧化物伸入到合金表层内部．对上述实验结果作了理论分析，认为前一结果为合金晶界快速短路扩散传质所致、而后一现象与合金晶粒尺寸关系较小，起决定作用的为活性元素Ｚｒ的“反应元素效应（ＲＥＥ）”．     

Ni3Al含量对热爆合成Ni3Al／TiC复合材料的影响

研究了Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｎｉ－Ａｌ系统的燃烧合成过程。热爆的发生首先取决于升温速度，其次取决于系统的热放量，产物的密实度也随Ｎｉ３Ａｌ含量变化，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的质量分数为４０％时达到最大值，借助ＳＥＭ分析了Ｎｉ３Ａｌ含量对产物显微结构的影响。     

合金元素对Ni3Al合金抗汽蚀性能的影响

研究了Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金中ＡＬ,Ｃｒ,Ｆｅ以及Ｍｏ含量对该合金的抗汽蚀性能的影响,结果表明含６％－９％Ａｌ,８％Ｃｒ并用Ｚｒ,Ｂ韧化的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ基合金具有优良的抗汽蚀性能,Ｍｏ和Ｆｅ元素的加入使抗汽蚀性能有一降低２,但仍不失为较好的抗汽蚀材料。     

OXIDATION BEHAVIOR OF Ni_3Al AND NiAl ALLOYS CONTAINING Fe ADDITIONS

ＯＸＩＤＡＴＩＯＮＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＲＯＦＮｉ_３ＡｌＡＮＤＮｉＡｌＡＬＬＯＹＳＣＯＮＴＡＩＮＩＮＧＦｅＡＤＤＩＴＩＯＮＳＪ．Ｔ．Ｇｕｏ;Ｓ．Ｈ．Ｗａｎｇ;Ｈ．Ｌｉ;Ｗ．Ｈ．ＬａｉａｎｄＭ．Ｈ．Ｔａｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭｅｔａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ,Ｃ?..     

Fe_3Al和FeAl合金的高温氧化行为

研究了含Nb、Nb和Cr的Fe_3Al合金,含Zr的FeAl合金在1050℃的氧化行为。结果表明Fe_3Al和FeAl合金氧化增重均符合抛物线规律。对于Fe_3Al合金,氧化层由Al_2O_3和Fe_2O_3组成;加入少量Nb,增加了氧化层的粘附性,从而改善合金的抗氧化性。对FeAl合金,氧化层为Al_2O_3;Zr的加入,虽然引起合金的内氧化,但却提高Al_2O_3的粘附性。     

INVESTIGATION OF BEHAVIOUR OF B IN Ni_3Al ALLOYS BY POSITRON ANNIHILATION TECHNIQUE

The behuviour of B atoms added to mono-and poly-crystalline Ni_3AI alloys has been investi-gated hy positron annihilation technique(PA T).If the additive of B was less than 1.37 at-%,some of B atoms solid-solutioned interstitially into matrix and distorted the lattice,thus thelifetime (τ) of positron (e~+) Or matrix dilated:the others of them segregated on vacancy-likedefects and formed "filling effect",thus the mean lifetime (τ)and S parameters decreased.If Badded was increased up to 2.22 at-%,more defects having larger free volume were inducedby horide eutectic occurred along grain boundaries and grain interior,thus the τ invacancy-like defects.τ and S parameters increased remarkably.     

INFLUENCE OF Al ON DUCTILITY IMPROVEMENT BY B IN Ni_3Al ALLOYS

The “order-disorder” model was adopted to calculate the lattice vacancies related to the com- position change in Ni_3Al alloys.A great deal of vacancies,i.e.,the non-stoichiometric vacan- cies,may exist in the Ni_3Al alloys containing Al over stoichiometry,i.e.25 at.-%.This was confirmed by the positron annihilation technique.Therefore,the influence of Al content on the enhancing behaviour of B towards the ductility of Ni_3Al alloys can be understood by the interaction of non-stoiehiometric vacancies and B atoms.     

EFFECT OF Zr ON DUCTILITY OF CAST Ni_3 Al-BASE ALLOYS

Many compressive and tensile tests showed that the room temperature ductility of boron-freeNi_3Al alloy may be markedly improved by a moderate addition of Zr.The ductility of thestoichiometric Ni_3Al and even slightly enriched with Al,may be improved fairly between 400—600℃,which behaves much better if Zr is added together with B.However,the high tem-perature ductility of Ni_3Al alloys containing Cr may be significantly increased by Zr whichsegregates slightly along grain boundaries.Thus,the toughening mechanism of Zr alloyingseems to be different from that of B addition.     

Ni3Al中Al含量对硼韧化作用的影响

本文利用“有序—无序”模型对Ni_3Al中的点阵空位与成分的关系进行了计算,结果证明,当Al含量超过化学计量值时,Ni_2Al中有大量的点阵空位存在,称之非化学计量空位。正电子湮没技术证实了这种空位的存在。由此解释了Al含量对硼韧化作用的影响。     

CORRELATION BETWEEN OXIDATION BEHAVIOUR AND BORON CONTENT IN Ni_3Al

本文研究了含硼量为0-2.22at.-％的Ni_3Al在750-1150℃和3-100h条件下的氧化行为。结果表明,不同硼含量的Ni_3Al合金在不同温度下的氧化动力学曲线基本都符合抛物线规律。硼含量在0.52-1.37at。-％时抗氧化性能最好。研究了氧化膜的形态与结构。0-1.37at.-％B的Ni_3Al合金,表面形成以Al_2O_3为主的氧化膜,并含有少量NiO和NiAl_2O_4,含有2.22at.-％B的Ni_3Al合金,表面生成复杂的硼氧化物,破坏Al_2O_3膜的完整性,抗氧化性最差。但无硼合金中,NiAl_2O_4的含量最高,并在试样冷却过程中几乎全部剥离。     

Zr对铸造Ni3Al合金塑性的影响

大量压缩和拉伸实验表明:在无硼Ni_3Al合金中加入适量的Zr可使其具有较好的室温塑性,Zr对Ni_3Al合金的韧化作用并不局限于富Ni的Ni_3Al合金,对Al含量略高于化学计量成分的Ni_3Al也有一定的韧化作用,而且Zr在晶界仅略有偏聚,因此,可以认为Zr对Ni_3Al合金的韧化机理与硼不同,Zr对改善中温脆性和提高高温塑性也都具有一定的效果     

Zr,Cr和B对Ni3Al合金组织和力学性能的影响

本文研究了含Zr(0—0.6at.-％),Cr(0—7.7at.-％)和B(0—2.22at.-％)的Ni_3Al合金的组织和室温至1050℃拉伸性能。结果表明,Ni_3Al合金的屈服强度随温度升高而增加,表现出反常的温度关系。到达峰值后,随温度升高,屈服强度降低。Zr和Zr+Cr在整个试验温度范围都增加Ni_3Al合金的屈服强度,并改善高温抗张强度和塑性。硼增加Ni_3Al合金的抗张强度和屈服强度,同时改善塑性。但当硼含量超过1.37at.-％时,则降低强度和塑性。当硼含量超过溶解度极限时,Ni_3Al合金中形成岛状和球状的Ni_(20)Al_3B_6和Ni_3Al的共晶组织,对强度和塑性都是有害的。     

EFFECT OF Zr,Cr AND B ADDITIVES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Ni_3Al ALLOYS

The microstructure and the mechanical properties from room temperature up to 1050℃ ofNi_3Al alloys containing 0—0.6 at.-%Zr,0—7.7 at.-%Cr and 0—2.22 at.-%B have beenstudied.It was found that the temperature dependence of their yield strength variation revealsto be anomalous,i.e.the strength increases with the temperature raising,and then decreasestill it surpassed the peak value.Both Zr and Zr+Cr may improve the yield strength of the al-loys in the entire range of testing temperatures,as well as the tensile strength and elongationunder high temperatures.B is favourable to raise the tensile and yield strengths of the alloys,and also plasticity.But the strength will reduce as B added is over 2.22 at.-%.TheNi_(20)Al_3B_6 and Ni_3Al eutectic mixture like islands and globes precipitated inside the grainsand along the grain bounderies,which are harmful to the strength and ductility,may beformed when the B content exceeds the limit of solubility.     

两种含硼Ni3Al合金的微观组织与力学性能

本文研究了两种不同硼含量Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金的微观组织、室温拉伸及高周疲劳性能，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（０．６ａｔ．－％Ｂ）合金为单相组织，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（１．０ａｔ．－％Ｂ）合金中除γ相外，还有微量共晶体，虽然Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（１．０Ｂ）的拉伸强度较Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（０．６Ｂ）的高，但在相同的循环应力水平下，后者的疲劳寿命显著高于前者的，疲劳断口观察表明两种合金的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展行为各不相同。     

CERIUM-INDUCED GRAIN BOUNDARY STRENGTHENING OF Ni_3Al ALLOYS

1.IntroductionSincel979,agreatdealofresearch{1-5]hasbeendirectedtowardshowtoimprovetheductilityofintermetalliccompoundNi3AIbecauseofitsspecialproperties.ThisaluminidewithanL12orderedcrystalstructurebelowtheperitectictemperature(1395"C)[']hasgoodhigh-temperaturepropertiesl2l5]andcorrosion.esista.ce[7].However,themainprob1emfOrNisAlasahigh-temperaturestrllcturalmaterialisitslowductilitvandbrittlenesswhenitisinthepolycrystallinefo.m[8].Thisbrittlenesseffectivelyhindersitsfabricationintousefll…     

Zr对Ni3Al晶界及力学性能的影响

对不同Ｚｒ含量Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的力学性能及晶界的研究结果表明：随Ｚｒ含量的增加，合金的屈服强度和抗张强度不断提高；当Ｚｒ≤０．７ａｔ．－％时，塑性随Ｚｒ含量的增加而提高；但Ｚｒ含量达１．２ａｔ．－％时，Ｚｒ的增塑效果下降．Ａｕｇｅｒ能谱分析表明：Ｚｒ在晶界有偏聚，偏聚因子约为３．断口观察显示：不含Ｚｒ或Ｚｒ含量为１．２ａｔ．－％的Ｎｉ－２４．０Ａｌ合金均为沿晶断裂，其余含Ｚｒ合金的断裂方式为穿晶、沿晶混合断裂．这表明：含Ｚｒ的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ塑性和Ｚｒ在晶界的偏聚有密切关系．     

Mg,Ca,Y,La和Ce在Ni3Al中的合金化行为

利用Ｘ射线衍射法确定了合金元素Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｙ，Ｌａ及Ｃｅ在Ｎｉ３Ａｌ中的合金化行为。结果表明，Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｙ，Ｌａ及Ｃｅ原子占据Ｎｉ３Ａｌ中的Ａｌ位，并按以下顺序增加Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的有序度：Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｙ和Ｌａ－Ｃｅ。随着合金元素含量的增加，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的点阵常数亦按Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｙ，Ｌａ－Ｃｅ的顺序呈线性增大。