超导托卡马克HT-7U磁体线圈模拟长样VPI及低温力学性能

主要通过与低温超导托卡马克HT-7U中磁体线圈同截面的长样的真空压力浸渍(VPI)实验，探索线圈进行一次成形真空压力浸渍工艺的可行性，掌握真空度和压力对浸渍的影响，为真实线圈的真空压力浸渍工艺提供经验，并对固化后的绝缘层取样进行低温力学性能测试。     

HT-7U纵场磁体的真空压力浸渍

主要通过模拟匝间流动试验、短样试验和长样试验等 ,探求低温超导托卡马克HT 7U中纵场磁体线圈的绝缘层真空压力浸渍的工艺参数 ,确定工艺流程 ,并以模型线圈试验的电性能和液氦温度下的力学性能来验证工艺参数及工艺流程的可靠性。     

超导托卡马克HT-7U磁体线圈模拟长样真空压力浸渍及低温力学性能

主要通过与低温超导托卡马克HT-7U中磁体线圈同截面的长样的真空压力浸渍(VPI)实验,探索线圈进行一次成形VPI工艺的可行性,掌握压力对浸渍的影响,为真实线圈的VPI工艺提供经验,并对固化后的绝缘层取样进行低温力学性能测试。     

TU—7U纵场磁体的真空压力浸渍

主要通过模拟匝间流动试验、短样试验和长样试验等，探求低温超导托卡马克HT-7U中纵场磁体线圈的绝缘层真空压力浸渍的工艺参数，确定工艺流程，并以模型线圈试验的电性能和液氦温度下的力学性能来验证工艺参数及工艺流程的可靠性。     

EAST极向场中心螺管线圈VPI模具设计

介绍了全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置(EAST)极向场中心螺管线圈真空压力浸渍(VPI)模具的设计方法,叙述了模具的工作原理,对结构进行强度校核,给出计算结果.     

HT-7U超导磁体导体摩擦系数的测定

HT－7U超导托卡马克的纵场磁体（TF）和极向场磁体（PF）都将采用3.8K超临界氦迫流冷却的CICC（Cable in Conduit Conductor）。描述了HT－7U超导托卡马克CICC的摩擦阻力实验。实验采用常温的氮气作工质，雷诺数Re范围达到300－6000。利用Katheder经验公式对实验的摩擦阻力系数进行了重新拟合，它与经验公式的计算结果存在一定的误差。给出了适于测试导体摩擦阻力系数的经验公式，以及导体在工作状态下的摩擦阻力损失。     

ITER校正场线圈圆弧段真空压力浸渍充模数值模拟与实验

为优化国际热核聚变实验堆校正场线圈的真空压力浸渍工艺,对线圈圆弧段的充模过程进行了基于Darcy定律的数值模拟和工艺实验。对比了4种注胶方案的流动前沿和压力分布,确定了高效并能减少残留空隙的方案。优化的注胶口位置为沿长度方向1/4和3/4处,出胶口位置为沿长度方向两端和中间处。按优化工艺进行了试验,实测充模时间7.62×103 s,与模拟时间7.67×103 s接近。CT扫描显示试样内部被树脂完全填充,仅有少量空隙,大小约为100~200μm。试样绝缘性能优良,在10kV下漏电流小于1μA。试验结果表明了工艺模拟的可靠性,模拟方法可应用到整个线圈中,确定方案和技术参数。     

HT-7U超导托卡马克装置低温杜瓦的真空问题

分析了HT－7U大型全超导托卡马克装置低温杜瓦内的真空状况，对影响真空指标至关重要的磁体主机氦泄漏漏率作了计算，介绍了在试验杜瓦成功实现超导磁体正常运行的真空调试与检漏实践。     

真空浸渍技术及线圈的真空浸渍工艺

本文对真空浸渍的原理及应用作了一个简要的介绍，又着重对汽车发动机点火线圈的真空浸渍设备及工艺作了详细的阐述。     

电力电容器真空干燥及压力浸渍工艺与设备的研究

传统的电力电容器的生产工艺是将芯体元件卷绕后,先在真空干燥罐内进行加热和真空干燥,然后将芯体元件压装到电容器壳内,再在另一台真空压力浸渍罐内进行真空压力浸渍.一体式的真空干燥及真空压力浸渍工艺将上述两道工艺合二为一,在同一台真空罐内进行一体式的加热、真空干燥和真空压力浸渍.本文介绍了这一工艺的研究和设备的研制.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...