一种测定红花籽粕中5-羟色胺衍生物总量的方法

建立了一种以5-羟色胺硫酸肌酐为标准样品快速简便地测定红花籽粕5-羟色胺衍生物总量的方法。测定过程包括无水乙醚去油、甲醇回流提取5-羟色胺衍生物,再经过乙酸乙酯萃取,得到乙酸乙酯萃取物。根据5-羟色胺硫酸肌酐和Ehrlich试剂的反应来测定5-羟色胺衍生物的总量。得出的回归方程为y=0.0085 0.2213x。应用该法测定了4个样品,平均回收率为99.6%。实验表明该反应的选择性、重现性和对照性均好,操作方便,适用于5-羟色胺衍生物提取过程中的常规检测。     

红花籽粕中两种主要5-羟色胺衍生物分离纯化及NMR结构鉴定

本研究建立了红花籽粕中两种主要5-羟色胺衍生物的分离纯化方法及其HPLC检测方法.采用大孔吸附树脂、Lichrospher C18柱层析分离纯化两种化学成分,用HPLC-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR对其进行检测鉴定.结果表明,从红花籽粕的乙醇提取物中得到的两种单体分别为:N.阿魏酰5.羟色胺、N-(p-香豆酰)5-羟色胺,其HPLC-PAD归一化纯度分别为96.76%、90.29%.     

红花籽粕中苯丙烯酰5-羟色胺化合物的缩芯萃取模型

在Fick第一定律的基础上,建立了用60%乙醇溶液萃取红花籽苯丙烯酰5-羟色胺化合物的缩芯模型。利用试验数据对模型进行了验证求解,求得了萃取动力学方程,确定溶解的苯丙烯酰5-羟色胺化合物通过颗粒通道向颗粒表面扩散（内扩散）为控制速率步骤;采用此数学模型计算了原料粉碎度对萃取得率的影响。该模型适用于乙醇萃取红花籽柏苯丙烯酰5-羟色胺化合物过程的预测分析,为工艺设计和操作条件选择提供一定依据。     

红花籽苯丙烯酰5-羟色胺衍生物的微波辅助提取和组分分析

研究了微波辅助提取红花籽中苯丙烯酰5一羟色胺衍生物的工艺条件,采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用技术,对提取物进行了分析。通过单因素试验和正交试验,得出乙醇提取最佳工艺条件为：原料粒度20目、微波功率450W、回流温度65℃、微波辐射时间10min、液固比6：1（V/m）。在此条件下,得率达到1．36％,提取物纯度为43．91％。组分分析表明,微波辅助乙醇提取法可得到7种苯丙烯酰5-羟色胺衍生物,主要成分为阿魏酰-5-羟色胺、香豆酰-5-羟色胺。该法提取时间短,对苯丙烯酰5-羟色胺衍生物提取效率高,具有工业应用价值。     

红花籽粕蛋白质提取工艺优化

以红花籽粕为原料,采用超声波辅助碱溶酸沉法提取红花籽粕中的蛋白质,研究蛋白质提取的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在料液比1:35、超声波功率225 W、pH9.5、时间80 min、温度50℃的条件下,红花籽粕蛋白质提取率为88.12%。     

FAAS法测定红花籽及红花籽粕中的八种金属元素

为研究红花籽及副产物中的微量元素营养成分,本文拟用HNO3+HCl O4混合酸体系消化处理红花籽及红花籽粕样品,采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）测定样品中的钠、钾、钙、镁、锰、铁、铜、锌八种金属元素含量。结果显示,红花籽及红花籽粕中均含有丰富的微量元素,二者含量高低顺序均为K>Ca>Mg>Fe>Zn>Na>Mn>Cu。与红花籽相比,红花籽粕中的锌元素明显低于红花籽,其他七种元素含量均稍高于红花籽。该方法的加标回收率在91.2%¹07.4%之间,测定的相对标准偏差小于3.5%,线性相关系数均大于0.999,本法可用于红花籽及红花籽粕中八种金属元素含量的测定。      

响应面法优化红花籽粕蛋白质提取工艺

以榨油后的红花籽粕粉为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法对其蛋白质提取工艺进行了研究,通过单因素试验和响应面法确立了最佳的提取工艺参数。结果表明:因素影响顺序依次为pH值液料比提取时间提取温度。蛋白质提取优化工艺参数为pH值10.5、料液比1∶19.8、时间90min和提取温度25℃,红花籽粕蛋白质提取率可达29.7%。蛋白质提取回归模型高度显著(R2=0.9445),拟合性好,为生产红花籽粕蛋白质提供依据。     

红花籽粕氨基酸态氮酶法水解工艺优化

以红花籽粕为原料,探讨胰蛋白酶(parenzyme)、木瓜蛋白酶(papain)、枯草芽孢杆菌中性蛋白酶(bacillus subtilis neutral protease)3种商业酶水解红花籽粕中的氨基酸态氮并研究其最佳水解工艺条件。结果表明:胰蛋白酶parenzyme水解红花籽粕的正交试验优化条件为料液比1∶3(g/m L)、酶用量为2%、酶解温度为45~℃、酶作用时间3.0 h,此条件下水解红花籽粕中的氨基酸态氮含量达7.7%,木瓜蛋白酶papain水解红花籽粕的正交试验优化条件为料液比1∶3(g/m L)、酶用量为2.0%、酶解温度为55~℃、酶作用时间4.0 h,此条件下水解红花籽粕中的氨基酸态氮含量达8.2%,枯草芽孢杆菌中性蛋白酶bacillus subtilis neutral protease水解红花籽粕的正交试验优化条件为料液比1∶3(g/m L)、酶用量为2.0%、酶解温度为40~℃、酶作用时间4.0 h,此条件下水解红花籽粕中的氨基酸态氮含量达4.27%。     

红花籽粕酶解液蛋白饮料产品开发

以压榨提油后的红花籽粕为原料,经过酶法水解调配后开发饮料。通过单因素试验,进行调配,其结果表明:当酶解液与水的比例为4∶6(体积比),白砂糖的添加量为7%,柠檬酸的添加量为0.04%,卡拉胶添加量为0.04%,羧甲基纤维素钠(sodium salt of caboxy methyl cellulose,CMC-Na)添加量为0.1%,果胶的添加量为0.03%时,感官和稳定性最佳,饮料中可溶性固形物为8.125%,糖含量为7.436%,氨基酸含量为0.004 3%,蛋白质含量为5.68%。     

红花籽水解蛋白的精制

以水酶法制油工艺得到的红花籽水解蛋白为原料,对比了DA201-C、XAD1180N、D3520三种大孔吸附树脂对红花籽水解蛋白的静态吸附性能,并对其组成成分进行分析。结果表明:DA201-C树脂对水解蛋白吸附率与解吸率最高,能有效去除糖类等杂质;DA201-C树脂对水解蛋白的吸附平衡时间为2 h,吸附率为48.39%,体积分数70%乙醇解吸效果最好,解吸率为90.44%。经DA201-C树脂纯化后的水解蛋白,蛋白质含量提高了30.10%,脂肪含量降低了91.53%,糖含量降低了95.52%,色差L*值提高了11.63%,b*值降低了20.91%。     

红花红色素的抗氧化活性

从红花中提取了红花红色素,研究了该色素对超氧自由基、DPPH自由基的清除作用,以及对β 胡萝卜素 亚油酸氧化体系的抑制作用,以此来评价红花红色素的抗氧化能力.结果表明,红花红色素对超氧自由基和β 胡萝卜素 亚油酸氧化体系均有较明显的抑制作用.     

红花提取物抗氧化活性研究(英文)

本研究从红花提取物中分离并用质谱鉴定了四种黄色素。建立了一个快速测定红花提取物中黄色素的反相液相色谱方法,并对不同温度和时间加热对红花提取物中黄色素含量的影响及其动力学变化进行了研究。进一步采用清除DPPH自由基能力的方法测定红花提取物的抗氧化能力。结果显示随着温度的升高,红花提取物中黄色素的含量逐步减少,同时发现红花黄色素含量与其抗氧化能力有相关性。     

Thermal Stability of the Pigments Hydroxysafflor Yellow A, Safflor Yellow B, and Precarthamin from Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

ABSTRACT Three major yellow pigments were isolated from safflower petals ( Carthamus tinctorius ) and characterized as hydroxysafflor yellow A (1), safflor yellow B (2), and precarthamin (3) by ¹H-NMR, ¹H-¹H COSY, ¹³C-NMR, HMQC, and HMBC spectral analysis. Thermal degradation reactions of 3 yellow pigments 1 to 3 at temperatures of 70 to 90 °C were carried out at different pH levels within the range of 3.0 to 10.0 by UV-vis spectral measurements. First-order reaction kinetics was observed for the degradation of safflower yellow pigments (1 to 3) at pH 3.0 and 5.0. Activation energies of thermal degradation of 1-3 at pH 5.0 were calculated as 17.0, 15.4, and 20.1 kcal/mol, respectively. At neutral and alkaline conditions, yellow pigments 1-3 did not follow simple first-order kinetics.     

三种洋葱籽脂肪酸成分的对比研究

采用索氏提取法提取洋葱籽油脂肪酸,提取出的脂肪酸经甲酯化处理后用GC/MS法分析和鉴定其组成。三种洋葱籽油中共分离鉴定出23种脂肪酸,主要成分均为亚油酸、油酸和十六烷酸等,其中不饱和脂肪酸占总量的81.35%(白皮)、82.8%(红皮)和78.94%(黄皮)。结果表明,洋葱籽中不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,且亚油酸含量很高,将其开发成为药食两用功能性调味品,当具有良好应用前景。     

番荔枝籽中脂肪酸的提取和气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的:对番荔枝籽中的油脂进行提取和脂肪酸组成分析。方法:采用索氏提取法对番荔枝籽中的油脂进行提取,甲酯化后运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析和鉴定。结果:番荔枝籽油得率为(24.17±1.08)%,番荔枝籽油脂中含有16种脂肪酸,主要的脂肪酸为油酸(42.91%)、亚油酸(38.53%)、2,6,10,14-四甲基十五烷酸(15.43%)、十八碳三烯酸(1.33%)、花生油酸(1.27%)和十七烷酸(0.52%)等,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达82.77%以上。结论:番荔枝油脂富含不饱和脂肪酸,具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。     

Physicochemical and functional properties of a protein isolate produced from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) meal by ultrafiltration

BACKGROUND: The protein isolate obtained from safflower meal by aqueous extraction and ultrafiltration was evaluated for its physicochemical and functional properties. RESULTS: Protein, ash and moisture contents of the safflower protein isolate were 901, 51 and 45 g kg^?1 respectively. Its water and oil absorption capacities were 2.22 mL H₂O g^?1 protein and 2.77 mL oil g^?1 protein respectively. Least gelation concentration was 20 g kg^?1 at pH 2, 6, 8 and 10 but 100 g kg^?1 at pH 4. Emulsifying properties were also affected by the pH: emulsifying activity and emulsion stability at pH 6 were 82.5 and 100% respectively. The highest foaming capacity (126%) occurred at pH 2; however, it increased by 104% with the addition of 0.25 g glucose g^?1 protein to the foam system. CONCLUSION: In the light of its functional properties found in this study, safflower protein isolate produced by ultrafiltration is recommended for use as an ingredient in food products such as salad dressing, meat products, mayonnaise, cakes, ice cream and desserts. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optimisation of the extraction conditions of natural colourant carthamin from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) by response surface methodology

Alkali‐solution and acid‐isolation method (ASAI) and aqueous two‐phase system separation method (ATSS) have been reported to extract natural colourant carthamin from Carthamus tinctorius. In this study, these two methods were compared based on the optimisation results of extraction conditions by response surface methodology. In ASAI, the maximum extraction yield reached 0.779% at pH value of potassium carbonate solution of 11.16, ratio of potassium carbonate solution to raw material of fifteen and extraction time of 18 min, while 2.652% was achieved with concentration of acetone of 58%, ratio of acetone solution to raw material of twenty‐three and extraction time of 41 min in ATSS. From the point of view of extraction yield, ATSS had more superiority than ASAI. However, more pure carthamin was provided in ASAI according to HPLC assay. The obtained results in our experiments could be utilised for further researches of carthamin.     

Determination of Cu(II) in Beer by Derivative Potentiometric Stripping Analysis

Derivative Potentiometric‐Stripping Analysis (dPSA) is described as an inexpensive and rapid method for the determination of Cu(II) in beer. Beer samples were analysed directly after degassing and addition of the analytical reagents (hydrochloric acid, mercury(II) chloride, and potassium metabisulfite). It was not necessary to digest the sample. During dPSA the metal ions are deposited on a glassy carbon‐working electrode and then stripped by a suitable oxidant. Quantitative analysis was carried out by the method of standard additions. The recovery of the method was tested by adding 50 μg L^?1, 75 μg L^?1 and 100 μg L^?1 of Cu(II) (as Cu(II) chloride solution) to the beer. The mean recoveries of Cu(II) ranged from 95 ± 5% to 98 ± 2%. The reproducibility was evaluated by three repetitive analyses for each sample and the standard deviation ranged from 0.6 μg L^?1 to 5.5 μg L^?1. The detection limit was 0.8 μg L^?1. The Cu(II) concentration determined in seven beer samples ranged from 28 μg L^?1 to 48 μg L^?1 and the results obtained were not significantly different from those obtained by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).     

一种薏苡抗真菌蛋白的制备及抑菌活性研究

以薏苡(Coix chinensis)种子为实验材料,通过脱脂、水提、Resource S阳离子交换层析和Superdex 75凝胶排阻层析等步骤纯化得到一种新的抗真菌蛋白,并对其抑菌活性进行初步鉴定。SDS-PAGE分析显示该蛋白的分子质量约为28kD。抑菌活性鉴定表明,该蛋白对链格孢霉(Alternaria alternate)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma reesei)和白腐菌(Panus conchatus) 3株丝状真菌具有显著的生长抑制活性,并呈现出剂量依赖的特征。本研究建立分离薏苡28kD抗真菌蛋白的方法,制备方法简单易行,所得产品纯度达到95%以上。