含铌低合金钢板坯热送裂纹产生原因及控制

针对含铌低合金钢热装热送工艺中出现热送裂纹的现象,描述了裂纹及其金相组织形貌特征,分析认为裂纹产生的主要原因为两相区高温铸坯加热过程中产生的混晶组织恶化了其高温塑性.通过采用板坯表面淬火工艺,铸坯表面10 mm范围内温度可快速降低到690℃以下,实现含铌低合金钢的热装热送,显著降低生产成本.     

微钛固氮降低含铌钢皮下裂纹敏感性的机理

 降低含铌低合金钢铸坯的裂纹敏感性,是实现热装热送工艺的必要条件,采用超高温激光共聚焦显微镜(HT-CLSM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段研究了钛含量不同的含铌低合金钢(Q390、Q390GJD)高温铸坯的晶粒度及析出物特征,旨在揭示微钛固氮降低含铌钢皮下裂纹敏感性的机理。热力学计算与TEM检测结果表明,增加钢中钛质量分数(由0.010%上升到0.023%)提高了氮化钛粒子的析出温度(大于1 400 ℃),高温析出细小弥散的氮化钛粒子可钉扎奥氏体晶界,细化高温铸坯的晶粒度(由4级变成6.5级),晶粒尺寸降低了约44%,使高温铸坯的裂纹敏感性明显降低;氮化钛粒子优先析出固氮降低了铌碳氮化物、氮化铝的开始析出温度,并作为异质形核核心,抑制了铌、铝析出物在晶界析出概率,降低了析出物脆化晶界的危害。通过微钛固氮调控氮化物的析出温度、析出位置及细化晶粒的作用,有效降低了含铌钢第三脆性温度槽的宽度和深度,同时,高温抗拉强度提高了21.3%~27.5%,铸坯皮下裂纹发生率降低了80%以上。为了避免析出物的晶界链状析出导致含铌钢铸坯热装轧制裂纹,应将其钛质量分数控制在0.015%~0.020%的合理范围。     

低合金钢铸坯中NbC析出行为的二次冷却调控

针对含铌低合金钢中大颗粒NbC晶界析出及先共析铁素体膜诱导连铸坯裂纹的问题,利用Matlab建立凝固传热模型和优化二冷各段目标设定温度,反算改进连铸二次冷却水量,有效提高了NbC析出温度区间内的铸坯边部冷却速率及矫直前铸坯温度,增强了铸坯窄边在矫直区前的热塑性。研究表明：Q345钢中NbC在A_e3上温度区间(1 108～905℃)基本完全析出,在原有连铸二次冷却制度下,NbC析出区间的铸坯冷却速率低(4.33℃/s),难以避免大颗粒NbC在奥氏体晶界析出,而且连铸坯矫直前窄边温度低于相变A_e3温度,导致奥氏体晶界先共析铁素体膜的形成,二者共同诱导铸坯窄边裂纹的形成;通过二次冷却3～7段的目标温度及边部水量的调整计算,实现了铸坯窄边冷却速率达到5.92℃/s,有助于NbC细小弥散析出,同时铸坯窄边矫直前温度高于A_e3温度,避免了先共析铁素体膜的形成,可显著提高含铌低合金钢的热塑性,对控制CSP工艺下含铌低合金钢边部缺陷提供了理论参考。     

低合金钢连铸板坯高温延塑性研究

本文对系列低合金钢连铸坯的高温延塑性进行了测试研究，根据试样断口形貌、组织等的变化，。找出了电炉生产铌、钒微合金化钢的高温塑性特点，针对性地提出了解决电炉生产微合金化高强度钢铸坯表面横裂纹的措施。     

含铌低合金钢在武钢的研制与发展

回顾了含铌低合金钢在武钢研制开发的历史进程,总结了武钢铌微合金化技术近30年来的成功经验,介绍了武钢含铌管线用钢、桥梁用钢、压力容器用钢、工程机械用钢的研究与应用状况。此外,简要介绍了武钢生产装备水平逐年提高,促进含铌低合金钢综合性能大幅改善的情况。     

铌市场分析与预测

铌市场分析与预测北京有色金属研究总院冯景苏一、概述铌工业是６０年代初伴随着低合金钢的研究成功和巴西、加拿大丰富烧绿石资源的发现而大规模发展起来的。３０年来铌在钢铁、耐热合金、硬质合金、低温超导等领域得到了广泛的应用。近年来铌在高强度低合金钢中的消费占...     

铌微合金化小方坯生产工艺优化与实践

针对莱钢铌微合金化小方坯脱方、角裂质量状况,对铌合金化的强化作用、铸坯脱方的成因进行分析,查找连铸机工艺、设备存在的问题。通过采用高精度结晶器,优化二次冷却制度,降低钢水过热度,保障关键设备功能精度,铸坯冷却均匀性得到显著改善,有效解决了铌微合金化钢种小方坯脱方、角裂。     

铌对高强度低合金钢的组织和强化机制的影响

研究了铌的质量分数分别为0.021%、0.081%和0.17%的高强低合金钢热轧态的组织和力学性能,并通过计算分析了3种钢的强化机制.研究结果表明,铌含量的提高抑制了珠光体的形成,促进了针状铁素体的形成,细小的碳氮化铌析出相增多;随铌含量的增加,细晶强化作用差别不大,沉淀强化效果明显增大.     

鞍钢含钒低合金钢研制概况及今后发展设想

前言目前,世界各国钒、钛、铌微合金化钢发展很快,已成为低合金钢发展的一个重要途径。由于钒、钛、铌是我国富有的合金元素,我国从1959年就开始应用钒、钛、铌研制低合金钢新钢号,目前已取得了可喜的成果,有了一个良好的开端,今后应该加快发展速度。过去,低合金钢发展主要是靠锰、硅等固溶强化途径达到的。由于固溶强化的潜力有限,不得不提高碳的含量,因此恶     

安钢低合金钢板延伸率不合的原因分析及对策

针对低合金钢板延伸率不合问题,采用低倍检验、金相分析、扫描电镜等手段对不合钢板及铸坯的组织和断口形貌进行分析研究,结果表明,引起低合金钢板延伸率不合的根本原因是铸坯的成分偏析导致粒状贝氏体硬相组织、条状MnS夹杂物和中间裂纹。通过采取相应措施,改善了铸坯内部质量,提高了低合金钢板的延伸率。     

低合金钢连铸工艺研究

研究了连铸低合金钢的拉速、二冷配水，结晶器保护渣，结晶器喂稀土丝等工艺，解决了低合金钢连铸工艺容易拉生铸坯表面裂纹，水口堵塞等问题，为攀钢1350板坯连铸机生产低合金钢奠定基础。     

待温控轧钢板麻面缺陷控制

阐述了低合金钢板控轧工艺过程中氧化铁皮产生的原因、影响因素、种类和组成,介绍了酒钢中板除鳞系统的现状和控轧低合金钢板表面氧化铁皮缺陷的控制.     

Strength-toughness relations for precipitation-strengthened low-alloy steels containing columbium

An investigation conducted to determine the value of the precipitation-hardening vectors (Δ transition temperature/Δ yield strength) for columbium (niobium) carbide and for columbium nitride in low-alloy steel showed that the values of these vectors were not significantly different. Precipitation hardening by columbium carbide and by columbium nitride both resulted in an average increase of 6.8 ± 1.01* in transition temperature for each ksi increase in yield strength. Columbium carbide and nitride are completely isomorphous in commercial steels and any columbium present usually exists as a carbonitride. It has been shown that the change in matrix nitrogen accompanying formation of the carbonitride results in a decrease in the apparent vector for precipitation hardening. Knowledge of the values of the precipitation-hardening vectors for columbium carbide, nitride, and carbonitride in low-alloy steels will facilitate future interpretation of mechanical-property data by the vector-sum method. J. M. GRAY, formerly with U. S. Steel Research, Monroeville, Pa.     

Present situation and countermeasure of low-alloy spring steel wire rod for domestic automobile

The variety,inner quality and surface quality of low-alloy spring steel wire rod for domestic automobile is summarized in detail.And according to commercial low-alloy spring steel wire rod variety, product quality level and its actual application situation on automobile supplied by present industrially developed country metallurgy enterprises,it is pointed that the variety of low-alloy spring steel wire rod for domestic automobile can’t satisfy the requirements of automobile industry development,compare with overseas advanced technology,product quality has the following gaps:the first is that steel purity is low,the control level of non-metallic inclusions is not steady,there is often large grain difficult deforming non-deformation inclusions existing,the control level of steel purity has big difference,the level of large steel factory is high,but its steady has a large gap compare with foreign advanced level,not to mention small steel factory which research and development powder is low.The second is surface complete decarburization can’ t be avoided completely.The third is that surface defects are more.The fourth is that composition segregation and structure segregation are not steady,steel wire can’t be drawn normally when the segregation is serious. In all,the segregation of 55SiCrA is superior to 60Si2MnA obviously.The industrialization of domestic high level low-alloy spring steel wire rod can’t seek quick success and instant benefits,independent innovation perseveringly must be adopted,the success may be reached after master core technologies and adopt the science way of step by step.     

低合金高强度钢的强化机理及生产工艺的探讨

针对国内低合金高强度钢发展中存在的问题，探讨了该钢种微合金元素的强化机理，简要介绍了低合金高强度钢的成分的优化设计及生产工艺。     

Secondary Hardening, Austenite Grain Coarsening and Surface Decarburization Phenomenon in Nb-Bearing Spring Steel

 The secondary hardening, the austenite grain coarsening and the surface decarburization phenomenon of Nb-bearing spring steel were investigated, and the effects of niobium on tempered microstructure was studied using scanning electron microscope. The results show that the micro-addition of niobium increases the tempering resistance and produces secondary hardening. The effect of niobium on the size and distribution of cementite particles is one of the primary reasons to increase the hardness after tempering. The grain-coarsening temperature of the spring steel is raised 150 ℃ due to Nb-addition. Furthermore, both the secondary hardening and the austenite grain coarsening phenomenon congruously demonstrate niobium begins observably dissolving above 1100 ℃ in the spring steel. Besides, niobium microalloying is an effective and economy means to decrease the decarburization sensitivity of the spring steels.     

Effect of Manganese and Niobium and Rolling Conditions on the Properties of Low-Alloy Steel

A series of studies was conducted to determine the optimum manganese and niobium contents in steels alloyed with the system C–Mn–Nb. Researchers also wanted to find the starting and finishing temperatures for rolling on a 2800 mill that would be best in order to obtain the necessary mechanical properties when the metal is deformed in the austenite range with small reductions.The studies established the following:– a greater improvement in strength properties is obtained from an increase in the mass content of manganese if the carbon content is reduced (0.09–0.10%) rather than increased (0.12–0.13%);– other conditions being equal, an increase in the niobium content of the steel from 0.02–0.03% to 0.04–0.06% leads to a substantial increase in strength and toughness properties and a decrease in ductility;– it was established that in terms of its effect on the yield point, microalloying steel with 0.01% niobium is equivalent to alloying with 0.30–0.40% manganese;– the percentage of the tough B component in the fracture of IPG specimens of low-alloy steel with a niobium content of 0.02–0.03 mass % can be increased from 30 to 100% by decreasing the temperature of the slab after the second pass through the two-high stand from 1020 to 980°C. For steels with a higher niobium content (0.05–0.06%), the temperature of the metal when it enters the roughing stand can be increased to 1010–1040°C without adversely affecting the standard characteristic B (%);– a decrease in the finishing temperature is accompanied by an increase in the strength and toughness properties of the metal and a decrease in ductility. Reducing the finishing temperature to below 760°C makes it possible to increase strength properties but does not change impact toughness.     

低合金结构钢腐蚀的影响因素及其耐蚀性判据

通过对不同厂家或产线生产的相近成分和显微组织的8种低合金工程结构钢样品进行中性盐雾加速腐蚀试验,结合成分测试、微观组织分析、腐蚀产物分析及数据统计与计算拟合等方法,提出了评价低合金结构钢耐蚀性的综合耐蚀指数及其包含钢材成分、夹杂物、组织及晶粒度等多因素的数学表达式。研究结果表明,低合金工程结构钢的耐蚀性除与传统的耐蚀指数I相关外,还受钢中夹杂物、显微组织、晶粒度等多种材料因素的耦合影响,其影响程度按从大到小排序依次为耐蚀合金元素所决定的耐蚀指数I、夹杂物总量、珠光体含量和晶粒度级别。综合耐蚀指数Y可作为比耐蚀指数I指数更有效的低合金钢耐蚀性判据,具有重要的工程应用价值。      

铌对60Si2Mn弹簧钢表面脱碳敏感性的影响

 采用金相法测量了不同铌含量的弹簧钢60Si2Mn的脱碳层深度,系统研究了铌及其含量对60Si2Mn弹簧钢表面脱碳敏感性的影响。研究结果表明：添加铌元素可以有效降低60Si2Mn的脱碳敏感性,但脱碳层深度并未随铌含量的微量增加而降低。利用Thermo-Calc DICTRA软件对不同温度下碳在奥氏体中的扩散系数进行了计算,考虑了铌及其他合金元素对碳的扩散影响。通过菲克第二定律获得了试验钢中脱碳层深度随温度的变化规律,并与实测值相吻合。为研究其他微合金元素对脱碳层的影响提供了一种更为有效的手段。