平衡膳食合理营养促进健康——解读《中国居民膳食指南(2007)》

《中国居民膳食指南（2007）》已公布,新版在居民膳食结构及食物消费方面对1997年版《中国居民膳食指南》进行了修改和完善。本文综述了新版《指南》的修改内容及特点。     

2007《中国居民膳食指南》(中国营养学会制定)第一部分 一般人群膳食指南15

《中国居民膳食指南》(2007)是根据营养学原理,紧密结合我国居民膳食消费和营养状况的实际情况制定的,是指导广大居民实践平衡膳食,获得合理营养的科学文件。其目的是帮助我国居民合理选择食物,并进行适量的身体活动,以改善人们的营养和健康状况,减少或预防慢性疾病的发生,提高国民的健康素质。     

中国居民平衡膳食宝塔解析

中国居民平衡膳食宝塔是中国营养学会依据“中国居民膳食指南”,并结合中国居民的食物构成特点,在中国居民膳食指南金字塔的基础上设计绘制出来的。中国居民平衡膳食宝塔与中国居民膳食指南金字塔相比而言,具有民族色彩更浓厚、分类量化更科学、营养宣教更直观、膳食搭配更合理等突出特点。     

《中国居民膳食指南》(中国营养学会制定) 第一部分 一般人群膳食指南(11)

《中国居民膳食指南》(2007)是根据营养学原理,紧密结合我国居民膳食消费和营养状况的实际情况制定的,是指导广大居民实践平衡膳食,获得合理营养的科学文件。其目的是帮助我国居民合理选择食物,并进行适量的身体活动,以改善人们的营养和健康状况,减少或预防慢性疾病的发生,提高国民的健康素质。     

《中国居民膳食指南（2007）》发布

近年来我国城乡居民的膳食状况明显改善,儿童青少年平均身高增加,营养不良患病率下降。但在贫困农村,仍存在着营养不足的问题。同时,我国居民膳食结构及生活方式也发生了重要变化,与之相关的慢性非传染性疾病,如肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等患病率增加,已成为威胁国民健康的突出问题。     

《中国居民膳食指南》（2007）之一般人群膳食指南

《中国居民膳食指南》（2007）是根据营养学原理,紧密结合我国居民膳食消费和营养状况的实际情况制定的,是指导广大居民实践平衡膳食,获得合理营养的科学文件。     

《中国居民膳食指南》（2007）之特定人群膳食指南

《中国居民膳食指南》（2007）是根据营养学原理,紧密结合我国居民膳食消费和营养状况的实际情况制定的,是指导广大居民实践平衡膳食,获得合理营养的科学文件。     

《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》在京发布

膳食指南是健康教育和公共政策的基础性文件,是国家实施《健康中国行动(2019-2030年)》和《国民营养计划(2017-2030年)》的一个重要技术支撑。2022年4月26日上午,《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》发布会在京举行。自1989年首次发布《中国居民膳食指南》以来,我国已先后于1997年、2007年、2016年进行了三次修订并发布,在不同时期对指导居民通过平衡膳食改变营养健康状况、预防慢性病、增强健康素质发挥了重要作用。在国家卫生健康委等有关部门的指导和关心下,中国营养学会组织近百位专家对膳食指南再次进行修订.     

Comprehensive European dietary exposure model (CEDEM) for food additives

European methods for assessing dietary exposures to nutrients, additives and other substances in food are limited by the availability of detailed food consumption data for all member states. A proposed comprehensive European dietary exposure model (CEDEM) applies summary data published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in a deterministic model based on an algorithm from the EFSA intake method for food additives. The proposed approach can predict estimates of food additive exposure provided in previous EFSA scientific opinions that were based on the full European food consumption database.     

高血压肾病诊断和治疗中国专家共识(2022)

高血压是威胁人类健康的“无声杀手”,乳源性ACE抑制肽是以乳类蛋白为原料经过酶解或发酵制备的具有降血压作用的肽。近年来,乳源性ACE抑制肽被认为是一种天然且相对安全的生物活性肽,因为具有生物活性高、毒性低、易代谢和良好的降压效果等特点而受到人们日益关注,并逐渐被应用到保健品、功能性食品等领域。本文综述了乳源性ACE抑制肽的来源（包括化学方法合成与天然食品来源）、制备方法（包括体外酶解与微生物发酵）。归纳总结了乳源ACE抑制肽的分离纯化及构效关系等方面的研究进展并简介在食品与临床方面的应用及未来发展前景,以期为推动我国开发ACE抑制肽有关产品提供参考。     

中医药膳与特膳食品产业融合发展思辨

中医药膳与特膳食品一样,均能为特定人群系统定量地提供特殊或针对性的生理物质与营养成分,从而改善特定人群的营养基础代谢,减少不必要的代谢负担。文章提出在健康中国战略背景下加强特膳食品与中医药膳产业融合发展的必要性及发展的瓶颈,并指出两者融合发展的有效路径。     

内蒙古自治区居民膳食中铝暴露风险评估

目的 了解内蒙古自治区主要食品中铝的污染现状,对当地居民膳食中铝暴露风险进行评估。方法 对2010—2018年内蒙古自治区食品安全风险监测中主要含铝添加剂食品的铝残留量进行分析,结合2012年内蒙古自治区居民食物消费量数据,按照性别-年龄组计算内蒙古自治区居民膳食中铝摄入量并评估其健康风险。结果 本次评估主要的含铝添加剂食品9类共1 083份,其中铝的检出率为69.44%(752/1 083),铝残留量均值为142.81 mg/kg,含量范围为2.50～2 950.00 mg/kg;全人群膳食中铝每周平均摄入量为0.692 mg/kg BW,低于食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)制定的每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI,2 mg/kg BW),高食物消费量人群膳食中铝每周摄入量为4.868 mg/kg BW,是PTWI的2.43倍;不同性别-年龄组人群膳食中铝每周平均摄入量均未超过PTWI,但各性别-年龄组人群的平均铝摄入量随年龄增加有降低的趋势。结论 粉条、油条中含铝添加剂超标现象严重,膨化食品、发酵面制品中存在含铝添加剂超范围使用现象。各性别-年龄组高消费量人群铝的暴露风险较大,相关部门需加强含铝添加剂超范围、超标使用的监管力度。     

美国AAFA的RSL解读(上)

继2007年6月推首版<限用物质清单>(RestrictedSubstances List,简称RSL,下同)之后,仅仅过了7个月时间,AAFA于2008年2月推出了RSL第二版.除了少量版式上的调整,新版RSL在技术内容上并无实质性的变化.     

Tobacco cessation skills certification in Arizona: application of a state wide, community based model for diffusion of evidence based practice guidelines

OBJECTIVE: To describe the development and preliminary results from a community based certification model for training in tobacco cessation skills in Arizona. DESIGN: A programme evaluation using both quantitative pre-post measures and qualitative methods. SETTING: Arizona's comprehensive tobacco control programme of state funded, community based local projects and their community partners providing tobacco treatment services for geographically, socioeconomically, and ethnically diverse communities. INTERVENTION: A three tiered model of skills based training emphasising Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines, and utilising a training of trainers approach to build community capacity. Certification roles addressed basic tobacco cessation skills, tobacco cessation specialist, and tobacco treatment services manager. PARTICIPANTS: Initial target audience was community based local project personnel and their community partners, with later adoption by community organisations unaffiliated with local projects, and the general public. MAIN EVALUATION MEASURES: Process measures: participant satisfaction, knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy. Outcome: participant demographics, community organisations represented, post-training, cessation related activities. RESULTS: During the model's implementation year, 1075 participants attended certification training, 947 participants received basic skills certificates and 82 received specialist certificates. Pre, post, and three month measures of self efficacy showed significant and durable increases. Analysis of participant characteristics demonstrated broad community representation. At post-training follow up, 80.9% of basic skills trainees had performed at least one brief intervention and 74.8% had made a referral to intensive services. Among cessation specialists, 48.8% were delivering intensive services and 69.5% were teaching basic skills classes. CONCLUSIONS: Initial experience with Arizona's state wide, community based model for certification of tobacco cessation skills training suggests this model may be a promising method for broad, population based diffusion of evidence based tobacco cessation guidelines.     

Food science challenge: translating the dietary guidelines for Americans to bring about real behavior change

Food scientists and nutrition scientists (dietitians and nutrition communicators) are tasked with creating strategies to more closely align the American food supply and the public's diet with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). This paper is the result of 2 expert dialogues to address this mandate, which were held in Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., in early October 2010 between these 2 key scientific audiences. It is an objective that has largely eluded public health experts over the past several decades. This document takes the perspective of food scientists who are tasked with making positive modifications to the food supply, both in innovating and reformulating food products, to respond to both the DGA recommendations, and to consumer desires, needs, and choices. The paper is one of two to emerge from those October 2010 discussions; the other article focuses on the work of dietitians and nutrition communicators in effecting positive dietary change.     

《中国居民营养与健康现状》对中国食品工业发展的思考

2004年10月12日国务院新闻办公室发布了2002年进行的<中国居民营养与健康现状>的调查报告.调查表明,随着国民经济的持续快速发展,最近十年我国城乡居民的膳食、营养状况有了明显改善,城乡居民能量及蛋白质摄入基本得到满足,肉、禽、蛋等动物性食物消费量明显增加,优质蛋白比例上升;儿童青少年生长发育水平稳步提高,婴幼儿平均出生体重达到3309克,低出生体重率为3.6%,已达到发达国家水平;儿童营养不良患病率显著下降;5岁以下儿童生长迟缓率为14.3%,比1992年下降55%,儿童低体重率为7.8%,比1992年下降57%,居民贫血患病率有所下降.这一结果与我国的食物生产和食品工业的发展是相一致的.