涂料中有毒有害元素检验检测技术研究进展

综述了近年涂料中有毒有害元素检验检测技术的研究现状,结合国内外涂料中有毒有害检测的研究成果和相关的检测方法标准,探讨了涂料中有毒有害分析的各种前处理方法应用的优缺点,比较了当前分光光度法、原子吸收法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法以及X射线荧光光谱法在涂料有毒有害元素测定中的应用范围和不足之处,提出了涂料中有毒有害元素检测技术发展方向,为今后涂料中有害物质检测方法的开发和应用提供参考。     

涂料中有毒有害元素检测方法概述

综述了近年涂料中有毒有害元素检验检测技术的研究现状,结合国内外涂料中有毒有害检测的研究成果和相关的检测方法标准,探讨了涂料中有毒有害分析的各种前处理方法应用的优缺点,比较了当前分光光度法、原子吸收法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法以及X射线荧光光谱法在涂料有毒有害元素测定中的应用范围和优缺点,为涂料中有毒有害物质检测方法的开发和应用提供了参考。     

孟连口岸进口缅甸锡矿石风险调查研究

锡是排列在白金、黄金及银后面的第四种贵金属,在地壳中平均含量只有0.004%,是一种希贵的金属,也是一种重要的战略物质。为满足国民经济生产发展的需求,我国每年需要大量的进口锡矿石。缅甸(佤邦)生产的锡矿石100%经孟连勐啊口岸进口到我国,为全面掌握缅甸(佤邦)产锡矿砂中有害元素铅Pb、砷As、汞Hg等有害元素的含量情况,防范有害元素随进口锡矿石进入我国境内。论文通过生产场地实地调查和抽样检测分析孟连口岸进口缅甸产锡矿石中有害元素的携带情况和分析有害元素对人体健康及生态环境带来的危害,根据有害元素的特性提出相应的预防建议。     

水泥窑协同处置污泥及物料中重金属测定方法开发

本方法使用原子吸收光谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪对13种有毒有害重金属元素铜、铅、铬、镉、镍、钒、铊、汞、砷及锑等测定方法进行开发。方法中采用了酸组合体系、水浴法和微波消解方法对污泥、水泥及物料等进行了溶样方法探讨;对使用相关仪器测定时对应元素的仪器条件进行了优化;对样品的溶解程度、各元素的线性范围、检出限、精密度、准确度,以及回收率进行了实验研究和测定。     

催化湿式氧化催化剂处理有机废水研究进展

催化湿式氧化是有害、难降解有机污染物在低温和缓和条件下进行高效处理的高级氧化方法,具有广阔的工业应用前景。本文主要介绍了催化湿式氧化法的优势、反应机理以及用于该过程的均相和非均相催化剂。贵金属催化剂具有活性高、严苛条件下稳定性好的优点,具有工业规模应用实例。非贵金属催化剂价格低廉,活性较高,但活性组分溶出问题限制了其工业应用。降低贵金属催化剂成本和提高非贵金属催化剂抗溶出性能是未来应用研究的主要方向。     

煤品质变化及有害元素迁移的研究进展

为了探明煤炭在转移、储存过程中品质指标(如水分、灰分、发热量)的波动以及煤中有害元素在煤炭周转、利用过程中的迁移和转化,综述了目前国内外煤炭物流、存储中品质变化的研究进展,对煤中有害元素迁移的相关研究进行梳理。结果表明:煤炭在物流环节中品质指标会出现一定范围的波动,影响了煤炭的生产和销售;煤中有害元素在煤炭周转、利用过程中发生迁移和转化,造成了严重环境污染;事前控制,即煤炭分选,在提高煤热值,降低了煤中硫分、灰分的同时,有效脱除了微量有害元素;明确煤质变化的规律,探究煤中微量有害元素迁移的原理和规律,有利于煤炭的合理开发、环境质量的有效控制。     

火花放电原子发射光谱仪快速测定合金饰品中镉元素方法研究

镉是一种毒性较强的重金属元素,过量的镉元素会伤害人体、污染环境。采用火花源原子发射光谱法快速测定铜合金及铝合金饰品中镉的质量分数,采用单因素法筛选出最佳测试条件(铜合金冲洗时间为3 s、预燃时间为25 s、曝光时间为4 s;铝合金冲洗时间为3 s、预燃时间为11 s、曝光时间为4 s)。实验结果表明该法的精密度和准确度均符合相关标准要求。随机抽取合金饰品产品对测试结果进行风险评估,发现部分样品含镉元素,最高质量分数为0.004 5%(标准限值为0.01%),来源主要是原材料及电镀工艺,属可控因素。     

废催化剂中贵金属钒的浸出工艺

开展废催化剂的回收利用,不仅可以得高品位的贵金属,而且可以使废催化剂的有害部分减量化甚至无害化,解决相关环境污染问题。本课题对废催化剂中贵金属钒的浸出工艺进行研究,通过氧化焙烧-浸取法,可以从废催化剂中回收得到较纯的五氧化二钒。结果表明,氯化钠,硫酸钠,碳酸钠均不适合做焙烧过程的附加剂,焙烧工艺条件为：采用CaCO3作...     

浅析废催化剂的回收利用

开展废催化剂的回收利用,不仅可以得高品位的贵金属,而且可以使废催化剂的有害部分减量化甚至无害化．解决相关环境污染问题。本课题对开展废催化剂的回收的相关方法及意义进行了论述     

煤中微量有害元素洗选洁净的研究进展

阐述了煤中微量有害元素的赋存状态和洗选脱除机理,指出微量有害元素在选煤过程中的迁移行为取决于其赋存状态和有机亲和性,以无机态或矿物质结合态为主的有害元素大部分能被脱除,总结概括了常规洗选方法脱除煤中微量有害元素的研究状况,指出常规洗选方法一定程度上脱除煤中微量有害元素,重点分析了磁选脱除煤中有害微量元素的研究进展.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.