中孔碳负载铂催化剂制备及其催化3,4-二氯硝基苯加氢反应

以糠醇为碳源,在酸性中孔模板剂MSU-S上缩合,合成具有中孔结构碳材料(MC),通过浸渍法合成Pt/MC催化剂。采用XRD、BET、SEM和TEM等手段对MC和Pt/MC进行表征,MC富含中孔,有效分散Pt纳米粒子并在反应过程中稳定Pt。研究Pt/MC对3,4-二氯硝基苯催化加氢反应的催化性能,在3,4-二氯硝基苯 1 mmol、催化剂用量100 mg、乙醇5 mL、反应温度30 ℃、常压氢气和反应时间6 h条件下,3,4-二氯硝基苯转化率达100%,3,4-二氯苯胺选择性达99.7%,Pt/MC重复使用5次,催化性能保持不变。     

凹凸棒土负载Pt催化剂的氯代硝基苯选择性加氢性能

以3 mol·L-1的HCl酸化凹凸棒土为载体,200℃还原制备负载型纳米Pt催化剂,并应用于氯代硝基苯选择加氢反应。在反应温度60℃和反应压力2.0 MPa条件下,催化剂显示出优异的加氢活性和选择性,在氯代硝基苯完全转化情况下,氯代苯胺选择性达100%,制备的催化剂具有很高的金属分散度,Pt纳米粒子粒径约2 nm,凹凸棒土载体对提高Pt分散度发挥了关键的作用,高分散纳米Pt粒子显著提高催化剂的加氢活性与氯代苯胺选择性,完全抑制了脱氯现象。     

载体对非晶态催化剂的氯代硝基苯加氢性能影响

以纳米碳管(CNTs)、γ-Al2O3、活性炭(AC)、SiO2为载体,Pt、Sn为活性组分,采用浸渍-化学还原法制备了负载Pt-Sn双金属非晶态催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、SAED、EDS等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征,明确了催化剂的非晶态性质、结构形态、粒子大小和元素组成等.以氯代硝基苯液相加氢为目标反应,对各催化剂的催化性能进行了评价.结果表明负载Pt-Sn非晶态催化剂在氯代硝基苯加氢反应中具有较好的活性和良好的选择性,其中以CNTs为载体的非晶态催化剂可使三种氯代硝基物加氢转化率达到99.9%,加氢脱氯率小于1.2%.从载体的微观结构、金属-载体相互作用、活性组分在载体表面的几何效应和电子效应等方面对载体响氯代硝基苯加氢性能进行了讨论.     

级孔Pt-Ni/ZSM-5对木质素衍生物加氢脱氧性能研究

利用等体积共浸渍法制备了级孔ZSM-5分子筛负载Pt-Ni双金属催化剂,并系统研究了不同Pt/Ni比对愈创木酚和二苯并呋喃二元混合物加氢脱氧反应性能的影响。采用XRD、N₂-BET、SEM、TEM和H₂-TPR对Pt-Ni催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征。Ni掺入量较少时（1%和3%,质量分数）,有利于促进活性金属的分散,增强Pt-Ni双金属之间的协同作用;当Ni掺入量增加到5%时,活性金属出现较严重的团聚。二元混合物加氢脱氧实验结果表明与单金属Pt/HZ-75相比,双金属Pt-Ni/ZSM-5催化剂均表现出优异的加氢脱氧催化活性,Ni的引入显著提高了反应转化速率,并提高了产物中联环己烷的选择性。随着Pt/Ni比的降低,Pt-Ni催化剂的活性逐渐增加,而联环己烷选择性先升高后降低。Pt-3Ni/HZ-75催化剂在3 MPa、260℃下表现出最佳的催化活性和联环己烷选择性,反应4 h后转化率达到100%,联环己烷选择性达到43%。     

PtCoMo/γ-Al_2O_3选择性加氢脱硫催化剂

以模型汽油为原料油,在传统的CoMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂基础上加入一定量的贵金属Pt对催化剂进行改性,考察了Pt对汽油选择性加氢脱硫的影响.结果表明贵金属Pt改性后的催化剂选择性有很大提高.当CoO负载量为质量分数4%,MoO_3负载量为质量分数5%,PtO_2负载量为质量分数1%时催化剂的效果最好,在脱硫率为83.56%时,烯烃饱和率为56.87%,选择性因子达到2.1523.制得的催化剂用于大连FCC汽油重馏分的选择性加氢脱硫,脱硫率达到79.36%时,反应前后汽油辛烷值保持不变(88.5).     

铂负载AlPO-5催化剂的制备及其甘油催化氧化性能研究

采用水热合成法制备磷酸铝分子筛AlPO-5,并通过焙烧处理得到AlPO-5分子筛多孔材料,以浸渍法和沉淀法分别制备了Pt负载型AlPO-5催化剂,通过粉末XRD、TEM、氮气吸附-脱附等手段对制备的催化剂进行了对比表征,研究了负载方法对Pt团簇分散度以及粒径尺寸的影响。以Pt/AlPO-5作为催化剂,研究了其对甘油的催化氧化性能,系统考察了Pt负载量、还原方法和反应时间对甘油转化率和产物选择性的影响。实验结果表明,由浸渍法制备的催化剂对甘油的转化率和甘油醛的选择性较高,甘油醛的选择性最高可达到63.46%。甘油醛作为起始反应产物,其高选择性与较大尺寸的Pt纳米团簇有关。     

浸渍溶剂对Pt/ZSM-5催化甲苯与甲醇烷基化合成对二甲苯反应稳定性的影响

以氯铂酸为Pt前驱体,分别以丙酮、水及氨水为溶剂,采用等体积浸渍法制备了质量分数为0.3%的Pt/ZSM-5催化剂,考察了不同溶剂对Pt/ZSM-5催化剂在高压、低水、低氢及低甲苯甲醇比的反应条件下的甲苯甲醇烷基化反应稳定性的影响。利用XRD、SEM、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD和TG等表征方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,以丙酮为溶剂负载Pt,不会影响对二甲苯的选择性,但Pt的加氢能力较差、稳定性欠佳,反应55 h后,活性仅为初始活性的54.4%;以水为溶剂负载Pt,对二甲苯选择性略微降低,其加氢能力增强,反应55 h时可保持初始活性的78.0%;以氨水为溶剂负载Pt,对二甲苯选择性略微降低,其Pt物种分散度更高,距离活性中心更近,故其加氢能力最为优异,稳定性显著提高,反应200 h仍可保持初始活性的81.4%。     

Fe_xO_y@C负载Pt催化氯代硝基化合物加氢反应研究

以九水合硝酸铁为铁源,葡萄糖为炭源,通过水热法制备了FexOy@C复合材料。以该材料为载体,采用浸渍法制备了FexOy@C负载Pt催化剂,用于硝基化合物加氢制备相应苯胺。采用XRD和TEM对催化剂进行表征并探讨了催化剂的加入量、有机溶剂、混合溶剂体积比等因素对对氯硝基苯加氢制备对氯苯胺的影响。实验证明,该催化剂稳定性高,催化剂循环利用6次以后,其加氢活性仍可以达到100%,选择性可达99%以上。另外,该催化剂对其它硝基化合物也显示了较好的催化性能。     

FexOy@C负载Pt催化氯代硝基化合物加氢反应研究

以九水合硝酸铁为铁源,葡萄糖为炭源,通过水热法制备了FexOy@C复合材料。以该材料为载体,采用浸渍法制备了FexOy@C负载Pt催化剂,用于硝基化合物加氢制备相应苯胺。采用XRD和TEM对催化剂进行表征并探讨了催化剂的加入量、有机溶剂、混合溶剂体积比等因素对对氯硝基苯加氢制备对氯苯胺的影响。实验证明,该催化剂稳定性高,催化剂循环利用6次以后,其加氢活性仍可以达到100%,选择性可达99%以上。另外,该催化剂对其它硝基化合物也显示了较好的催化性能。     

掺杂Co对CNTs负载Pt催化剂上肉桂醛选择性催化加氢性能的影响

研究了Co的掺杂对Pt/CNTs催化剂催化加氢肉桂醛反应性能的影响。结果发现, Co的掺杂对Pt/CNTs催化剂催化加氢活性起到明显促进作用, 并有利于C＝O基团的选择性加氢。Pt-0.17% Co/CNTs催化剂显示了较高的肉桂醇加氢选择性, 在反应条件为70℃、2 MPa和1.5 h时, 肉桂醛的加氢转化率达到97.1％,生成肉桂醇的选择性达到93.6％。同时, 初步研究了该催化剂上肉桂醛催化加氢反应动力学, 催化反应的活化能为26.5 kJ•mol^-1。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。