钆掺杂铌酸钾的制备及其光催化降解罗丹明性能

以氢氧化钾、氧化铌和硝酸钆为原料,采用水热法合成了结晶度高、掺杂不同含量的稀土元素钆的K4Nb6O17光催化剂纳米片。借助XRD、SEM、TEM和XPS等手段对其结构和形貌做了表征,考察了钆掺杂铌酸钾复合材料对有机染料罗丹明的降解性能。结果表明,钆的掺杂提高了铌酸钾的结晶度,钆掺杂量为0.5%（物质的量分数）的铌酸钾具有最佳的光催化活性,30 mg催化剂可对质量浓度为20 mg/L的罗丹明溶液（100 mL）快速降解。     

CdS-K2La2Ti3-xNbxO10复合物的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用硬脂酸法制备K2La2Ti3O10,通过铌离子掺杂得到K2La2Ti3-xNbxO10,再使用微波法进行质子交换、胺柱撑/镉离子交换,通过硫化反应制备得到CdS-K2La2Ti3-xNbxO10催化剂。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪(UV-Vis)等手段对催化剂进行表征,并且考察了其在可见光下对罗丹明B的光催化降解活性。结果表明:铌离子掺杂和硫化镉插层拓展了催化剂的可见光吸收范围,抑制了光生电子与空穴的复合效率,提高了光催化活性,使其催化活性明显高于K2La2Ti3O10催化剂和掺杂的K2La2Ti3-xNbxO10催化剂。     

稀土掺杂TiO2的光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、冰乙酸为原料,以罗丹明B为模拟有机污染物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列的TiO₂光催化剂,并利用XRD和物理吸附对催化剂进行了表征。考察了原料配比、凝胶时间、稀土掺杂种类、稀土掺杂量对TiO₂光催化罗丹明B性能的影响。结果表明：当钛酸比为1.5∶1、钛醇比为2∶1、凝胶时间为48 h、Pr掺杂量为2%时,TiO₂光催化罗丹明B的降解率最好。在光催化条件为罗丹明B初始质量浓度为4 mg·L^-1、催化剂质量0.05 g、光反应时间6 h时,罗丹明B的降解率达93.23%。     

铌酸钾水热合成及其光催化性能的研究

以氢氧化钾和氧化铌为原料,通过水热法合成了结晶度高、呈片层结构的铌酸钾（K₄Nb₆O₁₇）微晶。通过XRD、SEM等手段考察了水热反应温度、反应时间和铌钾比对晶相和形貌的影响,研究了该材料对有机染料罗丹明的光催化降解性能。实验得到合成铌酸钾的最佳条件：水热反应为24 h、反应温度为240 ℃、钾铌物质的量比为7、催化剂用量为30 mg、反应时间为100 min。在此最优条件下,可实现对20 mg/L的罗丹明溶液的快速降解。     

La／B共掺杂Ti02光催化降解苋菜红的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备La/B共掺杂Ti O2催化剂和纯TiO2催化剂。以苋菜红溶液为降解目标物,研究了La/B共掺杂TiO2为催化剂的紫外光催化反应。重点考察了La/B共掺TiO2催化剂的掺杂比、催化剂的煅烧温度、光照时间、催化剂的添加量、溶液初始浓度、溶液p H值对降解率的影响。实验结果表明：单纯只靠紫外光光照或催化剂并不能快速、有效地降解苋菜红溶液。在La和B掺杂比为1：2、催化剂的煅烧温度为600℃、催化剂用量为3.0g/L、溶液p H值为5.5、溶液初始浓度为10mg/L的苋菜红溶液200m L,紫外光光照60min的条件下,La/B共掺杂的TiO2催化剂和纯TiO2催化剂光催化脱色率分别可达99.60%、86.45%,TOC的去除率为60.06%。     

N、La共掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯、尿素、硝酸镧为原料,采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备了N、La共掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化材料。用XRD、DSC-TG、UV-Vis DRS、FT-IR、SEM、EDS对材料结构和性能进行了表征。以苯酚为目标污染物,考察材料的光催化性能。结果表明:N、La共掺杂协同作用使晶粒细化,材料的光催化活性显著提高;当N掺杂摩尔分数为5%、La掺杂摩尔分数为1%、催化剂用量为1.5 g/L、焙烧温度为500℃时,光催化降解5 mg/L苯酚的效果最佳。     

固相反应法制备铌酸铁光催化剂降解甲基橙

以Fe3O4和Nb2O5为原料,采用固相反应法制备铌酸铁光催化剂,评价了其光催化降解甲基橙的活性。研究了n(Fe)∶n(Nb)、煅烧温度、光催化剂质量浓度和光催化反应时间对光催化降解率的影响。700℃以下的煅烧产物中生成了FeNb2O6,800℃以上的煅烧产物中生成了FeNbO4。将n(Fe)∶n(Nb)为0.8的Fe3O4和Nb2O5在700℃煅烧8h可以制备出活性最佳的铌酸铁光催化剂。NiO的掺杂不能提高铌酸铁的光催化能力。当ρ(甲基橙)为10mg/L,ρ(光催化剂)为4g/L时,光催化降解效率最大,光照时间为180min时,甲基橙的η(降解率)为72.7%。     

B-Mo共掺杂BiVO_4光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

通过柠檬酸络合法+浸渍法合成B+Mo共掺杂Bi VO4,并对其进行XRD、SEM和UV-vis表征,研究合成材料的物相、形貌和光吸收性能。将制备的样品用于光催化降解罗丹明B,考察了溶液的初始浓度、p H、催化剂投加量等因素对光催化降解罗丹明B的影响。实验结果表明:罗丹明B的初始浓度为15 mg/L、p H=5、催化剂投加量为0.015 g时,B-Mo共掺杂Bi VO4对罗丹明B有较好的光催化活性,反应50 min后,降解率可达91%以上。     

表面担载型CdS/K_2La_2Ti_3O_(10)复合物的制备及光催化活性研究

采用沉淀法将Cd S担载到K2La2Ti3O10表面,制备了不同Cd S含量的Cd S/K2La2Ti3O10复合物,分别运用XRD、SEM、TEM、EDX、PL、XRF、BET和UV-Vis等手段对其进行表征。通过可见光下降解罗丹明B考察光催化活性,研究催化剂担载量、投加量和罗丹明B溶液初始p H值对光催化活性的影响。结果表明,担载Cd S后K2La2Ti3O10的吸收带边向可见光区移动,并且光催化活性有明显提高。在催化剂投加量为0.25 g,担载量为35%(wt)的条件下,可见光照射2 h,10 mg×L~(-1)的罗丹明B溶液的降解率可达到97.8%。最后提出了Cd S/K2La2Ti3O10复合物光催化降解罗丹明B的机理。     

硼和铒共掺杂BiVO_4光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

通过柠檬酸络合法合成硼和铒共掺杂Bi VO4,并对其进行XRD、UV-Vis的表征以分析合成材料的物相、形貌。同时考察溶液的初始浓度、p H、催化剂投加量以及光照强度等因素在可见光的照射下对罗丹明B光催化降解的影响。实验结果表明:在50 m L罗丹明B水溶液中,初始质量浓度为10 mg/L,p H=3,催化剂投加量为0.015 g,光照距离14 cm,B-Er共掺杂Bi VO4对罗丹明B有较好的光催化活性,反应50 min后,降解率可达90%以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.