一种欠驱动柔性机器人模型的建立及控制

采用Lagrange建模方法建立了欠驱动柔性自平衡机器人的数学模型,对柔性关节部分考虑了其弹性势能,仿真验证了模型的正确性,刚度越大,机器人上半身角度跟踪越快.采用线性二次型最优控制有效地控制了柔性机器人的平衡问题,通过实验,验证了在状态不完全可观测情况下系统的可控性,实验表明,只需机器人上半身部分安装传感器即可控制机器人达到平衡状态.对机器人结构的设计提供了参考.     

A New Control Scheme of Single-link Flexible Manipulators Robust to Payload Changes

A new scheme is presented in this paper to control single-link flexiblemanipulators. The objective is to control the tip position of the flexiblearm in the presence of joint friction and payload changes. The controlscheme is based on two nested loops: an inner feedback loop to control themotor position which is robust to joint friction, and an outer loop tocontrol the tip position which is robust to payload changes. This outer loopis composed of a feedforward term and a feedback term. This results in asimple control law that needs minimal computing effort and, thus, can beused for real time control of flexible arms. The proposed method is generalin the sense that it can be applied to very different arm structures anddiverse sensor systems configurations. Results corresponding to twodifferent arm setups are presented.     

基于新型补偿控制策略的柔性关节控制器设计

柔性关节机器人控制系统中存在不确定性扰动、摩擦力、参数变化以及建模误差等问题,而常规PID控制无法兼顾稳定性和控制精度的要求,为此设计了一种基于新型补偿控制策略的柔性关节鲁棒控制器.控制器设计中,将摩擦力分为线性和非线性两部分,扰动分为确定性和不确定性两部分:机器人自身结构相关量、确定性扰动以及摩擦力的线性部分可以通过...     

不依赖模型的机器人鲁棒自适应跟踪控制(英)

提出了一种新颖的鲁棒自适应控制策略，用于不确定性机器人的轨迹跟踪．它不需要任何模型知识，唯一需了解的是系统的阶数和输出的位置及速度状态。理论和仿真均证明，系统的不确定性诸如摩擦力、外部扰动及未建模动力学带来的不确定性影响，均可被设计的控制律补偿，最后可保证全局指数收敛或全局一致最后有界的结果．另外，本文还给出了跟踪误差的暂态测量．     

线性定常时滞系统的鲁棒控制

在建立线性定常时滞系统模型的基础上,给出了时滞系统是独立鲁棒稳定的条件,并利用Lyapunov理论给予一些定理的证明,同时设计出了使闭环系统时滞独立鲁棒稳定的状态反馈控制器（即时滞独立鲁棒镇定问题）,最后给出的一个数值例子中用Matlab编程求出了符合条件的正定矩阵和控制律,从算例结果验证了所得出的结论。     

Robust Stable Fuzzy Control via Fuzzy Modeling and Feedback Linearization with Its Applications to Controlling Uncertain Single-link Flexible Joint Manipulators

In this paper, a robust stable fuzzy control design based on feedback linearization is presented. Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model is used as representing the nonlinear plant model and uncertainty is assumed to be included in the model structure with known bounds. For this structured uncertainty, the closed system can be analyzed by applying the perturbation system stability analysis to the fuzzy feedback linearization systems and a sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system with bounded parameter uncertainties. Based on the developed analysis method, we can design a robust fuzzy controller by choosing the control parameters satisfying the robust stability condition.     

一类互联机器人系统鲁棒分散自适应控制

研究一类存在模型不确定性和外部扰动的互联机器人系统的控制问题.控制器由一般线性控制器,线性自适应控制器和非线性自适应控制器综合构成.通过Lyapunov理论证明设计的鲁棒分散自适应控制器能够有效地克服不确定性对系统的影响,实现闭环系统的渐近轨迹跟踪控制.最后给出一个仿真例子进一步验证控制器的有效性.     

Tip Tracking Control of a Single-Link Flexible Robot: A Backstepping Approach

In this paper, tip tracking control is investigated for a single-link flexible robot. The flexible beam is first lumped to a spring-mass system, to which the so called backstepping approach is applicable, then two robust controllers and an adaptive controller are developed in the presence of system disturbances/uncertainties. The controllers are rigorously proven to be able to achieve stable tip position and velocity tracking control in the sense of Global Uniform Ultimate Boundedness (GUUB). Numerical simulation results are provided which show that the proposed controllers are effective.     

电机驱动机械人手臂的鲁棒自适应控制

针对电机驱动机械手的工作环境复杂负栽变动大难控制的问题,提出一种机械手的鲁棒自适应控制方法.通过代数运算将机器人手臂模型变换为线性误差系统加未知干扰的形式.设计误差系统的积分滤波器,通过合理地选择滤波器参数,可使滤波器输出渐近收敛到零.同时由滤波器可得到理想电流和干扰的更新估计.以理想电流为目标设计电机的控制律.基于Lyapunov稳定理论分析了该方法的稳定性,给出了稳定性充分条件.实例仿真结果表明该方法有效.     

基于MapleSim的六自由度柔性机械臂动力学仿真

柔性机械臂是一个复杂的机电一体化系统,涉及到多个物理领域。传统柔性结构建模一直存在建模复杂、模型不易扩展、运行速度慢等缺点,而且难以实现多领域建模,忽略了不同物理领域相互作用给整体系统所造成的影响。为了提高建模效率和仿真准确度,采用MapleSim多领域建模仿真平台,建立了六自由度柔性机械臂模型,包括柔性臂杆、关节、伺服驱动系统、传感器等。基于模型,从多领域的角度研究了柔性机械臂的动力学特性。该方法建模工作量小,所建模型易修改。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

六连杆助行康复机器人鲁棒控制

为帮助老年人及偏瘫患者恢复自然步态的行走,提出了一种六连杆助行康复机器人机构模型.考虑患者体重差异及助行康复训练过程中下肢肌张力的变化,在机器人动力学分析的基础上设计了一种具有抗干扰性能的鲁棒控制器.基于李亚普诺大理论证明了该控制器可有效地抑制外界干扰信号的影响,并进行了鲁棒控制实验研究.研究结果表明,鲁棒控制器能够抑...     

柔性连接倒立摆系统的控制与实现

柔性连接的倒立摆系统是在直线倒立摆系统的基础上引入自由振荡环节,使闭环控制系统的响应频率受到弹簧振荡频率的限制,从而增加了对该系统控制器设计的难度。在建立被控系统动力学模型的基础上,通过数学分析,应用线性二次型最优控制策略进行状态反馈控制器的设计,成功地将柔性连接倒立摆系统稳定地平衡在倒立状态。仿真以及实际系统的实验均验证了所采用方法的有效性。最后对所实现的控制器的控制性能进行了分析。     

Decentralized PD and Robust Nonlinear Control for Robot Manipulators

A decentralized PD and robust nonlinear feedback law for robot motioncontrol is proposed. The control system structure is based on thegeneralized tracking error proposed by Slotine and Li. Using this systemstructure, a simple and comprehensive result on the local stabilityconditions of PD control is obtained. A decentralized robust nonlinearfeedback term is then added to it to improves the performance of trackingerrors from local convergence to global convergence. Since the approachkeeps the simplicity of the independent joint controller structure it can beeasily implemented in most robot systems without hardware alteration.     

Impedance Control of Flexible Robot Arms with Parametric Uncertainties

This paper presents an adaptive impedance control strategy for flexible manipulators by using an end-effector trajectory control approach. The impedance control objective is converted into tracking a trajectory generated by a designed ideal impedance model. A manifold is designed to prescribe desirable performance of the system. An adaptive control scheme is derived in such that the motion of the system will converge and remain to the ideal manifold for the case of parametric uncertainties. Stability of the control system is analyzed. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.     

基于观测器的机器人鲁棒跟踪控制

基于滑模控制原理设计稳定的状态观测器,在此基础上。研究了仅有关节角位移可测量的机器人轨迹跟踪控制问题。运用反推设计方法提出一种机器人鲁棒跟踪控制新方案。通过引入用于抑制观测误差的阻尼项和调制参数。加快了输出跟踪误差的收敛速度。利用李亚普诺夫方法分析了闭环控制系统的全局稳定性,证明了系统所有状态信号有界,跟踪误差收敛到零。仿真结果进一步表明,提出的控制方案具有较强的鲁棒性和良好的跟踪性能。     

一种机器人轨迹的鲁棒跟踪控制

把基于拉格朗日方程的n关节机器人动力学模型,转化成了一线性状态方程.基于这种线性状态方程,利用李雅普诺夫函数方法分别针对机器人标称模型和有外界不确定性干扰时,设计前馈控制器和反馈控制器,使得机器人的实际运动轨迹在标称模型下,指数收敛于所给定的期望运动轨迹;在有外界不确定性干扰时,它与期望轨迹的误差是终值有界的.并且,针对后者所提出的控制律进行仿真.仿真结果表明,这种连续鲁棒控制律对于机器人系统存在外界不确定性干扰时是十分有效的.     

Optimal Compensation by Linear Robust Control for Uncertain Systems

Linear control design of nonlinear discrete-time uncertain systems with (possibly fast) uncertain parameters is considered. The possible uncertainty bound needs to be within a threshold. The threshold in turn is dependent on a design parameter. To achieve the maximum threshold by an optimal choice of the design parameter, a constrained optimization problem is proposed. The optimal compensation of the uncertainty is in general a partial compensation.     

Hybrid Control Scheme for Robust Tracking of Two-Link Flexible Manipulator

The hybrid control scheme is proposed to stabilize the vibration of a two-link flexible manipulator while the robustness of Variable Structure Control (VSC) developed for rigid manipulators is maintained for controlling the joint angles. The VSC law alone, which is designed to accomplish only the asymptotic decoupled joint angle trajectory tracking, does not guarantee the stability of the flexible mode dynamics of the links. In order to actively suppress the flexible link vibrations, hybrid trajectories for the VSC are generated using the virtual control force concept, so that robust tracking control of the flexible-link manipulator can also be accomplished. Simulation results confirm that the proposed hybrid control scheme can achieve more robust tracking control of two-link flexible manipulator than the conventional control scheme in the presence of payload uncertainty.     

Hybrid Control Scheme for Robust Tracking of Two-Link Flexible Manipulator

A hybrid control scheme is proposed to stabilize the vibration of a two-link flexible manipulator while robustness of Variable Structure Control (VSC) developed for rigid manipulators is maintained for controlling the joint angles. The VSC law alone, which is designed to accomplish only the asymptotic decoupled joint angle trajectory tracking, does not guarantee the stability of the flexible mode dynamics of the links. In order to actively suppress the flexible link vibrations, hybrid trajectories for the VSC are generated using the virtual control force concept, so that robust tracking control of the flexible-link manipulator can also be accomplished. Simulation results confirm that the proposed hybrid control scheme can achieve more robust tracking control of two-link flexible manipulator than the conventional control scheme in the presence of payload uncertainty.     

Robustness Comparative Study of Two Control Schemes for 3-DOF Flexible Manipulators

This article describes a comparative study of two control schemes designed for a new three-degree-of-freedom flexible arm. This arm has been built with light links, has most of its mass concentrated on the tip, and its special mechanical configuration uncouples tip motions in spherical coordinates. This special configuration simplifies the dynamic modeling and control of the arm. A compliance matrix is used to model the oscillations of the structure. A consequence of this simple dynamics is that minimum sensing effort is required (only direct motor and tip measurements), and the use of complex observers is avoided because the state of the system can be very easily obtained from these measurements; then its control becomes very simple. Two two-nested control loop schemes are used to control the tip position, by using a joint position and tip acceleration feedback, measured with accelerometers placed at the tip (first control scheme), or tip deflexions feedback, measured with strain gauges placed at the bars of the mechanism near the joints (second control scheme). Both control systems can be considered as equivalents when nominal payload is used for designing them. It can be proved that the use of strain gauges is more robust than the use of accelerometers as tip sensors if the tip mass differs from the nominal one. Simulated results are presented for both control schemes and different payload conditions. Comparative results between the controlled and non-controlled tip responses are also shown.