What factors determine the survival of green innovative enterprises in China? -- A method based on fsQCA

Increasingly serious environmental problems have generated a large number of small and medium-sized green innovative enterprises. Against the background of rapid technological changes and increasingly fierce market competition, survival is the main problem faced by these enterprises. Exploring the mechanisms and core elements that determine the survival of green innovation enterprises is of great practical significance for improving the survival probability of green innovation enterprises and achieving environmental improvement through green innovation.In this paper, twenty-nine enterprises that have won the title of “Top 10 Green Innovative Enterprises” in China are considered the research objects, and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method is used to examine the path combinations that affect the survival of enterprises from the perspectives of resource-based and dynamic capabilities. The findings are as follows. First, government support is key to the survival of green innovative enterprises; second, China's green innovative enterprises have a research and development dilemma, and only matching high R&D capacity with product competitiveness can enhance their survival capabilities; and third, the lack of resource base capacity is the key factor affecting the failure of green enterprises, and dynamic capacity is the key factor for the survival of green innovative enterprises. The main contribution of this paper to the field of management is that enterprises must always pay attention to the coordinated development of internal resource-based capability and external dynamic capability. Conversely, the Chinese government should provide high R&D support to enterprises with competitive products so that these enterprises can rapidly grow into leading enterprises through continuous innovation and drive the sustained and rapid development of China's green innovation industry.     

基于DEA-SBM/Malmquist的广东省创新型产业集群的创新效率研究

分析了创新型产业集群的特征,指出创新型产业集群中丰富的协同创新活动是促进企业创新绩效的有效方法,并提出创新平台是协同创新的优良载体,建设创新平台能有效促进企业创新。在实证分析中利用DEA SBM超效率模型和Malmquist指数,将创新平台加入到创新效率测度的投入变量中,以专利申请数为产出变量,对广东省不同地区的创新型产业集群的创新效率进行了测度。研究结果表明：广东省不同地区创新型产业集群之间的创新效率整体较高但是存在一定差异;创新平台作为创新投入变量是一个能深刻影响测量结果的因素;集群之间的创新平台建设差异较大,一些地区创新平台建设滞后。基于此提出5点政策建议。     

基于DEA-Tobit的创新型医药生物企业创新效率

利用DEA-Tobit两步法对中小板上市的创新型医药生物企业先测算了创新效率,进一步探讨了创新支持政策对创新效率的影响。实证研究表明,大部分企业技术效率不高,纯技术效率有提高,规模效率未达到有效;高强度的政府补贴提高了企业的纯技术效率;税费返还则对纯技术效率有负向影响;创新平台显著提高了技术效率和规模效率。     

基于产学研相结合的包装技术创新研究

结合包装企业产品特点及技术创新需求,建立基于企业需求的产学研模式,以实现包装技术的创新。实现包装技术创新的合作企业主要有产品加工企业、包装材料及制品企业、包装机械企业3类,与其产学研合作具有不同的特点。实现包装技术创新的方法主要有：实验小样与生产实际相结合与修正的方法,实验室技术与企业放大应用相结合试验的方法,实验优化与设备调试验证相结合的方法,承接企业委托攻关难题的方法等。     

用户体验创新驱动品牌升级的方法研究

目的探索在体验经济时代利用用户体验创新驱动品牌升级的方法与路径。方法通过探究体验经济的发展和实例,分析用户体验与品牌的内在联系,以及用户体验在品牌发展中不可或缺的作用。同时,通过分析品牌构成,明确用户体验创新驱动品牌升级的可行性,从品牌战略、品牌服务、品牌形象三个层面,深入阐述用户体验创新驱动品牌升级的路径。结论从用户、产品或服务、环境三个维度出发,在用户体验创新层面,品牌升级可以规划用户体验创新促进品牌战略升级、细分需求促进品牌服务升级、优化设计促进品牌形象升级三条路径。同时,企业可以通过创造需求为品牌注入创新基因、沉浸式体验设计,从而提升服务品质、体验结果设计、建设品牌生态链三个方法驱动品牌升级,保证企业长远健康发展。     

企业自主创新动力因素研究

自主创新在促进企业获取核心竞争优势中有着重要作用.本文结合对河南省300多家企业问卷调研结果,研究了企业自主创新动力因素如何影响并促进企业自主创新活动,并对各个动力因素的重要度进行了评价和比较.实证表明,企业家精神推动和市场推动是促进企业自主创新的主要因素.     

基于民族文化精神的设计创新方法研究

目的研究民族文化精神与设计的密切关系,传承民族文化精神对于丰富设计创新方法的重要价值、重要意义和作用。方法通过认识民族文化精神与设计的关系和影响,结合案例阐述民族文化精神对于设计创新的启示,以及解析民族文化精神在创新设计中的应用。结论学习和研究民族文化精神,并与设计的时代需求紧密结合,把深厚的文化精神浸润到创作神经,激发民族文化精神对于设计创新的价值,给予中国设计创新以文化亲切感、归属感和认同感,丰富中国设计创新理论。     

教师创新工作行为与创新气氛的关系

目的：编制教师创新工作行为问卷,并考察教师创新工作行为与学校组织创新气氛、创新动机的关系。方法：依据Janssen个体创新工作行为理论,结合教师访谈,编制教师创新工作行为初测问卷;根据374份有效数据进行探索性因素分析;根据470份调查问卷结果,采用内部一致性分析、结构方程模型技术结构和层次回归分析进行验证和变量关系分析。结果：探索性因素分析表明,教师创新工作行为由创新意愿、创新行动、创新成果3个维度构成;验证性因素分析、内部一致性分析和层次回归分析证实了教师创新工作行为的构想效度。学校创新气氛对教师创新工作行为有显著的正向预测作用;创新动机对创新气氛与创新工作行为关系的中介效应显著。结论：教师创新工作行为问卷有良好的信度和效度;教师创新动机在学校组织创新气氛与教师创新工作行为关系中具有显著的中介作用。     

河南省重点企业技术创新的特征分析

基于对132家河南省重点企业的问卷调查数据,运用描述性统计方法,从技术创新动力、创新能力2个方面分析了河南省重点企业技术创新的基本特征.研究结果表明,河南省重点企业技术创新以领导推动为主要动力、以自主创新为主要模式,这与以往的研究观点认为河南省重点企业技术创新主要是模仿创新的结论有所不同.     

An efficient method for large-scale slack allocation

This article concerns a timing or project graph, with given delays on the edges and given arrival times at the source and sink nodes. The arrival times at the other nodes are to be chosen; these determine the timing slacks, which must be non-negative, on the edges. The set of possible timing slacks is a polyhedron; to choose one, a separable concave utility function, such as the sum of the logarithms of the slacks, is maximized. This slack allocation problem, which can be given a simple statistical interpretation, is convex, and can be solved by a variety of methods. Gradient and coordinate ascent methods are simple and scale to large problems, but can converge slowly, depending on the topology and problem data. The Newton method, in contrast, reliably computes an accurate solution, but typically cannot scale beyond problems with a few thousand nodes. This article describes a custom truncated Newton method that efficiently computes an accurate solution, and scales to large graphs (say, with a million or more nodes). The method typically requires just a few hundred iterations, with each iteration requiring a few passes over the graph; in particular, the method has approximately linear complexity in the size of the problem. The same approach can be used to solve slack allocation problems with constraints, using an interior-point method that relies on the custom truncated Newton approach.     

工业设计视阈下的设计驱动型品牌创新范式研究

目的 探究几种典型的设计驱动型品牌的创新范式,为国内不同类型的企业转向设计驱动型品牌提供创新范式参考。方法 借助设计驱动式创新理论确定设计驱动型品牌的特征,并以此为根据判断研究对象设计驱动型品牌,再从创意来源、创意实现过程和创新成果3个方面分析不同的设计创新驱动式创新范式。结论 以鸿翼科技为代表的设计探索式创新,其创意来源于内部团队挖掘痛点,以优化产品和解决市场痛点为创新逻辑,其创意效果根据企业的创新策略而实现,其成果以硬件产品为主。以小米公司为代表的设计开放式创新,其创意来源于线上用户社群和生态链创新团队,且创意过程由研发工程师在线获取反馈信息而实现,最终创新成果主要表现为硬件产品、系统和服务。以苹果公司为代表的设计整合式创新,其创意来源于虚拟社群和技术整合,且创意过程由内部团队根据企业目标而实现,最终创新结果主要有硬件产品、软件、系统、技术和服务。     

The inventive activities and collaboration pattern of university–industry–government in China based on patent analysis

China’s economy and technology have experienced spectacular growth since the Opening-up Policy adopted in 1978. In order to explore the innovation process and development of China, this study examines the inventive activities and the collaboration pattern of university, industry and government (UIG) in China. This study analyzes the Chinese patent data retrieved from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Three models of UIG relations which represent different triple helix configurations are introduced. According to the property of patent assignee, patent ownership can be divided into three types: individuals, enterprises, and universities and research institutes. Furthermore, enterprises can be classified into state-owned enterprise (SOE), private-owned enterprise (POE) and foreign enterprise (FE). The corresponding relationship of patent ownership with UIG is set up. Through analyzing the issued year, it is found that the inventive activities of China have experienced three developmental phases and have been promoted quickly in recent years. The achievement of innovation activities in China primarily falls on the enterprise, especially FEs and POEs. The innovation strengths of the three development phases have shifted from government to university and research institute and then industry. According to co-patent analysis, it is found that the collaboration between university and industry is the strongest and has been intensified in recent years, but other forms of collaboration among UIG have been weak. In addition, an innovation relation model of China was set up. The evolution process of innovation systems was explored, from etatistic model, followed by improved “laissez-faire” model, and then shifting toward triple helix model.     

突破性创新与突破性创新设计研究综述

目的 将突破性创新设计从突破性创新与创新设计研究中分离出来进行专题分析。方法 采用跨学科横向关联的方法,通过文献检索,分析技术创新管理领域关于突破性创新的研究成果,并归纳了3个主题。分析了设计与工程设计、创新设计的特征,并将创新设计分为3类,其中一类是突破性创新设计,最后对突破性创新设计所涉及内容进行文献分析。结论 实现了Leifer等提出的突破性创新的3个基本特征,这些特征的实现也是突破性创新设计成功的参考。突破性创新设计是创新设计的一类,其关键是通过已有跨学科效应或跨行业技术的搜索与应用,实现核心技术的突破。突破性创新设计过程包括机遇识别、突破性技术实现等关键阶段,在C–TRIZ框架下已构建了几种过程模型,并可供企业参考。技术创新管理领域中关于突破性创新的研究,为突破性创新设计提供特征参考,两类研究属于不同领域,但可形成上下游关系。这种观点为创新设计跨学科研究提供了一种新思路。     

发展高新技术 必先营造制度环境

结合国内外专家对经济增长源泉认识的不同观点及我国企业的现状和面临的问题,认为营造制度环境和管理创新是发展我国高新技术的关键。     

基于优先级层次熵的高新技术企业创新能力评价方法

高新技术企业作为科技创新和科技成果应用的主体,分析和评价其技术创新能力水平,有助于加快推进其高质量发展。本文利用相关系数法和德尔菲法确定一级指标3个、二级指标13个。考虑到指标优先级的影响,提出一种不完全指标序关系修正方法,并结合层次分析法以及熵值提出了一种组合赋权方法。以广东省典型高新技术企业进行示例论证,结果表明,该方法能够保证指标优先级不变并包含主、客观权重信息,取得了良好效果。     

Are Trademark Counts a Valid Indicator of Innovation? Results of an In-Depth Study of New Benelux Trademarks Filed by SMEs

This paper extends the emerging literature on the value of trademarks for innovation studies and policy-making with the first empirical study at the trademark level. It gives a view on how companies use trademarks and interpret trademark activities. A sample of 660 new Benelux trademarks registered by small- and medium-sized enterprises reveals that 60 per cent of recently registered Benelux trademarks refer to innovation activity, predominantly to product or service innovation. The reference to innovation co-varies with various applicant and trademark characteristics unknown from previous studies. Finally, the sample reveals that most of the trademarks used to signal innovative offers are filed close to its market introduction without combining them with other intellectual property rights. This holds especially for trademarks related to service innovation.     

逆向工程和快速成型技术在新中式家具中的应用

目的 运用逆向工程和快速成型技术进行新中式家具设计的创新应用。方法 通过研究逆向工程和快速成型技术的原理、流程和方法,探索逆向工程和快速成型技术在家具设计中的创新应用,提出解决新中式家具创新设计的技术路线,拟定方法流程并对中国传统家具——圈椅进行三维模型数据的获取,重新建立模型,进行更加适合当前形势的新中式家具的创新改良设计,最后运用FDM 3D打印机对创新改良后的方案进行打印。结论 利用逆向工程和快速成型技术对传统中式家具进行新时期的创新改良设计是可行的,这不仅仅遵从传统的家具设计原型,而且能以此为基础,进行更有依据性、直观性的创新改良。这不仅为新时期传统家具创新设计的开发、改良提供新思路,而且为中华民族传统文化的传播及传承发展贡献一份力量。     

中国当代传统家具的创新历程及创新趋势

目的 回顾与梳理中国当代传统家具的创新历程,并分期;归纳当代传统家具的创新趋势。方法 通过文献查阅、实地调查和访谈,对当代以来的传统家具创新设计理论和案例进行梳理,对相关创新背景进行挖掘,对相关设计师、企业管理者、技术人员等进行深入调查和访谈,力求较为完整地梳理出当代传统家具的创新历程;通过比较分析法对整个创新历程进行阶段划分;通过归纳法,初步总结当代传统家具的创新趋势。结论 中国当代传统家具创新经历了20世纪50年代至70年代的蛰伏期、20世纪80年代的萌动期、20世纪90年代的发轫期、21世纪前10年的蓬勃期和21世纪20年代的风发期5个阶段,而且,自20世纪90年代以来,其逐渐呈现出“创新热”的特质;当代传统家具创新呈现出产品体系愈发完善、创新体系愈发成熟、创新题材愈发扩展、创新途径愈发多元、创新理念愈发交融、创新理论和方法愈发完备和科学的趋势。     

Steering firm performance through innovative capabilities: A contingency approach to innovation management

Today's business environment is filled with fierce competition, rapid technological changes and market uncertainty. For survival, organizations have no option but to embrace innovation both in their processes and product. Performance of innovative capabilities depends on the speed and quality of new product and processes. Contingent resource-based view is used in this study to understand the effect of innovative capabilities on various functional performances. Data was gathered from 115 senior-level managers working in engineering or marketing department of manufacturing firms. PLS-SEM is used for outer and inner measurement model validation. Results of this study reveal that process innovation and product innovation complements each other for improving innovation speed and quality. Moreover, in the case innovative products, manufacturing performance is a key to enhance marketing performance and firm competitive capabilities. This research provides various new insights for the research and development concerns and marketer for developing a successful case of introducing a new product in the market.     

The Catalysing Role of In-House R&D in Fostering Complementarity Among Innovative Inputs

While several studies have investigated the relationship between internal and external sources of innovation, no clear-cut result has emerged so far, suggesting the possibility that the nature of such interaction—far from being an absolute property of the innovative process—may instead be a relative one, contingent upon the nature and the level of innovative inputs a firm has invested in. Using microdata from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey, we test under what conditions the nature of the interactions between four different innovative inputs (internal and external R&D, embodied and disembodied technological acquisition) is one of complementarity or substitutability. Two are the main findings of our study: (i) internal R&D and embodied technological acquisitions turn out to be complementary only after a minimum threshold of in-house R&D expenditure has been overcome, being substitutive otherwise; (ii) investing in internal R&D also affects the nature of the relationships between alternative external sources of innovation, whose interaction proves to be complementary only for firms that invest in internal R&D.