钛合金表面辉光无氢渗碳的研究

采用双层辉光无氢离子渗碳技术在本底真空为 5×10-3Pa 的情况下,用 99.999%的高纯氩气对 Ti-6Al-4V 钛合金进行无氢渗碳。检测结构为:渗碳层厚度大于 200μm;表面层有一层以 TiC 为主的沉积层;在渗层中有 TiC 相生成;渗层的近表面硬度为 7 000 MPa;与刚玉球的摩擦力矩大幅度降低。通过研究得出:钛材经过双辉离子无氢渗碳后,不仅提高了表面的硬度,同时降低了摩擦系数,因而使耐磨性能得到了提高。     

纯钛表面等电位空心阴极辉光放电无氢渗碳的研究（英文）

在纯钛相变温度下,利用等电位空心阴极辉光放电技术在纯钛表面进行无氢渗碳处理。分别利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对试样的表面形貌、成分分布和相组成进行分析;利用摩擦磨损试验仪对试样的摩擦学性能进行研究;利用电化学工作站,在室温静态条件下对试样在3.5%Na Cl水溶液中的耐蚀性能进行研究。结果显示,经过无氢渗碳处理,在纯钛表面形成了高硬度的合金改性层,改性层的最大厚度是7.5μm,最大HV_(0.2)显微硬度为12.98 GPa,是基体硬度的5.43倍。由于表面硬度的提高,试样的耐磨性能也显著增强,试样的平均摩擦系数是0.312,较原始试样的0.746明显降低。在3.5%NaC l水溶液中,试样的最低年腐蚀速率是原始试样的1/11。因此,在保证基体力学性能的前提下,试样的耐磨耐蚀性能明显提高。     

纯钛表面等电位空心阴极辉光放电无氢渗碳的研究

在纯钛相变温度下,利用等电位空心阴极辉光放电技术在纯钛表面进行无氢渗碳处理。分别利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对试样的表面形貌、成分分布和相组成进行分析;利用摩擦磨损试验仪对试样的摩擦学性能进行研究;利用电化学工作站,在常温静态条件下对试样在3.5%NaCl水溶液的耐蚀性能进行研究;结果显示,经过无氢渗碳处理,在纯钛表面形成了高硬度的合金改性层,改性层的最大厚度是7.5 μm,最大显微硬度是1298 HV0.2,是基体硬度的5.43倍。由于表面硬度的提高,试样的耐磨性能也显著增强,试样的平均摩擦系数是0.312,较原始试样的0.746明显降低。在3.5%NaCl水溶液中,试样的最低年腐蚀速率是原始试样的1/11。因此,在保证基体力学性能的前提下,试样的耐磨耐蚀性能明显提高。     

网状双阴极法纯钛表面无氢渗碳的研究

采用网状双阴极法对纯钛表面进行离子无氢渗碳,在纯钛表面形成冶金结合的高硬度合金渗层;硬度检测表明纯钛表面硬度可达1050HK,合金渗层硬度呈梯度分布;辉光放电光电子谱仪(GDS)渗层成分检测结果表明表面含碳量可达29．8％,合金渗层的碳含量也呈梯度分布;划痕试验显示渗层与基体结合好、无剥离现象。     

钛表面无氢渗碳研究现状

综述了钛表面无氢渗碳法——固体渗碳法和辉光等离子无氢渗碳法的研究成果。固体渗碳法可在钛表面形成Ti C等耐磨相、提高表面硬度,但也存在诸多不足,如反应气氛不可控,伴有多种氧化物、氮化物,渗层有剥落,耐蚀性不佳。辉光等离子无氢渗碳可形成Ti C的梯度扩渗层,同时也可在表面形成一层碳膜,这种渗碳层既耐磨又减摩,可大幅降低摩擦系数、磨损率,在盐酸、硫酸等还原性酸中耐蚀性大幅提高。经过无氢渗碳技术处理的钛液压件、球阀、齿轮等已在耐磨耐蚀领域得到应用。     

TiAl基合金的离子渗碳研究

试验研究了钛铝基合金离子渗碳后的渗层组织结构、渗碳温度和时间对渗层厚度、表面硬度的影响.结果表明,钛铝基合金经离子渗碳处理后,渗层由碳化物层与过渡层组成;提高渗碳温度及延长保温时间将使渗层厚度逐渐增加:与未处理试样相比,表面硬度显著提高.     

钛材表面无氢式一次性形成金属碳化物新方法

发明了1种能够在钛材表面无氢式一次性形成金属碳化物的三栅极离子渗镀新方法。系统工作时所产生的等离子从空隙处直接奔向工件待处理表面，从而无氢式一次性在金属材料表面形成由镀层、或扩散层或渗镀层构成的金属碳化物表面改性合金层。利用该方法在纯钛(TA2)基材表面进行了一次性无氢式渗碳和C，Mo共渗的试验。试样的x射线衍射分析(XRD)、辉光放电分析(GDA)等测试结果表明，在钛基表面形成了具有金属碳化物及碳扩散次层的渗镀合金层，渗镀成分呈现明显的梯度分布，厚度在20μm以上，最高硬度可达13000MPa。     

TA1纯钛离子碳氮共渗改性层耐磨性能研究

对TA1纯钛进行了离子碳氮共渗。用扫描电镜对离子碳氮共渗的TA1纯钛改性层进行了观察。用X射线衍射仪测定了改性层的物相。用能谱仪对改性层作成分分析。用显微硬度计测定改性层的硬度。用SRV摩擦磨损试验机测定摩擦系数,在往复式磨损试验机上进行,磨损试验。结果表明,经离子碳氮共渗的TA1纯钛表面获得了金黄色、均匀的Ti2N／TiN改性层,显微硬度为840HV0．01。碳氮共渗表面改性层能明显提高纯钛TA1的耐磨性。     

纯钛表面辉光放电W-Mo共渗层的显微结构及力学性能

利用空心阴极等离子放电表面合金化技术,在低于纯钛相变温度(882℃)下,在纯Ti表面进行W-Mo二元共渗。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了合金渗层的显微结构及物相组成,利用HMV-1T型显微硬度计测试了试样的表面和截面硬度,并用静拉伸试验分析了W-Mo共渗前后试样的力学性能。结果表明,纯Ti在经过辉光放电W-Mo共渗处理后,在其表面形成了厚度为15μm的WMo合金层,合金渗层致密,无显微裂纹,并与基体结合良好。处理后的试样中最大的抗拉强度为546 MPa,比原始试样提升了49%,表面最大的显微硬度为1 196HV0.1,较原始试样增加了6.85倍。纯Ti经过WMo二元共渗后,其表面硬度增加,抗拉强度增加,表面的力学性能得到改善。     

纯钛表面辉光放电W-Mo共渗层的耐磨及耐蚀性能

采用等电位空心阴极辉光放电技术对纯钛进行W-Mo二元共渗,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计对试样的结构形貌、渗层成分分布及相组成、硬度进行研究.利用摩擦磨损试验仪对试样的摩擦学性能进行研究,利用电化学腐蚀工作站,研究了W-Mo合金渗层在常温静态条件下,在3.5％ NaCl腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性能.结果表明,经W-Mo共渗处理后纯钛表面形成了一层均匀致密的W-Mo改性层,渗层最大厚度达到16.6 μm,最大硬度达到1196HV0.1,是基体的6.85倍.W-Mo共渗后改性层主要由W、Mo、MoTi、TixW1-x相组成.由于表面硬度的大幅提升,试样表面的耐磨性也显著提高,最低摩擦系数仅为0.23,较原始试样的0.516明显减小.测得的试样最低腐蚀速率为0.0016 mm/a,是原始试样的1/230,耐蚀性能也显著提高.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.