配电网无序树形网络拓扑的建立和遍历

分析了配电网络的特点，在分析配电网的无向图描述的基础上提出了一种配电网元件基类模型，介绍了运用该模型建立配电网无序树形网络拓扑的方法以及用栈遍历配电网无序树的算法，最后给出了算法流程图。     

配电网潮流的有效算法

在分析配电网络结构特点和现有配电网潮流计算方法伟缺点的基础上，提出一种有效的配电网潮流算法。该算法与配电网潮流计算中广泛采用的前推回代法相比，无需复杂了节点编号，适用于弱于环网运行的配电网，算法简捷，收敛性好。算例证明了该文方法的有效性。     

城市中压配电网接线模式识别

在配电网的评估、改造和规划中，网架结构十分重要。配电网的接线模式是网架结构的基本反映。为解决对实际配电网进行网架结构分析时数据多，工作量大，分析比较困难的问题，提出了一种基于网络拓扑分析和模式识别理论的城市中压配电网接线模式识别方法。该方法结合了中压配电网的结构特点和各种典型接线模式的具体特征，可有效地自动识别城市中压配电网的典型接线模式，以利于全面了解中压配电网结构特征，发现其薄弱环节，这对接线模式的简化和标准化具有重要意义。     

基于遗传退火法的网络重构技术

提出一种将遗传算法与模拟退火法相结合的方法（GSA）用于配电网重构技术，首先采用一种已用于配电网重构的编码方案，修正的遗传算法决定模拟退火法的初始结构与初始温度，然后采用模拟退火法搜索全局最优解，同时为加快计算速度，采用了一种快速潮流计算法，最后将算法用于一个典型的配电网系统，并分别与遗传算法和退火法所搜索的结果进行了比较，效果显著。     

基于抗灾变性分析的配电网扩展规划

为了指导配电网扩展规划，建立了配电网抗灾变能力的分析评价体系，定义了风险系数、抗灾变系数、网架抗灾变率和配电网静态安全率等指标，描述了配电网抗灾变性分析流程。以总甩负荷量最少为目标，以允许的扩展投资总额和允许的电压限值为约束条件，提出了一种基于抗灾变性分析的配电网扩展规划的启发式方法。所给出的规划实例表明：抗灾变性分析对于发现配电网的关键和薄弱环节以及“瓶颈”，有针对性地进行配电网扩展规划具有指导意义，提出的扩展规划方法是可行的。     

配电网拓扑结构概念聚类及其在优化规划中的应用

聚类分析是一种无监督的机器学习方法。被广泛应用于各研究领域。在城市配电网优化规划的研究中，现有的关于网络拓扑结构分析的一些方法并不适用于配电网优化规划工作，而关于配电网拓扑结构聚类分析的研究更是鲜见报道。基于对配电网结构、运行特点以及优化规划工作实际需要的认知，提出了一种结合模糊逻辑的配电网拓扑结构概念聚类方法，对于推进配电网优化规划问题的研究具有广泛的实际意义。为检验该方法的有效性，在该方法的基础上引入几个简单的概念，构成一个基本的机器学习模块，该模块可以方便地“嵌入”基于Agent行为和范例学习的新型遗传算法中，以提高原算法的计算性能。并用算例证明了在引入基于配电网拓扑结构概念聚类的机器学习模块后，新型遗传算法具有更高的计算效率和求解质量。     

一种配电网的实用潮流算法

在分析配电网络结构特点和现有配电网潮流计算方法优缺点的基础上，提出了一种基于叠加原理的配电网潮流算法。该算法用节点导纳矩阵描述网络拓扑结构，与配电网潮流计算中被广泛采用的前推回代法相比，它毋需复杂的节点编号，且也适用于弱环网运行的配电网潮流计算，算法简捷实用。用30节点的算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于节点电纳摄动的通用配电网损耗分配方法

文中主要探讨配电网损耗的分配方法。针对含有转供和小电源的任意结构配电网，分析并给出了损耗分配的对象和基本要求。提出了一种基于节点电纳摄动改造配电网全节点导纳矩阵可逆性的方法。这种改造方法从损耗分配的合理性与潮流误差出发确定电纳摄动点和摄动值，使任意配电网的全节点阻抗矩阵能够可靠计算。最后基于全节点阻抗矩阵和交易的等值节点电流提出了一种通用的配电网损耗分配方法。这种分配方法既适用任意结构的配电网络和Pool与Bilateral交易，又满足电路定律、具有可加性和聚合不变性的经济特征。仿真结果验证了文中方法的有效性。     

基于故障投诉的配电网故障定位不精确推理系统

提出了一种新的实现配电网故障定位的不确定推理系统，该系统基于用户投诉的不精确信息，采用贝叶斯不精确推理法和面向对象技术，可以排除少数故障投诉中错误信息的不利影响，最终获得比较可信的故障定位结果；论述了面向故障定位的配电网建模方法和贝叶斯不精确推理方法；详细讨论了投诉信息的可信度和不精确规则等主观参数的设置方法以及故障定位算法。文中给出了典型算例，计算结果表明该系统有效地解决了配电网故障定位中的不确定性问题。为配电网的故障定位提供了一种高效的解决方案。     

有小水电供电的配电网技术线损的计算方法

分析了６～１０ｋＶ配电网技术线损计算的等值模型，针对小水电供电的配电网技术线损计算困难的问题，基于等值模型提出了一种有效计算方法，验算表明，该方法是可行的，实用的。     

基于二级分裂迭代法的配电网潮流计算方法

二级多重分裂迭代法是一类新的求解大规模稀疏线性代数方程组的有效并行计算方法.文中简单介绍了二级多重分裂迭代法,并结合配电网潮流计算从数学和物理意义上对内分裂、外分裂方法进行描述,继而导出基于二级分裂迭代法的配电网潮流计算方法.作为算例,利用导出的算法对IEEE 32节点系统和一个实际的较大规模配电系统进行了潮流分析计算,并对算法性能进行了分析和比较.研究工作的主要目的是将二级多重分裂迭代法这一新方法引入电力系统的分析计算,并对算法进行一个基本的评估.     

Analysis of Measured Data in Unbalanced Distribution System and Method of Making of Distribution System Model for Analyzing

In recent years, rapid introduction of photovoltaic power systems (PVs) causes voltage rise in distribution systems. In addition, residential PVs cause voltage unbalance in distribution systems. For these reasons, it has become difficult to control voltage in distribution systems to within the allowable range. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the voltage unbalance suppression method corresponding to the measured data in unbalanced distribution systems. Thus, we measured voltage on the distribution lines that are expected to large voltage imbalance and analyzed the reality of voltage unbalance. Also, static VAR compensator is suitable for voltage unbalance suppression, although it is expensive. Therefore, we make the distribution system model using the measured voltage in distribution systems to verify the voltage unbalance suppression effect.     

考虑多维性能衰减的储能电池系统运行可靠性评估方法

储能电池系统的发展是推进“双碳”目标的关键所在，伴随而来的却是储能电站的安全隐患，亟需对储能电池系统的可靠性进行准确评估。为此，提出考虑多维性能衰减的储能电池运行可靠性评估方法。首先，提出了基于高斯过程的储能电池性能衰减过程电压特征量分布计算方法，计算充放电循环过程中电压特征量的概率分布，为刻画电池性能衰减提供了重要维度。然后，提出了基于多维通用生成函数的储能电池系统运行可靠性评估方法，通过电压特征量和容量的概率分布计算储能电池单体的可靠性。进而定义可考虑储能电池拓扑连接情况的串并联关系函数，计算储能电池系统整体的可靠性。最后，基于NASA储能电池数据的算例仿真表明所提方法能够实现储能电池系统可靠性的精准评估。     

Positive Effect of Constant Leading Power Factor Operation of PV in Power System

A voltage rise problem in distribution networks has been discussed as the foremost concern with respect to the spread of large numbers of photovoltaic systems. We focus on the latent ability of the present distribution network and photovoltaic systems to find a low‐cost solution to the problem and consider a solution to mitigate the voltage rise using the photovoltaic system's constant leading power factor operation. Previously, based on simulations using an aggregated model of a real distribution network, we proposed that a combination of a photovoltaic system's constant leading power factor operation and LDC makes it possible to maintain the line voltage and LTC tap position adequately. In this paper, additionally, we confirm some effects of the proposed method in an aggregated model of a distribution network and a trunk power system. One of them is that the proposed method reduces the frequency of restricting output power from photovoltaic systems and changing the LTC and SVR tap position, although photovoltaic systems rapidly fluctuate. Another is that the proposed method cannot make a significant impact on a trunk power system in a voltage class exceeding 6.6 kV.     

Probability evaluation of low-voltage distribution equipment lightning failures due to AC arc

To construct low-voltage power distribution systems, it is important to have correct information on the probability of failures by lightning to meet the requirement for high reliability of these systems. The burn-out of low-voltage distribution equipment is triggered by flashover due to lightning overvoltage followed by the arc discharge current at the commercial frequency voltage. The arc characteristics were investigated by superimposing the lightning impulse voltage across terminals of the low-voltage distribution equipment connected to the commercial frequency power supply to reproduce these events on an experimental basis. As a result, it was found that the arc characteristics were affected by a number of factors. The probability of flashover occurrence on low-voltage distribution equipment is determined based on the frequency distribution data of lightning overvoltage occurrence obtained by monitoring the surge counters on actual distribution lines. Then the probability distribution of arc currents is established by application of the forementioned experimental equation on arc characteristics. Finally, the method for evaluating damages by lightning to low-voltage distribution equipment on actual lines was investigated with the frequency of lightning strokes and the configuration of low-voltage distribution systems taken into consideration.     

配网三相潮流的常雅可比牛顿算法

根据牛顿法的基本原理,本文基于配电网的特点,提出了一种新的适用于不对称配电网的三相常雅可比潮流算法.该算法引入内节点来处理平衡节点处的三相电压不平衡,同时对负荷节点进行了合理的假设,最终得到的雅可比矩阵为常数矩阵,在迭代过程中保持不变;同时算法不解耦,不受大的R/X的影响;该算法对有环配网也同样适用.文中通过对算例进行仿真,表明该算法有可靠的稳定性和好的收敛速度.     

A three-phase power flow method for real-time distribution systemanalysis

This paper presents a three-phase power flow solution method for real-time analysis of primary distribution systems. This method is a direct extension of the compensation-based power flow method for weakly meshed distribution systems from single phase to three-phase, with the emphasis on modeling of dispersed generation (PV nodes), unbalanced and distributed loads, and voltage regulators and shunt capacitors with automatic local tap controls. The method proposed here is capable of addressing these modeling challenges while still maintaining a high execution speed required for real-time application in distribution automation systems. The paper also includes test results from the application of a computer program developed based on the proposed method to large primary electric distribution systems     

Distribution system reconfiguration using a modified Tabu Search algorithm

This article presents an efficient meta-heuristic method for reconfiguration of distribution systems. A modified Tabu Search (MTS) algorithm is used to reconfigure distribution systems so that active power losses are globally minimized with turning on/off sectionalizing switches. TS algorithm is introduced with some modifications such as using a tabu list with variable size according to the system size. Also, a random multiplicative move is used in the search process to diversify the search toward unexplored regions. The Kirchhoff algebraic method is adopted to check the radial topology of the system. A salient feature of the MTS method is that it can quickly provide a global optimal or near-optimal solution to the network reconfiguration problem. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the effect of load variation is taken into consideration and comparative studies are conducted on three test systems with rather encouraging results. The obtained results, using the proposed MTS approach, are compared with that obtained using other approaches in the previous work.     

Fast power flow for radial power systems using parallel processing

Power flow calculation is a basic tool for power system planning and control which includes power flow analysis, voltage control, service restoration, network reconfiguration, and other operation functions for control centers. In these applications, it is very important to solve the power flow problem as efficiently as possible. This paper presents a fast power flow using parallel processing for radial power systems. This method can be applied to secondary systems and distribution systems. Since it uses as state variables only active and reactive power injection to main lines and laterals, reduction of the number of state variables can be realized. Radical networks are mapped to the tree structure of parallel processor systems in the proposed method. The forward/backward sweep approach is realized by communication from a root processor to leaf processors and vice versa. Using the mapping scheme of the proposed method, each processor has to communicate with only neighboring processors. The proposed method is evaluated on various radial systems with promising results.     

Enhancement of an object-oriented expert system for contingency load transfer of distribution systems

This paper proposes a methodology to solve contingency load transfer of distribution systems by applying the object-oriented expert system. By this method, the faulted area is isolated and restored and the unfaulted, but out of service, area is restored effectively. Since the fault restoration has to be performed in a short time period and the affected area has to be constrained in a small area, it has become a critical issue to enhance the system reliability for the distribution system operation. The knowledge rule base with object-oriented programming can be designed to support distribution contingency management in an effective manner. The distribution facilities are designed as a class in the database and the distribution operation rules are created to form the knowledge base. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, one of the Taipower distribution systems is selected for computer simulation. It is concluded that the contingency load transfer of distribution systems can be solved efficiently by identifying the proper switching operation to solve the distribution contingency problem.