大豆异黄酮的功能及工艺研究

随着人们对大豆及其制品的营养作用和保健功效的研究，发现大豆除不含胆固醇，是优质蛋白质和油脂的重要来源外，还含有许多有益的生物活性物质，如大豆磷脂、大豆低聚糖、大豆皂苷和大豆异黄酮等，在这些生物活性物质中，大豆异黄酮因具有明显的生物学活性已越来越引起社会和学术界的普遍关注，是近年来科学家研究的热点。研究表明，大豆异黄酮与人类健康密切相关，具有许多生理功能。     

大豆异黄酮精制工艺研究

大豆异黄酮是近年来被广泛关注的保健产品，具有多种生物活性。但由于它在大豆中的含量低，只有千分之几的含量，因此从大豆中提取及精制高纯度大豆异黄酮非常困难。本文采取溶剂法与重结晶法联用，可以得到纯度较高的大豆异黄酮产品。     

转基因大豆品种为何受到美国大豆协会的支持

美国大豆协会以及美国的种植者对转基因技术非常感兴趣，但这并不表明美国大豆协会只支持种植转基因大豆，它也同样支持种植其他传统品种。但是与其他许多事物一样，这种新技术产品的优势是有目共睹的，虽然本文将重点讨论转基因大豆，但这种优势并不仅限于转基因大豆。     

至2007年12月底巴西没有发现大豆锈病

据巴西政府下属农业研究机构EMBRAPA称，截至到2007年12月底在巴西大豆作物中未发现引起亚洲大豆锈病的真菌。自2001年首次出现后，亚洲大豆锈病真菌就借助风力传播到了巴西所有大豆产区。这种真菌病能够导致大豆落叶、豆英脱落。亚洲大豆锈病真菌能够快速传播，并致使大豆单产减少高达80％。2006年度亚洲大豆锈病发生数量相对少于2005年同期。由于2006年杀菌剂应用下降，从而农药用量减少到15．8亿美元。     

ARF：一种防治线虫的潜在生物药剂

在许多大豆生产国中，大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)是一种危害大豆的重要线虫，常导致大豆产量的巨大损失。化学药剂能够经济、有效地控制大豆胞囊线虫的危害，但由于化学药剂对生产者或应用者、以及环境等存在着诸多问题，使得化学药剂的应用受到了限制。尽管抗病品种能够减轻大豆胞囊线虫的危害，但该类线虫具有许多不同的寄生变种，     

科学防除豆田病虫草

山东省危害较重、发生普遍的大豆病害主要有大豆花叶病毒病，大豆根腐病、大豆霜霉病等。防治这些病害发生最经济有效的方法均是选用抗病品种。对于大豆花叶病毒病的防治，可建立留种田，及时拔除病株，以无褐斑粒的无病种子留作种用；及时防治蚜虫和加强肥水管理可减轻发病。     

大豆田的主要杂草及防除策略

随着旱田作物栽培的不断发展，大豆的栽培面积也不断增大。在2002年，世界大豆的耕种面积为8120万hm^2，到2003年则为8520万hm^2，增加了4．7％。产量的增长，无疑也加剧了市场竞争，故而在大豆栽培中更加强调省力、低成本及高品质，以能在剧烈的市场中立于不败之地。要提高大豆品质，对大豆田的杂草管理也是至关重要的一个环节。本文就国外大豆田的主要杂草及其防除对策作一概述。     

磷锌配施对夏大豆增产效应的研究

磷锌配施对夏大豆增产效应的研究王学勤，张书中，孙进明，张景峰（河南省周口地区农科所）黄淮平原是我国夏大豆的主产区。传统观念认为夏大豆不需要施肥，主要利用前茬小麦的残留肥效，故产量水平较低。近年来，由于人们对植物蛋白的需求日渐增多，对大豆出现了供不应求...     

40%多菌灵SC在大豆和土壤中的残留动态

为了使多菌灵在大豆上的使用更加安全合理，将40％多菌灵SC于大豆播种前拌种进行田间试验，用高效液相色谱法，研究了多菌灵在大豆及土壤中的残留动态，测定了多菌灵在大豆及土壤中的残留量。两年的试验结果表明，多菌灵在大豆植株及土壤中消解较慢，其半衰期分别为18．3-21．6d和55．2-57．1d。大豆收获期籽粒和土壤中的最终残留量均低于0．005mg／kg和0．35mg／kg。     

赛豆防除大豆田杂草试验

赛豆可湿性粉剂是一次性大豆田除草剂。试验结果表明，亩用７５克，１００克，１２５克三种剂量，除草效果在８４．４％以上，均对大豆安全，它扩大了杀草谱，可防除整个大豆生长期杂草。     

豆乙微乳剂作用特性及其应用

豆乙微乳剂是沈阳化工研究院于１９９６年研制的大豆田除草混剂,苗前土壤处理可防除大豆田中大多数杂草,一次用药全季受佃,而且对大豆安全,无后茬残留,使用方便室内试验表明;其除草效果与土壤有机质,土壤持水量密切相关。     

Effects of the diluent mixing ratio and conditions of the thermally induced phase-separation process on the pore size of microporous polyethylene membranes

Microporous polyethylene (PE) membranes having a controlled pore size were produced via the thermally induced phase separation process by manipulation of the phase boundary of the PE/diluent blend and process conditions. The phase boundary of the PE blend, caused by upper critical solution temperature type phase behavior, was controlled by the use of a diluent mixture, that is, an isoparaffin/soybean oil mixture. The phase-separation temperature of the PE/soybean oil blend was always higher than that of the PE/isoparaffin blend. In PE/(isoparaffin/soybean oil) ternary blends, the phase-separation temperature of the ternary blend rapidly increased with increasing soybean oil content in the diluent mixture. Furthermore, the phase-separation temperatures of ternary blends were always higher than that of the PE/soybean oil blend, regardless of the blend compositions, when the diluent mixture contained more than 50 wt % soybean oil. The observed phase behavior of the ternary blends was analyzed with interaction energy densities calculated with the Flory–Huggins theory and ternary stability conditions. The growth of droplets caused by both coalescence and the Oswald ripening process was observed after the onset of phase separation. As the blends became less stable, the droplet growth rate increased, and larger equilibrium droplets were formed. Microporous membranes with the desired pore structure could be prepared by control of the phase boundary and the variation of processing conditions such as the quenching depth, annealing time, and cooling rate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Hexane elimination from soybean oil by continuous packed tower processing with supercritical CO2

Hexane elimination is the most energy-consuming step in the industrial extraction of soybean oil. It utilizes three sets of equipment: two evaporation stages in series followed by a stripper at a pressure of about 0.07 bar. The final hexane residue in the oil is about 1000 ppm. We propose an alternative to the present process for hexane elimination, based on the extraction of the soybean oil/hexane mixture with supercritical CO₂ in a continuous countercurrent packed tower. In this work, we tested a soybean oil/hexane mixture feed containing 10% by weight of hexane. Various pressures and temperatures of the column were tested to reduce hexane residue in the oil. The extraction process was demonstrated to be very effective for hexane separation. Indeed, at the bottom of the column we recovered soybean oil containing quantities of hexane as low as 20 ppm when we operated at 120 bar, 40°C. The effect of process parameters is also discussed.     

大豆田除草剂混用对氟乐灵抗性杂草控制作用的研究

盆栽试验和田间试验结果表明,当前大豆田普遍应用的１２种除草剂混用对豆田杂草孩子作效果很好,整个生育期最低防效达８８．６％,而对６种氟乐灵抗性杂草的控制效果则不同。迷收及其混用对跖草特效,特别是速收＋普施特和广灭灵＋速收＋乙草胺混用能兼治苍耳和繁缕,是理想的混合。草清及其混用对繁缕和龙葵特效,阔草清＋普施特＋乙草胺对 抗笥杂草均有较好控制作用虎威＋精稳杀得和杂草焚＋精稳杀得的盆载试验对抗性杂主效较好     

Phospholipid- phospholipid interaction in soybean oil

Phospholipid-phospholipid interaction in soybean oil is described. Phosphatidylcholine was effectively removed from soybean oil by degumming (water hydration), whereas phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid were hardly hydratable. However, the degree of their hydration increased in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. The spectrophotometric assay based on charge transfer interaction between 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane and phospholipids at 480 nm was used to determine the formation of phospholipid micelles in soybean oil. The critical micelle concentrations were 0.085, 0.84 and 2.6 mM for phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid, respectively. Phosphatidylcholine interacted with phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidic acid to form mixed micelles. The critical micelle concentrations of phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylethanolamine mixture and phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidic acid mixture were 0.16 and 1.3 mM, respectively. The degree of hydration of phospholipids was related to their critical micelle concentrations. Interaction of phosphatidylcholine with phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidic acid was confirmed by determining the changes in the chemical shifts of 31PNMR spectra.     

Experimental Design Applied for Cost and Efficiency of Antioxidants in Biodiesel

Oxidation stability is a parameter of great importance for biodiesel quality control to both producers and subsequent consumers. To maintain the quality of biodiesel, currently the most effective and economical method is the addition of antioxidants that prevent or retard the biofuel oxidation reaction. In this study, efficiency and cost of synthetic antioxidants added to B100 biodiesel from soybean oil and pork fat were evaluated, using butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), in pure form or in mixtures, according to a simplex-centroid mixture experimental design. Results demonstrate an increased induction period (IP) in all trials when compared to the control sample, and TBHQ was the only antioxidant alone that met all the specification standards, while BHT and BHA alone met only the American standard specifications. The antioxidant mixture that presented the highest synergistic effect was that of TBHQ and BHA. Multi-response optimization indicated an optimum formulation containing 75 % TBHQ and 25 % BHA with an IP of 7.27 h at 110 °C and the antioxidant mixture cost of 31.31 USD, to be added for a ton of biodiesel. This simplex-centroid mixture experimental design shows an ability to be applied in the biodiesel, oils and fats industry to evaluate the oxidation stability and the occurrence of synergism between different mixtures of synthetic or natural antioxidants and their costs.     

20%咪草烟·异恶草松微乳剂防除大豆田杂草田间药效试验

对不同剂量的咪草烟·异恶草松微乳剂防除大豆田杂草进行了田间试验。结果表明,20%咪草烟·异恶草松微乳剂在大豆播后苗前进行施用,剂量为0.54kg/hm2,对单子叶杂草的防效为87.8%～91.5%,对双子叶杂草的防效为59.6%～73.7%,对杂草鲜重的抑制效果为77.8%～84.4%,杀草谱广,防效持久,对大豆生长及产量未见不良影响。     

二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂防除夏大豆杂草效果研究

对450g/L二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂防除夏大豆田杂草进行了2年试验研究。结果表明,该药剂对马唐、牛筋草、马齿苋、反枝苋等一年生杂草具有良好的防除效果,1012.5g/hm2剂量下55d鲜重总防效达到90%以上,并对夏大豆安全。     

Polyurethane foams from soyoil‐based polyols

The focus of this work was to synthesize bio‐based polyurethane (PU) foams from soybean oil (SO). Different polyols from SO were produced as follows: soybean oil monoglyceride (SOMG), hydroxylated soybean oil (HSO), and soybean oil methanol polyol (SOMP). The SOMG was a mixture of 90.1% of monoglyceride, 1.3% of diglyceride, and 8.6% of glycerol. The effect of various variables (polyol reactivity, water content curing temperature, type of catalyst, isocyanate, and surfactant) on the foam structure and properties were analyzed. SOMG had the highest reactivity because it was the only polyol‐containing primary hydroxyl (? OH) groups in addition to a secondary ? OH group. PU foams made with SOMG and synthetic polyol contained small uniform cells, whereas the other SO polyols produced foams with a mixture of larger and less uniform cells. The type of isocyanate also had an influence on the morphology, especially on the type of cells produced. The foam structure was found to be affected by the water and catalyst content, which controlled the foam density and the cure rate of the PU polymer. We observed that the glass transition (T_g) increased with the OH value and the type of diisocyanate. Also, we found that the degree of solvent swelling (DS) decreased as T_g increased with crosslink density. These results are consistent with the Twinkling Fractal Theory of T_g. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Biodiesel production by ethanolysis of mixed castor and soybean oils

Biodiesel was produced by ethanolysis of pure castor and soybean oils, and mixtures thereof, using potassium hydroxide as catalyst. The yields and selectivities of these reactions were evaluated. The results revealed that there was no appreciable substrate preference when the vegetable oils were transesterified in admixture. However, higher reaction yields and increased efficiencies of the purification process were directly correlated with the proportion of soybean oil present in the reaction mixture.