一种考虑光谱变异性的高光谱图像非线性解混算法

非线性解混可以解释高光谱图像复杂场景中的非线性混合效应,但地物的光谱变异性是其中的一个难点。提出一种考虑光谱变异性的无监督非线性解混算法。通过核函数将原始高光谱图像数据隐式地映射到高维特征空间中,从而在该空间中结合光谱变异性进行线性解混;与此同时,依据实际地物的分布特性,添加丰度和光谱变异系数的局部平滑约束。模拟和真实高光谱数据的实验结果表明,该方法能克服不同非线性混合场景中存在的光谱变异性问题,提高光谱解混的精度。     

Efficiency of semi-implicit schemes for anisotropic diffusion in the hypercube

Semi-implicit schemes have been recently shown to speed up nonlinear diffusion in hyperspectral images while increasing the accuracy of subsequent classifiers in thematic mapping. Here, we show how semi-implicit schemes can be used to implement a truly anisotropic diffusion method for hyperspectral images, and we test the performance of different implementations in terms of computational overhead, speed, numerical accuracy, and thematic mapping performance. In addition, truly anisotropic trace-based diffusion formulations, besides a more precise steering of the diffusion processes, also allow implementation by means of local oriented Gaussian masks. We show how the implementations with the highest numerical accuracy can be also the simplest and fastest while still increasing the classification performance.     

基于光谱梯度角的高光谱影像流形学习降维法

为了挖掘高光谱数据的光谱局部特征,从高光谱遥感数据内在的非线性结构出发,提出了一种基于光谱梯度角的高光谱影像流形学习降维方法。采用局部化流形学习算法局部保持投影（LPP）对高光谱遥感数据进行非线性降维,对距离度量进行改进,将能够更好刻画高光谱影像光谱局部特征的光谱梯度角相似性度量应用于LPP方法,并用真实高光谱图像进行降维实验,取得了优于LPP方法和采用光谱角的LPP方法的结果。结果表明,在光谱规范化特征值方面,所提方法优于LPP方法和采用光谱角的LPP方法;在信息量的保持方面,具有更好的局部细节信息保持量。采用光谱梯度角的流形学习方法用于高光谱影像降维能取得较好的降维效果。     

基于相关向量机的高光谱图像噪声评估算法

为了更准确的估计高光谱图像噪声强度,提出了一种基于相关向量机(RVM)的高光谱图像噪声评估算法。对该算法所采用的RVM 回归原理、残差与噪声的关系等进行了研究。首先,介绍了高光谱图像噪声评估中应用较为广泛的空间/光谱维去相关法的特点及不足。接着,对可有效进行非线性回归分析的RVM 进行了介绍。然后,针对传统的空间/光谱维去相关法在系统中存在较强的非线性关系时,得到的残差将会过大这一问题,提出利用RVM 回归分析去除具有高相关性的信号,利用得到的残差图像对噪声进行估算,从而提高评估系统的稳定性。实验结果表明:噪声强度估计精度优于8%;相比传统算法更有效。总体看,该算法可以满足自动高光谱图像噪声评估的稳定可靠、精度高等要求。     

Hyperspectral imagery: clutter adaptation in anomaly detection

Hyperspectral sensors are passive sensors that simultaneously record images for hundreds of contiguous and narrowly spaced regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Each image corresponds to the same ground scene, thus creating a cube of images that contain both spatial and spectral information about the objects and backgrounds in the scene. In this paper, we present an adaptive anomaly detector designed assuming that the background clutter in the hyperspectral imagery is a three-dimensional Gauss-Markov random field. This model leads to an efficient and effective algorithm for discriminating man-made objects (the anomalies) in real hyperspectral imagery. The major focus of the paper is on the adaptive stage of the detector, i.e., the estimation of the Gauss-Markov random field parameters. We develop three methods: maximum-likelihood; least squares; and approximate maximum-likelihood. We study these approaches along three directions: estimation error performance, computational cost, and detection performance. In terms of estimation error, we derive the Cramer-Rao bounds and carry out Monte Carlo simulation studies that show that the three estimation procedures have similar performance when the fields are highly correlated, as is often the case with real hyperspectral imagery. The approximate maximum-likelihood method has a clear advantage from the computational point of view. Finally, we test extensively with real hyperspectral imagery the adaptive anomaly detector incorporating either the least squares or the approximate maximum-likelihood estimators. Its performance compares very favorably with that of the RX algorithm     

基于Fisher判别零空间的高光谱图像混合像元分解

传统的光谱混合分析方法假设每个端元必须具有完全稳定的光谱特性,而在实际问题中同类地物的端元光谱往 往存在着差异。为了有效地抑制同物异谱对混合像元分解的影响,本文提出一种基于Fisher判别零空间的高光谱遥感图像混合像元分 解算法。Fisher判别零空间方法通过对高光谱图像数据进行线性变换,使得变换后的数据中同一端元内的光谱差异减小为零,而不同 端元间的光谱差异尽可能地增大。利用变换后的光谱数据对混合像元进行分解就可以较大程度地减少同物异谱现象对分解结果的影响。 对模拟高光谱图像数据以及Indiana地区和Cuprite地区的实际AVIRIS数据的解混结果表明,用Fisher判别零空间方法处理混合像元分 解问题,可以得到较高的分解精度。     

基于谱间结构相似先验的高光谱压缩感知重构

在高光谱压缩感知重构中,充分利用图像的先验信息能有效提升算法的重构精度。现有重构算法均未考虑高光谱图像的谱间结构冗余信息,该文提出一种基于谱间结构相似先验的高光谱压缩感知重构方法。该方法通过谱间结构冗余定义高光谱结构图像,以结构图像为基础,设计一个压缩感知重构正则项,再结合高光谱图像的空间相关性和谱间统计相关性,提出一种新的压缩感知高光谱图像联合重构方案,并设计一种基于变量拆分的有效的求解算法。实验表明,在相同观测值数目下,该文算法的重构质量明显优于现有算法。     

Speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion

This paper provides the derivation of speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD), a diffusion method tailored to ultrasonic and radar imaging applications. SRAD is the edge-sensitive diffusion for speckled images, in the same way that conventional anisotropic diffusion is the edge-sensitive diffusion for images corrupted with additive noise. We first show that the Lee and Frost filters can be cast as partial differential equations, and then we derive SRAD by allowing edge-sensitive anisotropic diffusion within this context. Just as the Lee (1980, 1981, 1986) and Frost (1982) filters utilize the coefficient of variation in adaptive filtering, SRAD exploits the instantaneous coefficient of variation, which is shown to be a function of the local gradient magnitude and Laplacian operators. We validate the new algorithm using both synthetic and real linear scan ultrasonic imagery of the carotid artery. We also demonstrate the algorithm performance with real SAR data. The performance measures obtained by means of computer simulation of carotid artery images are compared with three existing speckle reduction schemes. In the presence of speckle noise, speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion excels over the traditional speckle removal filters and over the conventional anisotropic diffusion method in terms of mean preservation, variance reduction, and edge localization.     

基于同质区分割的非线性端元提取算法

端元提取是高光谱遥感图像混合像元分解的关键步骤。传统端元提取算法忽略了高光谱图像中地物空间分布相关性与非线性结构,制约了端元提取算法的精度。针对高光谱图像的空间关系与非线性结构,提出一种基于同质区分割的非线性端元提取算法。使用超像素分割方法将图像分割为若干同质区,利用流形学习构造高光谱图像数据的非线性结构,最后在同质区内提取端元并利用聚类方法优选端元。模拟和真实图像数据实验表明,该算法能够保证高光谱数据的非线性结构,端元提取结果优于其他传统线性端元提取方法,在低信噪比的情况下,可以保持较好的端元提取结果。     

基于图割与阴影邻接关系的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取方法

高空间分辨率遥感影像的建筑物自动提取能够加速城市基础地理数据库的更新进程.建筑物提取方法存在的一个亟需解决的问题是建筑物轮廓难以准确提取.本文通过建筑物的阴影特征和图割提出一种在高分辨率遥感影像中识别与提取建筑物的方法.首先,基于势直方图函数检测阴影;然后,以长宽比和矩形度作为约束条件从图割结果中筛选出候选分割对象;最后,利用开运算、膨胀和腐蚀分别对阴影进行处理,计算处理后的阴影和候选分割对象之间的邻接关系得到建筑物及其轮廓.为了验证本文方法的有效性,选取PLEIADES影像中6幅具有代表性的子图像进行试验,结果表明本方法的平均查准率和平均查全率分别达到92.31%和74.23%.     

基于流形学习的新高光谱图像降维算法

提出了一种新的基于图像块距离的邻域选择方法,并将其应用于流形学习中,得到一类新的高光谱图像非线性降维算法。该类算法利用高光谱图像物理特性,结合图像的光谱信息和空间信息,在最大限度减小图像信息冗余的基础之上,很好地保持了原始数据集的特性。与其它高光谱图像的降维算法相比,改进的流形学习算法不仅考虑到高光谱图像本身的空间关系,而且利用图像块距离更好地保持了数据点之间的局部特性,从而有效地去除原始数据集光谱维和空间维的冗余信息。实际高光谱数据的实验结果表明,所提出的算法在应用于高光谱图像分类时,与其它方法相比具有更高的分类精度。     

约束最小二乘的高光谱图像非线性解混

高光谱图像解混是高光谱数据分析的重要研究内容.在现有混合模型的基础上,提出一种新的高光谱图像非线性解混算法.通过在目标函数中引入丰度的非负及和为一约束以及非线性参数的有界约束,该算法将高光谱图像非线性解混问题转化为求解丰度矢量和非线性参数的约束非线性最小二乘问题,继而采用一种交替迭代优化算法求解该问题.仿真和实际高光谱数据的实验结果表明,所提出的算法有效地克服了线性解混的不足,同时具有良好的抗噪声性能,可以作为一种解决高光谱遥感图像非线性解混的有效手段.     

基于端元优化的非线性高光谱分解算法

针对高光谱图像中端元的可变性和光谱的非线性混合特性,提出一种基于端元优化的非线性光谱解混算法,通过加入阴影端元对混合像元的端元集进行优化,对优化的端元子集采用基于分层贝叶斯模型的双线性光谱分解算法进行光谱分解。模拟数据和真实数据实验表明,提出的算法能很好地解决高光谱图像中存在的阴影效应,分解效果优于FCLS和GBM算法。     

Blind nonlinear hyperspectral unmixing based on constrained kernel nonnegative matrix factorization

Spectral unmixing has been a useful technique for hyperspectral data exploration since the earliest days of imaging spectroscopy. As nonlinear mixing phenomena are often observed in hyperspectral imagery, linear unmixing methods are often unable to unmix the nonlinear mixtures appropriately. In this paper, we propose a novel blind unmixing algorithm, constrained kernel nonnegative matrix factorization, which obtains the endmembers and corresponding abundances under nonlinear mixing assumptions. The proposed method exploits the nonlinear structure of the original data through kernel-induced nonlinear mappings and one need not know the nonlinear model. In order to improve its performance further, two auxiliary constraints, namely simplex volume constraint and abundance smoothness constraint, are also introduced into the algorithm. Experiments based on synthetic datasets and real hyperspectral images were performed to evaluate the validity of the proposed method.     

利用背景残差数据检测高光谱图像异常

针对高光谱图像微小目标检测中存在的严重背景干扰问题,提出了一种基于背景残差数据的非线性异常检测算法.首先利用提取的背景光谱端元对图像各像元进行光谱解混,实现了目标信息和复杂背景信息的分离;接着将含有丰富目标信息的解混残差数据非线性映射到高维特征空间,可以充分挖掘高光谱图像波段间隐含的非线性信息,并在特征空间利用RX算子完成目标的检测,从而在抑制大概率背景信息的基础上有效地利用了高光谱图像波段间的非线性统计特性.为了验证算法的有效性,利用真实的AVIRIS数据进行了实验研究,并与经典RX算法、未抑制背景的特征空间核RX算法的检测结果相比较,结果表明基于背景残差数据的检测算法具有良好的检测性能和较低的虚警,且运算复杂度较低.     

Hyperspectral image quality based on convolutional network of multi-scale depth

Hyperspectral imagery has been widely used in military and civilian research fields such as crop yield estimation, mineral exploration, and military target detection. However, for the limited imaging equipment and the complex imaging environment of hyperspectral images, the spatial resolution of hyperspectral images is still relatively low, which limits the application of hyperspectral images. So, studying the data characteristics of hyperspectral images deeply and improving the spatial resolution of hyperspectral images is an important prerequisite for accurate interpretation and wide application of hyperspectral images. The purpose of this paper is to deal with super-resolution of the hyperspectral image quickly and accurately, and maintain the spectral characteristics of the hyperspectral image, makes the spectral separability of the substrate in the original image remains unchanged after super-resolution processing. This paper first learns the mapping relationship between the spectral difference of low-resolution hyperspectral image and the spectral difference of the corresponding high-resolution hyperspectral image based on multiple scale convolutional neural network, Thus, apply this mapping relationship to the input low-resolution hyperspectral image generally, getting the corresponding high resolution spectral difference. Constrained space by using the image of reconstructed spectral difference, this requires the low-resolution hyperspectral image generated by the reconstructed image is to be close to the input low-resolution hyperspectral image in space, so that the whole process becomes a closed circulation system where the low-resolution hyperspectral image generation of high-resolution hyperspectral images, then back to low-resolution hyperspectral images. This innovative design further enhances the super-resolution performance of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the hyperspectral image super-resolution method based on convolutional neural network improves the input image spatial information, and the super-resolution performance of the model is above 90%, which can maintain the spectral information well.     

基于高光谱解混的伪装目标识别技术研究

高光谱遥感图像识别技术在伪装目标识别方面具有很大的应用前景。针对高光谱遥感图像中的混合像元和光谱变异问题,提出基于高光谱解混技术的伪装目标识别方法。该方法采用扩展线性混合模型表征高光谱图像中的光谱变异问题,利用超像元分割技术将原始高光谱图像转换为粗细多尺度特征图,对超像元丰度矩阵附加8-邻域空间加权与行约束,以降低噪声和奇异点像元的影响。针对伪装目标空间分布稀疏的特点,在模型中增加丰度矩阵的截断加权核范数作为正则化项,以提高算法精度。实验结果表明提出的方法具有良好的抗噪性和较高的解混精度,可以有效提高伪装目标识别精度。     

基于回溯优化的非线性高光谱图像解混

为了进一步提升高光谱图像的解混精度,提出一种基于回溯优化的高光谱图像后非线性解混算法。在后非线性混合模型的基础上,以观测图像与重构图像之间的重构误差为目标函数,使用回溯搜索算法在解空间搜索使目标函数取得极小值的最优解。在搜索过程中,利用回溯搜索算法的边界控制机制有效保证了高光谱图像解混过程中的约束条件,进而有效实现了对解混丰度值和非线性参数的精确估计。针对合成高光谱图像和真实高光谱遥感图像的解混实验表明,文中算法具有优异的解混性能,所达到的解混精度显著优于现有非线性高光谱图像解混算法。     

基于测地线距离和正交投影的端元提取算法

端元提取是高光谱遥感图像混合像元分解的关键步骤。传统线性端元提取方法忽略了像元内地物的非线性混合因素,制约了混合像元分解精度的提升。针对高光谱图像数据的非线性结构,提出一种基于测地线距离的正交投影端元提取算法,将测地线距离引入端元单体提取过程,利用正交投影方法逐个提取端元。为了降低测地线距离计算量,在端元提取前先利用自动目标生成方法和无约束最小二乘法对原始高光谱数据进行数据约减。模拟和真实高光谱图像实验表明,该方法能够表征光谱数据中非线性因素,端元提取结果优于传统自动目标生成端元提取方法。