危险化学品公示标签构成要素的权重分析

目的研究危险化学品公示标签要素权重顺序,为危险公示标签内容的评估指明方向。方法依据GB 15258化学品安全标签编写规定,统计分析进口危险化学品危险公示标签存在的主要问题,应用层次分析法(AHP)对危险公示标签要素进行了权重评估。结果准则层评价指标依次为技术性内容(0.6333)、规范性标示(0.2605)、资料性标注(0.1062)。危险化学品公示标签要素权重的排序为象形图危险性说明信号词应急咨询电话防范说明化学品标识=供应商标识资料参阅提示语。结论确定了危险化学品公示标签要素的权重排序,可用于指导危险化学品生产经营企业和检验监管部门逐项核查危险公示标签。     

浅析“第9类危险货物”及所用的包装容器

危险品包装的很多特殊规定,常会困扰包装容器的生产与使用企业。本文介绍了"危险化学品"与"危险货物"之间的区别;诠释了多项国际、国内的相关法规与标准;正确办理危包证的合法流程;"第9类危险货物"中涉及批量较大的几个板块;危包属性随不同运输方式的转变;危包容器上的标志与标签等内容。     

危险化学品外包装安全标签的使用与识别

危险化学品外包装安全标签是针对危险化学品而设计、用于提示接触危险化学品的人员的一种标识,它用简单、明了、易于理解的文字、图形符号和编写的组合形式表示该危险化学品所具有的危险性,安全使用的注意事项和防护的基本要求,而供应商安全标签是应用最广的一种安全标签.     

欧盟化学品分类、标签及包装法规(CLP)标签要求解读

欧盟《物质和混合物分类、标签和包装法规》(CLP法规)是欧盟继《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规》(REACH法规)后针对化学品监管出台的又一重要法规,对物质和混合物的分类、标签和包装的准则与责任提出了明确规定.本文从CLP法规的实施时间,CLP标签的各项要素、尺寸布局及其与运输标签关系等方面,就CLP法规对化学品标签的要求进行了解读,并就该法规对我国的影响进行了论述.     

出口锂电池危险品运输包装的安全设计与防护

目的研究出口锂电池危险品运输包装的设计要素和防护措施。方法针对出口锂电池危险品的特性,系统总结国际技术法规对于锂电池运输包装的安全规范,并比较分析国际海运危险货物运输规则(IMDG CODE)和国际航空运输协会危险品运输规则(IATA DGR)中的特定指引要求。依据跌落试验、堆码试验的物理性能指标的设计,研究出口锂电池危险品运输包装的物理安全性能。结果提出了保证出口锂电池危险品运输包装安全的建议,同时基于此类危险品包装的整体安全设计和单元防护,提出了锂电池组合包装、有效防短路保护、塑胶外壳防护等安全要素优化方案。结论研究提出的安全设计要素和防护措施,可以为锂电池危险品运输包装的安全防护提供重要的实践指导。     

水路运输危险货物包装检验安全规范

为了使包装企业更好地了解危险货物包装相关法律法规,特别是加强对危险品9大类、三种危险包装类别以及包装外部印刷标记含义有关知识的掌握,特介绍以下内容:1范围本标准规定了水路运输危险货物包装(不包括军品)的分类、代码和标记、要求、性能检验和使用鉴定。本标准适用于第4章中除第2类、第7类和第6类的6.2项以外     

基于二维码的危险化学品储存编码和标识应用研究

本文通过分析国内外危险化学品储存编码与标识的行业应用背景,开展了基于二维码的危险化学品储存编码与标识研究,给出了相应的应用示例,为危险化学品储存的信息化、标准化和可追溯管理提供了一条有效的技术思路。     

不可盲目相信“国外制造” 高度重视危险品进口包装的再使用

现今,我国物流业已进入高速发展时期。随着化工行业的快速发展、进出口危险化学品数量的增多、使用范围不断扩大,危险品事故也呈现出多发状态。危险化学品在运输过程中常常因为包装破损从而引起一连串的事故和损失。特别是在外贸出口危险化学品方面,因包装     

欧盟CLP法规简析及其对包装产业的潜在影响

重点分析了欧盟于2008年12月16日公布的Classification,labeling and packaging(CLP)法规的主旨内容。简单介绍了欧盟CLP法规的运用目的、适用范围和执行时间。详细叙述了CLP法规所涉及的物质和化合物的分类方法、标签要素和特殊的包装要求。简要分析了美国、日本、欧盟和我国的化学品管理现状。在此基础上,以发展的眼光分析了欧盟CLP法规对包装工业的潜在影响,即对我国出口产品的包装要求的提高和进口产品成本的间接增加。为我国包装行业从容应对CLP法规提出了建设性的意见。     

危险化学品包装用耐压试验装置的研究

目的 实现不同尺寸危险化学品包装气密性能和液压性能的自动检测。方法 研究一台自动化危险化学品包装用耐压试验装置。结果 研究了一台适用于不同尺寸危包产品的自动化危险化学品包装用耐压试验装置。结论 该设备压力稳定，适用于不同尺寸样品，设备整体布置合理，易操作，符合标准要求。     

欧盟化学品安全评估与高关注物质评估

欧盟化学品安全管理制度是全球最为系统完善的管理体系之一。欧盟实施的化学品安全评估是化学品安全管理以及控制和减少有毒有害化学品风险的主要技术手段,而高关注物质评估是按照化学品危害实施化学品分类管理的技术基础。本文就欧盟化学品安全评估程序进行了介绍,并对欧盟高关注物质评估的程序、标准和方法进行了综述,旨在为我国化学品安全管理提供借鉴。     

Hazard evaluation of chemicals for bulk marine shipment

For economic reasons most chemicals used in large quantities by industry are transported in tank vessels. These chemicals range in properties from essentially harmless to highly dangerous. Although the United States and IMCO require certain minimum data before classifying a new chemical to be transported in bulk, no formal system exists to correlate these data with specific shipboard requirements such as the location of the tank within the vessel, gauging and venting systems, or cargo overfill protection.Developing guidelines for the evaluation of chemicals is a two part problem. First, the inherent hazards of a chemical (the hazards of a product when it is released, without regard to its cargo containment system) must be investigated. In the second part of the evaluation, these hazards are then correlated with specific shipboards requirements as mentioned above. This paper outlines the essential elements for developing a comprehensive system of hazard evaluation for bulk liquid chemicals.     

Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence for Green Manufacturing in the Process Industry

Smart manufacturing is critical in improving the quality of the process industry. In smart manufacturing, there is a trend to incorporate different kinds of new-generation information technologies into process-safety analysis. At present, green manufacturing is facing major obstacles related to safety management, due to the usage of large amounts of hazardous chemicals, resulting in spatial inhomogeneity of chemical industrial processes and increasingly stringent safety and environmental regulations. Emerging information technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) are quite promising as a means of overcoming these difficulties. Based on state-of-the-art AI methods and the complex safety relations in the process industry, we identify and discuss several technical challenges associated with process safety: ① knowledge acquisition with scarce labels for process safety; ② knowledge-based reasoning for process safety; ③ accurate fusion of heterogeneous data from various sources; and ④ effective learning for dynamic risk assessment and aided decision-making. Current and future works are also discussed in this context.     

危险化学品安全管控与应急救援

危险是危险化学品的天然特征,安全是危险化学品永恒的主题。每一次危险化学品的安全事故,既是其本质特征使然,也与外部环境密切相关,往往在其偶发性中包含着必然性。只有在充分了解、掌握其本质特征基础上,合理设置外部条件,使其始终处于可控的安全状态,并做好安全管控和应急救援的各项准备工作,才是保障安全、防控灾害的根本方法。血的教训不可忘,要想悲剧不再重演,必须采用系统思维进行体系建设,利用先进信息通讯技术采用"互联网+"模式建立全国统一的全天候的实时动态监控体系,在规范管理、防患未然的同时,为应急救援工作提供准确信息和合理救援方案。     

危险货物运输包装救助包装的使用探讨

目的为了降低危险货物运输及流转过程中的包装使用风险,对救助包装的安全使用进行探讨。方法总结危险货物救助包装的检验要求,并结合救助包装的应用实例,分析救助包装使用过程中存在的主要问题。结果救助包装的安全使用可以在一定程度上确保出现问题的危险货物包装的流转安全,最大程度降低意外事故造成的危险性和经济损失,减少了次生危害。结论有关救助包装的使用探讨,提出了救助包装使用过程中的注意问题,从而可以有效地加强对危险货物的安全管理。     

婴幼儿食品接触用制品的标签标识技术规范

目的 研究婴幼儿食品接触用制品标签技术规范,以期为生产企业设计标签的合规性提供技术指导.方法 调研市面上婴幼儿食品接触用制品的标签,分析该类制品标签标识存在的常见问题,针对现有的法律法规和相关标准,归纳婴幼儿食品接触用制品标签的技术要求.结论 归纳总结了现行有效的标准和法规中婴幼儿制品标签的规定,提出了标签标注要素,并对关键要素的标注进行了技术解读,为生产企业设计标签提供了参考,建议生产企业可结合行业实际情况执行标签标识团体标准或制定团体联盟标准.     

乘客安全气囊工厂包装件的改进探索

目的采用改进包装的方式降低乘客安全气囊(PAB)工厂包装件的运输危险性。方法依据乘客安全气囊在联合国外部火烧试验(UN6c试验)的结果,结合LS-DYNA动力有限元软件的分析,先后采用网格式和条栅式金属丝网笼包装控制金属迸射物的产生。结果条栅式金属丝网笼包装成功束缚了所有动能大于8 J和动能大于20 J的金属迸射物,使乘客安全气囊工厂包装件成功通过了联合国外部火烧试验。结论改进后的包装符合联合国关于危险货物运输的建议书(TDG)中对危险品包装的有关要求,将原分类为第1类(爆炸品)的乘客安全气囊工厂包装件降低为第9类(杂项危险品),使乘客安全气囊(PAB)工厂包装件适合更多形式的运输。     

Management of major hazard plant

The principles of good management which apply to all factories are particularly applicable to the management of major hazard plant. However, installations having major hazards are characterised by the high technical content of the management of their operations. Thus there is the added need to ensure very good technical and people management systems when dealing with these plants.The management problem can be divided into three parts: (1) The provision of top quality technical management; (2) The special attention needed in the design and layout of the equipment; and (3) The special attention needed in the management of people, both the operating crew within the factory and members of the public and their Local Authority representatives who are outside the factory gates.Arrangements for good technical management must include a system for ensuring both adequate qualifications and relevant experience in the key management at each installation. Attention to design and layout of equipment will bring in philosophies which encourage increased automatic protection against major incidents, the adoption of intrinsically safer processes with lowered inventories and reduced conditions of temperature and pressure, and enhanced arrangements for maintaining the integrity of containment.The high potential hazard which exists in major hazard installations necessitates the use of a much more open approach at all levels in discussing risks and safety precautions with the total operating crew. Such discussions will provide a greater feeling of confidence in the individual operators and repair men. There is also a useful feedback for technical management which will improve their ability to write clear operating instructions and on some occasions to design better equipment for the control of emergencies. Finally, there is a need to carry this philosophy outside the factory fence and into the public domain. Simple explanations of the potential risks in a major hazard installation and the precautions taken to avert emergency situations, are an essential feature of modern communication between the factory management and the officials and elected representatives of Local Authorities. On occasions there has been value in taking this approach into the general public domain where major hazard installations are sited within residential areas.In summary, the higher potential hazards which exist in major hazard plant call for deeper technological thinking in the management area and a greater degree of explicit explanation and explicit planning in the relationships between the factory management, the controlling Authorities and the factory operating crew.     

基于J2EE的危险化学品分类鉴定评估 系统的构建与应用

在对危险化学品GHS分类鉴定方法及判定步骤研究的基础上,结合当前危险化学品检验检疫工作实践,利用GHS分类数据库和自建数据库,采用J2EE技术架构,构建了B/S结构的进出口危险化学品分类鉴定评估系统。系统总体技术逻辑架构由接入层、应用层、支撑层和资源层构成,系统主要包括基础数据管理模块、分类查询及鉴定模块、判定结果输出模块、自建试验数据库管理模块。应用实践表明,该系统可实现对危险化学品分类鉴定的自动化和智能化,同时可减少检验鉴定的工作量,降低重复试验和评价的不必要损耗,并可提升执法把关的有效性。