蓄电池、二次电池

0608629多孔硅的不稳定性对太阳电池的影响〔刊,中〕/黄金昭//光电子·激光.—2005,16(12).—1421-1423,1428(E)研究了多孔硅(PS)的特性及其在太阳电池上的应用,并对PS太阳电池性能以及由于PS的不稳定性对电池产生的影响进行了研究。实验表明,将PS的光致发光(PL)以及减反射特性应用于太阳电池能有效提高电池的效率,同比提高了83.89%,效率为14.73%,但其不稳定性对电池效率的影响较为明显。参70608630钒电池储能系统的发展现状及其应用前景〔刊,中〕/崔艳华//电源技术.—2005,29(11).—776-780(D)全钒液流电池从1984年问世以来,经历了快…     

陷阱分布模型对非晶Si太阳电池性能的影响

利用TCAD软件模拟分析了ITO/p-a-Si：H/i-a-Si：H/n-a-Si：H结构的非晶硅太阳电池的J-V特性,研究了不同缺陷分布模型对太阳电池光电特性的影响。利用一种较精确的陷阱模型优化了太阳电池的结构参数,重点研究了本征层厚度对太阳电池光电特性的影响。模拟实验表明,氢化非晶硅（a-Si：H）PIN结构太阳电池本征层厚度存在一个最佳区间,在该区间电池总体性能较为理想,包括对应的光电转换效率达到峰值。得到的a-Si：H太阳电池填充因子可达到约0.8,最高光电转换效率可达到约13%。     

PERC太阳电池背面SiNx折射率的优化

提高背反射率、降低背表面复合速率是提高太阳电池转换效率的重要研究方向之一。SiNx薄膜因其良好的钝化特性不仅应用在传统太阳电池发射极钝化,也同时应用在局部背接触太阳电池(PERC)背表面,起到背面钝化及增加背反射的作用。为增强PERC太阳电池背钝化、提高电池背面长波光子的反射率,在背表面AlOx/SiNx叠层膜模型基础上,提出并研究了不同折射率的双层SiNx对PERC太阳电池性能的影响,实验结果表明:采用折射率2.4/2.0的SiNx薄膜,PERC太阳电池电性能相对较好,相对常规背钝化电池,开路电压、电流密度以及转换效率分别提高了1.8 mV,0.16 mA/cm2,0.11%。     

掺碳对杂质光伏硅太阳电池性能的影响

杂质光伏太阳电池是一种能够利用那些能量小于禁带宽度的太阳光子以提高电池转换效率的新型太阳电池。利用数值方法研究在硅电池中掺入碳杂质以形成杂质光伏太阳电池,分析掺碳对电池性能的影响。结果表明:利用杂质光伏效应掺入碳杂质能够增加子带光子的吸收,使得电池转换效率提高约2%;转换效率的提高在于电池的红外光谱响应的延展。由此可以得出:利用杂质光伏效应在硅电池中掺碳形成杂质光伏太阳电池是一种能够提高电池转换效率的新途径。     

基于高效体异质结的聚合物太阳电池研究

介绍了体异质结聚合物太阳电池的基本原理,并分析了限制体异质结有机太阳电池转化效率的因素。从提高激子的产生效率及其解离效率、电极对电荷的引出效率、电池的稳定性以及电池的光谱吸收范围四个方面,综述了提高体异质结聚合物太阳电池能量转化效率的方法。     

背接触太阳电池发射区设计及可靠性研究

利用Silvaco-TCAD仿真软件全面系统地分析了不同发射区表面浓度和结深对n型插指背接触(IBC)太阳电池短路电流、开路电压、填充因子及转换效率的影响.借鉴双极半导体器件抗二次击穿技术,详细分析了不同发射区结深、发射区边缘刻蚀技术和发射区边缘选择性掺杂技术对IBC电池热击穿特性的影响.结果表明:发射区表面浓度越大、结深越深,IBC电池效率越高.当发射区表面浓度为5× 1020 cm-3、结深为1 μm时,转换效率高达23.35％.同时,深结发射区也有助于改善IBC电池的热击穿特性.发射区边缘刻蚀结构不具有改善IBC电池热击穿特性的作用,而发射区边缘选择性掺杂结构可有效改善IBC电池的热击穿特性,从而提高IBC太阳电池组件的可靠性.     

纳米硅/晶体硅异质结太阳电池的优化设计

采用AFORS-HET软件对TCO/nc-SiC∶H（p）/nc-Si∶H（i）/c-Si（n）/nc-Si∶H（n＋）/Al异质结太阳电池进行了模拟,分别讨论了窗口层、本征层、界面态和背场对太阳电池性能参数的影响。模拟结果表明,厚度尽可能薄的p层能减少入射光及光生载流子在窗口层的损失,对应最佳的窗口层禁带宽度为1.95eV。本征层的引入主要是钝化异质结界面,降低界面态的影响,提高电池转换效率。合理的背场设计可提高电池的转换效率1.7个百分点左右,此时最佳的异质结太阳电池的性能参数为：开路电压Voc=696.1mV,短路电流密度Jsc=38.49mA/cm^2,填充因子FF=83.52%,转换效率η=22.38%。     

连续激光辐照三结GaAs太阳电池温度场仿真

为了研究真空环境下1070nm连续激光辐照对三结GaAs太阳电池输出性能的影响,利用COMSOL软件构建了相应物理模型,通过数值仿真研究了激光功率密度、光斑半径、减反膜和热辐射热对流对温度场的影响。结果表明,吸收系数、热导率和光电转换效率是温度演变的3个主要因素;温升幅度随激光功率密度增大而增大;光斑半径越小使得电池表面温差越大;拥有减反膜结构可有效地提高太阳电池转换效率,但也使电池温度较高;热对流散热在电池较低温度（300K~400K）情况下占据主导作用;当入射功率密度为16.7W/cm2、光斑半径与电池半径相同时,经20s后,电池中心温度达到501.521K,导致光电转换效率为0。该数值模拟结果与实验结果基本相符,对激光损伤太阳电池机理研究提供一定的理论依据。     

微晶硅太阳电池

采用VHF-PECVD技术制备了系列微晶硅太阳电池．综合测试结果表明：硅烷浓度、热阱温度和前电极都对微晶硅太阳电池的性能有影响．在湿法腐蚀的ZnO衬底上制备的电池的效率比在ZnO/SnO2复合膜上制备的电池的效率高1.5%．在优化了沉积条件后,制备出效率达6.7%的微晶硅太阳电池（Jsc=18.8mA/cm2,Voc=0.526V,FF=0.68）,电池的结构是glass/ZnO/p(μc-Si∶H)/i(μc-Si∶H)/(a-Si∶H)/Al,没有ZnO背反射电极．     

聚光太阳电池及其研究进展

介绍了聚光太阳电池的电特性和热特性;综述了聚光硅太阳电池的特点和研究进展,包括背结聚光硅电池、激光刻槽埋栅聚光硅电池和其他具有传统n+/p/p+结构的聚光硅电池;总结了聚光多结太阳电池的研究现状、效率的损失机理以及实现超高效电池的途径.从目前的研究进展可以看出,研发新结构、超高效的聚光太阳电池以降低光伏发电成本的前景一片光明.     

Use of porous silicon antireflection coating in multicrystallinesilicon solar cell processing

The latest results on the use of porous silicon (PS) as an antireflection coating (ARC) in simplified processing for multicrystalline silicon solar cells are presented. The optimization of a PS selective emitter formation results in a 14.1% efficiency multicrystalline (5×5 cm²) Si cell with evaporated contacts processed without texturization, surface passivation, or additional ARC deposition. Specific attention is given to the implementation of a PS ARC into an industrially compatible screen-printed solar cell process. Both the chemical and electrochemical PS ARC formation method are used in different solar cell processes, as well as on different multicrystalline silicon materials. Efficiencies between 12.1 and 13.2% are achieved on large-area (up to 164 cm² ) commercial Si solar cells     

多孔硅的应用研究进展

多孔硅是一种新型的纳米半导体光电材料,室温下具有优异的光致发光、电致发光等特性,易与现有硅技术兼容,极有可能实现硅基光电器件等多个领域的应用．扼要论述了多孔硅在绝缘材料、敏感元件及传感器、照明材料及太阳能电池、光电器件以及作为合成其它材料的模板等多个领域内的应用进展情况,并对其发展前景作了展望。     

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Thin‐film free‐standing monocrystalline si solar cells with heterojunction emitter

We propose a novel approach to thin‐film silicon solar cells, namely the freestanding monocrystalline silicon layer transfer process with heterojunction emitter (FMS‐HJ). High crystallographic quality mono‐Si films were deposited on freestanding porous silicon (PS) films by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). These free‐standing mono‐Si (FMS) films were processed into solar cells by creating a‐a‐Si/c‐Si heterojunction. In our preliminary experiments a thin‐film FMS‐HJ solar cell with 9.6% efficiency was realized in a 20‐μμm‐thin active layer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Simple Way to Simultaneously Release the Interface Stress and Realize the Inner Encapsulation for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

The mixed halide perovskites have become famous for their outstanding photoelectric conversion efficiency among new‐generation solar cells. Unfortunately, for perovskites, little effort is focused on stress engineering, which should be emphasized for highly efficient solar cells like GaAs. Herein, polystyrene (PS) is introduced into the perovskite solar cells as the buffer layer between the SnO₂ and perovskite, which can release the residual stress in the perovskite during annealing because of its low glass transition temperature. The stress‐free perovskite has less recombination, larger lattices, and a lower ion migration tendency, which significantly improves the cell's efficiency and device stability. Furthermore, the so‐called inner‐encapsulated perovskite solar cells are fabricated with another PS capping layer on the top of perovskite. As high as a 21.89% photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) with a steady‐state PCE of 21.5% is achieved, suggesting that the stress‐free cell can retain almost 97% of its initial efficiency after 5 days of “day cycle” stability testing.     

Quantum dot photoelectrochemical solar cells based on TiO2-SrTiO3 heterostructure nanotube array scaffolds

Titania-Strontium titanate (TiO2-SrTiO3)nanotube array with heterostructure has been demonstrated as an efficient scaffold applied to quantum dot photoelectrochemical solar cells. Quantum dot CdS serviced as solar light absorbent is chosen as an example to illustrate superior performance and deposited on scaffolds by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The photoelectrochemical performance of such solar cell is strongly dependent on the structure of heterostructured scaffolds. Only well-dispersed SrTiO3 nanocrystallites on TiO2 could improve the overall conversion efficiency. Transient absorption spectra and photoelectrochemical measurements show that the formation of SrTiO3 energy gradient between TiO2 and electrolyte slows down the rate of electronic injection from 19.3 × 108 to 6.30 × 108 s 1, while it greatly increases electronic collection efficiency via reduced charge recombination. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots used to decorate TiO2-SrTiO3 (1 h hydrothermal treatment) electrode exhibits superior photoelectrochemical performance with nearly 70% increase in external quantum efficiency at 460 nm and also in overall cell conversion efficiency. The photostability and high efficiency properties of TiO2SrTiO3 composites would enable its practical application in solar energy conversion devices.     

Optical and electrical properties of porous silicon layer formed on the textured surface by electrochemical etching

Porous silicon (PS) layers were formed on textured crystalline silicon by electrochemical etching in HF-based electrolyte. Optical and electrical properties of the TMAH textured surfaces with PS formation are studied. Moreover, the influences of the initial structures and the anodizing time on the optical and electrical properties of the surfaces after PS formation are investigated. The results show that the TMAH textured surfaces with PS formation present a dramatic decrease of reflectance. The longer is the anodizing time, the lower is the reflectance. Moreover, an initial surface with bigger pyramids achieved lower reflectance in short wavelength range. A minimum reflectance of 3.86 % at 460 nm is achieved for a short anodizing time of 2 min. Furthermore, the reflectance spectrum of the sample, which was etched in 3 vol.% TMAH for 25 min and then anodized for 20 min, is extremely flat and lies between 3.67% and 6.15% in the wavelength range from 400 to 1040 nm. In addition, for a short anodizing time, a slight increase in the effective carrier lifetime is observed. Our results indicate that PS layers formed on a TMAH textured surface for a short anodization treatment can be used as both broadband antireflection coatings and passivation layers for the application in solar cells.     

Simple analytical model and efficiency improvement of polysilicon solar cells with porous silicon at the backside

The present study developed a simple analytical model to simulate the performance of polysilicon solar cells with porous silicon (PS) layer at the backside. It analytically solved the complete set of equations necessary for the determination of the photocurrent generated under the effect of the reflected light. It also investigated the contribution of the light absorbed by the PS layer and explored the effect that the latter’s number of double porosities and high porosity have had on photovoltaic parameters. The findings suggest that the photovoltaic parameters increase with the number of double porosities that the layer might have in a given structure. When the PS layer is formed by three-double porosity layers 20%/80% and for a 5 μm-thick film c-Si, the backside reflector gives a total improvement of about 2.65 mA/cm² in photocurrent density and 1.4% in cell efficiency. This improvement can even be of much more important for well passivated grain boundaries and back contact of solar cells.     

高效硅基异质结太阳能电池的模拟

a-Si:H/c-Si异质结太阳能电池的基本参数,如层厚度、掺杂浓度、a-Si:H/c-Si界面缺陷、功函数等是影响载流子传输特性和电池效率的关键因素。在本文中,利用AFORS-HET程序,研究了这些参数与a-Si:H/c-Si电池的性能的关联性。最后,具有TCO/n-a-Si:H/i-a-Si:H/p-c-Si/p -a-Si:H/Ag结构的太阳能电池的最优化性能被获得,其光电转换效率为27.07%（VOC: 749 mV, JSC: 42.86 mA/cm2, FF: 84.33%）。深入地了解异质结电池的输运特性,对进一步提高电池的效率有很大的帮助,同时对实际太阳能电池的制造也能提供有益的指导。     

Effect of alkali treatment on the spectral response of silicon-nanowire solar cells

The effect of alkali treatment of Si nanowires (SiNWs) on the spectral response of solar cells was investigated using monochromatic incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency spectroscopy. SiNWs were prepared on a substrate by metal-assisted etching and were then treated with NaOH/isopropanol. The results show that alkali treatment of SiNWs for 30 s obviously improved the cell conversion efficiency. This was attributed to enhancement of the red light response and a decrease in surface reflectivity from 6% to ~2%. However, SiNW alkali treatment led to poor blue light response, which is a major limiting factor for efficient SiNW solar cells. To improve the photovoltaic properties of SiNW cells, a near-complete response over the whole solar spectrum is essential.     

等离激元共振增强多晶硅薄膜太阳电池性能研究

采用磁控溅射方法,在多晶硅薄膜太阳电池表面沉积了不同粒径大小的Au纳米粒子,利用粒径大小可调控的Au纳米粒子的局域表面等离激元共振增强效应(LSPR),对入射光中的可见光区域实现“光俘获”;采用UV-vis吸收光谱对LSPR进行了研究,结果表明,LSPR能够有效拓展Au纳米粒子的光谱响应范围(400～800 nm),并且,随着Au纳米粒子粒径的增大,LSPR共振吸收峰呈现出明显“红移”;同时,通过SERS表征,证实LSPR能够有效增强Au纳米粒子周围的局域电磁场强度;最后,多晶硅太阳电池的J-V特性曲线表明,当Au纳米粒子溅射时间为50 s时,多晶硅太阳电池光电转换效率(η)最高为14.8％,比未修饰Au纳米粒子的电池η提高了42.3％.