调谐质量阻尼器和调谐型颗粒阻尼器减震性能对比研究

基于5层钢框架模型，通过试验对比了在地震激励下调谐质量阻尼器和调谐型颗粒阻尼器的减震性能，并探究了频率失调等因素的影响。通过数值模拟实现了两种阻尼器的优化设计，以考察充分发挥其性能的工况下，两种阻尼器的减震效果以及阻尼器相对位移行程的对比。研究表明：在频率调谐时，调谐质量阻尼器和调谐型颗粒阻尼器均能显著降低主体结构位移和加速度响应，调谐型颗粒阻尼器的减震效果更好，具有一定的减震优势，并且调谐型颗粒阻尼器的相对位移行程更小、减震频带更宽；当两者均为最优设计时，减震效果相当，但是最优化调谐型颗粒阻尼器系统的阻尼器与主体结构之间的相对位移更小，可降低相对位移幅值24.5%，并且具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Experimental parametric study on wind‐induced vibration control of particle tuned mass damper on a benchmark high‐rise building

A particle tuned mass damper system is an integration of tuned mass damper and particle damper. The damping performance of such device is investigated by an aero‐elastic wind tunnel test on a benchmark high‐rise building. The robustness of the system is studied by comparing the damping performance to that of a traditional tuned mass damper, and the results show that the damper has excellent and steady wind‐induced vibration control effects. Meanwhile, the parameters (filling ratio, mass ratio, and mass ratio of the container to particles), which have great influence on the vibration reduction performance of the system, are also analyzed, and it is found that the particles filling ratio plays the most important role in deciding the damping effects of the dampers. There exists an optimum filling ratio and mass ratios in which the damper can reach the best damping state. Proper parameter selections can greatly improve the damping performance.     

采用颗粒调谐质量阻尼器的钢框架结构振动台试验研究

通过附加和不附加颗粒调谐质量阻尼器的5层钢框架振动台试验,研究其在实际地震波以及上海人工波激励下的减震效果。通过调整不同悬挂长度（频率比）、质量比、颗粒到阻尼器壁净距等参数,分析阻尼器参数对其减震效果的影响。试验结果表明：不同地震作用下该类阻尼器均能达到较好的减震效果,其中上海人工波的减震效果最好;对于多层钢框架结构,阻尼器能够有效控制第1振型的振动,但是对于高阶振型的控制作用无法保证;当阻尼器频率与主体结构基频相同时,能够达到最优减震效果,而当二者频率不同时,依然有一定的减震效果,说明其具有一定的鲁棒性;在合适的质量比（0.66%）下,阻尼器能够达到最佳减震效果;当颗粒到容器内壁净距为1.6D~3.6D时,可使阻尼器响应最小,且减震效果较好。     

高层建筑风致振动控制的研究

随着高层以及超高层建筑结构不断向更高和更柔的方向发展,强风作用下这类建筑的传统设计方法有时已经无法完全满足结构的抗风设计要求。因此,提出了采用振动控制来抑制结构风致振动控制的新方法。论文首先概述了高层建筑中风振控制的方法及其国内外的研究现状,然后对其中的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)、主动调谐质量阻尼器(ATMD),以及摩擦阻尼器这3种控制方法详加评述,最后进一步指出我国风振控制研究的发展方向。     

Control of wind-induced vibration of long-span bridges and tall buildings

With the rapid increase in scales of structures, research on controlling wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, such as long-span bridges and super-tall buildings, has been an issue of great concern. For wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, vibration frequencies and damping modes vary with wind speed. Passive, semiactive, and active control strategies are developed to improve the wind-resistance performance of the structures in this paper. The multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) system is applied to control vertical bending buffeting response. A new semiactive lever-type tuned mass damper (TMD) with an adjustable frequency is proposed to control vertical bending buffeting and torsional buffeting and flutter in the whole velocity range of bridge decks. A control strategy named sinusoidal reference strategy is developed for adaptive control of wind-induced vibration of super-tall buildings. Multiple degrees of freedom general building aeroelastic model with a square cross-section is tested in a wind tunnel. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategies can reduce vibration effectively, and can adapt to wind-induced vibration control of large-scale structures in the uncertain dynamic circumstance.     

半主动电涡流单摆式调谐质量阻尼器减震性能研究

为了提高传统的调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）对建筑结构的减震效果,提出了一种可实时调整频率和阻尼的半主动电涡流单摆式调谐质量阻尼器(SAEC-PTMD)。由Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)识别结构的瞬时频率,通过基于HHT的控制算法实时调节SAEC-PTMD的摆长进行频率的调节。研究并拟合了电涡流有效阻尼系数与磁导间距之间的关系,通过基于线性二次型高斯(LQG)的控制算法实时调节磁导间距,以实时调节阻尼系数。为了验证SAEC-PTMD对建筑结构的减震效果,对一单自由度结构模型在地震激励下的震动响应进行数值模拟。数值模拟中,采用一经优化设计的被动TMD (PTMD)作为对比,并考虑由主结构的累积损伤引起自身频率下降而造成PTMD的失调效应。以主结构的加速度和位移时程峰值、整体均方根值及其加速度和位移反应谱作为评价指标,评估了SAEC-PTMD在结构发生损伤前后对PTMD的改良效果。数值模拟结果表明,在结构发生损伤前后,SAEC-PTMD均比经优化设计的PTMD具有更好的减震效果。     

Experimental investigation on dynamic characterization and seismic control performance of a TLPD system

The tuned liquid damper (TLD) and particle damper (PD) have been used as effective passive vibration absorbers to suppress undesirable structural vibrations induced by dynamic loads such as earthquake and strong winds. In this paper, through an integrated use of the TLD and PD, a new damper system named the tuned liquid particle damper (TLPD) was developed. The dynamic characteristics of TLPD in terms of tuning conditions and transfer functions were investigated through a series of shaking table tests. Nonlinear behaviors of TLPD in the frequency domain were discussed, and a preliminary framework was applied in the design of a five‐story steel frame building model using shaking table tests. Testing results confirmed the workability of the preliminary design framework as the primary structure is subjected to earthquake loadings. Performances of different TLPD‐structure systems were summarized from these testing programs. One of observations is that the TLPD system worked as a modified TLD in this study. The testing programs provide proof‐of‐concept results for this proposed vibration absorber.     

PTRMD在多自由度结构中的减振性能及鲁棒性

将一种带碰撞的滚动型调谐质量阻尼器（PTRMD）应用于多自由度结构中,对其在多自由度结构体系中的减振性能及阻尼器频率失谐时的鲁棒性进行研究。通过拉格朗日方程推导得到分段运动方程,然后推广到多自由度结构中,建立了设有该装置的多自由度受控系统的动力方程,并利用数值方法求解。把PTRMD安装到6层结构中,对其在自由振动和强迫振动时的控制效果进行探讨,并与无碰撞的滚动型调谐质量阻尼器（TRMD）进行了比较,同时对它们在阻尼器频率偏离最优频率时的鲁棒性进行了分析。结果表明:在多自由度结构中安装PTRMD能有效减小结构的动力反应,得到满意的减振效果;相比TRMD,PTRMD具有减振性能好、控制频带宽、适用性强、受阻尼器频率变化的影响不大等优点,具有更广大的应用前景。     

Study on self‐adjustable variable pendulum tuned mass damper

Pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD) is usually used to control the horizontal vibration of a tall building. However, traditional PTMD is highly sensitive to frequency deviation and difficult to adjust its frequency. In order to improve this problem of traditional PTMD and protect a tall building more effectively, a novel PTMD, called self‐adjustable variable pendulum tuned mass damper (SAVP‐TMD), is proposed in this paper. On the basis of the acceleration ratio between TMD and primary structure, the SAVP‐TMD can retune itself by varying the length of the pendulum according to the improved acceleration ratio‐based adjustment algorithm. PTMD and primary structural accelerations are obtained from two accelerometers respectively, and the acceleration ratio is calculated in a microcontroller, then, the stepper motor will adjust the pendulum under the guidance of the microcontroller under a specific harmonic excitation. The improved acceleration ratio‐based adjustment algorithm is proposed and compared to solve the nonconvergent retuning problem. The SAVP‐TMD can be regarded as a passive damper including a frequency adjustment device. A single‐degree‐of‐freedom structure model is used to verify the effectiveness of SAVP‐TMD through both experimental study and numerical simulation. In order to further verify the effect of SAVP‐TMD in the MDOF structure, a five‐storey structure coupled with an SAVP‐TMD is proposed as a case study. The results of experiment, simulation, and case study all show that SAVP‐TMD can retune itself to the primary structural dominant frequency robustly, and the retuned PTMD has a better vibration control effect than the mistuned one.     

地震作用下某高层结构MTMD减震控制研究

通过数值模拟研究了地震作用下高层结构多个调谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)减震控制。根据实际工程,利用国际通用软件ETABS建立了结构三维有限元模型,进行了动力特性的分析,得到了结构的前几阶频率;根据不同场地类型,选取了4条典型的地震波;研究了调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的参数选取和有限元的模拟;运用时程分析方法,分别研究了不同地震作用下高层结构有无控制下的反应。研究结果表明,MTMD对高层结构的减震控制效果明显,场地类型对减震控制效果有一定的影响。所获得的结果为高层结构减震控制设计提供参考和依据。     

调频减振系统和黏滞阻尼系统在超高层结构中风振控制性能的对比研究

超高层建筑中常用的风振控制措施主要包括调频减振系统和黏滞阻尼系统。系统地阐述了两种方案的基本原理、工程适用性以及参数取值,并结合实际项目较为全面地对比了其抗风性能。虽然调频减振系统在建筑功能的适应度上和施工可实施性上都存在一定的不足,但作为结构风振控制措施仍不失为一种可取方案。黏滞阻尼系统不但可以提升结构在风荷载下的舒适度,还能提升结构在风荷载和地震作用下的刚度和强度,适应了结构应对不同抗风设防水准的性能需求。结合高效的连接形式,黏滞阻尼系统是一种适用于高层、超高层建筑抗风的高性能且经济的减振控制措施。     

钢筋混凝土巨型框架结构及附单向TMD装置的减震结构振动台试验研究

为了研究钢筋混凝土巨型框架结构体系的抗震性能及其地震作用损伤机理,设计制作1/25的缩尺模型,并设计加工了一套调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）装置安装在模型结构顶部,进行振动台试验,得到结构的动力特性和位移响应,并对比分析了TMD的减震效果。结果表明：当在峰值加速度为0.140g的地震波作用后（相当于原型7度多遇地震）,模型结构处在弹性工作状态,在峰值加速度为0.400g的地震波作用后（相当于原型7度基本烈度）,模型结构出现轻微破坏,在峰值加速度为0.880g的地震波作用后（相当于原型7度罕遇地震）,模型结构出现中等破坏,该原型结构可以满足抗震设计的要求;TMD装置具有较好的减震效果。     

调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)在大跨斜拉桥减震控制中的应用

将调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)运用于润扬北汊斜拉桥地震反应控制。给出了TMD的减震机理及其力学分析模型,建立了TMD-斜拉桥地震反应控制系统的有限元模型,并进行了TMD对斜拉桥减震效果分析。分析发现,TMD使斜拉桥结构的阻尼耗能减少了30%,主梁跨中和端部的横向位移减少了12%,竖向位移减少了24%。结果表明,调谐质量阻尼器能有效的控制大跨斜拉桥在地震作用下的振动。     

Application of spherical tuned liquid damper in vibration control of wind turbine due to earthquake excitations

A spherical tuned liquid damper (TLD) is proposed as a cost‐effective method to reduce the earthquake‐induced vibration of wind turbines. A 1/20‐scale test model was designed to investigate its performance of controlling the structural vibration. A series of free and forced vibration experiments with different water depths in hemispherical containers were performed on the shaking table. Three measured ground acceleration‐time histories, including El Centro NS, El Centro EW and Tianjin EW, were selected to verify the effectiveness of spherical TLD in suppressing the earthquake‐induced vibration. The experimental results showed that the spherical TLD could effectively improve the damping capacity of the test model. The standard deviation of the dynamic response could be effectively reduced when the excitation frequency was approximately equal to its fundamental frequency. The liquid sloshing motion in containers was characterized by a highly nonlinear and complex nature. The effectiveness of spherical TLDs does not increase linearly as the mass of water in containers and is influenced greatly by the frequency components of earthquake excitations. For El Centro EW excitation, the standard deviations of the dynamic responses could be reduced more than 40% when the liquid mass was about 2% of the generalized mass. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

砌体结构TMD减震体系非线性地震反应研究

根据随机振动理论推导了多层剪切型结构TMD减震系统的随机地震响应,分析了参数的变化对TMD减振系统减震效果的影响,从而优化了取得最佳减震效果所需要的关键参数.以砖砌体结构为研究对象,建立了用于非线性地震反应的三线型骨架曲线及其滞回规律,编制了非线性地震反应分析程序,计算了一幢六层砌体结构减震前和采用TMD减震后的地震反应,分析结果表明,在7度多遇烈度和7度基本烈度地震动作用下减震效果良好,在7度罕遇烈度地震动作用下,TMD系统应通过加强构造措施保证抗震性能.     

Mechanism and optimum design of shared tuned mass damper for twin‐tower structures connected at the top by an isolated corridor

The concept of shared tuned mass damper (STMD) for twin towers linked by a sky corridor using flexible joints is proposed in this paper. The analytical expressions of the transform functions and random earthquake responses of the flexibly connected structures are derived using a three‐degrees‐of‐freedom model system. The seismic reduction mechanism of the STMD is revealed using comparative analysis between the structures with STMD and those connected using a viscoelastic damper. The effect of the nondimensional parameters such as the frequency ratio of the two primary structures, mass ratio, tuning frequency ratio of the corridor, and damping ratio of the passive control devices on the structural seismic response is investigated. Optimum parametric analysis is performed using the principle of minimizing the displacements of both towers, and the optimal parameter formulas are established. Numerical analysis is conducted to verify the control effectiveness of the connected multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system subjected to the El Centro earthquake ground motion. The results show that the earthquake responses of the towers can be effectively reduced if the parameters of the flexible connecting elements are appropriately selected for a certain corridor mass. Moreover, a remarkable seismic reduction effect can be achieved if the towers have similar dynamic properties.     

设置FPS质量调谐阻尼器减振效果分析研究

根据拉格朗日方程推导了结构设置FPS调谐质量系统地震动力反应分析计算公式,并考虑了接触面滞滑效应的影响。分析与计算结果表明:设置质量调谐系统之后,结构动力反应层间位移有所减小。当接触面滑动摩擦系数为0.15左右、滑道半径为0.7 m、调谐附加质量为楼层质量的1.4倍以上时,质量调谐系统具有较好的减振效果、消能效果与复位能力。     

利用模糊逻辑和遗传法对高层建筑结构进行主动控制

近年来土木工程结构上采用的主动调谐质量阻尼(ATMD)控制系统开始引起研究者们极大的关注。强调利用遗传法和模糊逻辑(GFLC)的组合作用,在ATMD控制系统的设计和优化措施中选择合适的参数,以使得在地震激励作用下建筑的反应最小化。因此,提出的方法,在处理不可预知的非线性现象方面,具有模糊逻辑控制(FLC)和遗传法(GAs)的双重优势。模型采用剪切型框架,并且在状态空间下解决问题。这种方法被应用在位于伊朗共和国的雷什特城的一个11层高的实际建筑上。从这种控制系统中得到的结果,与采用TMD方案和线性二次调节(LQR)控制方法中得出的结果相对比发现,GAs和FLC的综合使用对减少建筑在地震作用下的反应非常有效。     

调频气压液柱阻尼器减振控制研究

调频气压液柱阻尼器（TLCGD）是一种从调频液柱阻尼器发展而来的新型而有效的结构减震装置。在U／V形阻尼器液柱上加上封闭式气压不仅增加了它的使用范围,使频率扩大到5Hz,并且提高了结构的有效阻尼。通过该装置在高层建筑和桥梁上的运用,U／V形调频气压液柱阻尼器能有效地控制水平为主的结构动力反应,而扭转调频气压液柱阻尼器（torsional tuned liquid column gas damper,TTLCGD）是一种能控制结构扭转为主的阻尼器。     

Discussion on “A bidirectional and homogeneous tuned mass damper: A new device for passive control of vibrations” by Jose L. Almazan, Juan C. De la Llera, Jose A. Inaudi, Diego Lopez-Garcia, Luis E. Izquierdo [Eng Struct 29 (2007) 1548-1560]

The aforementioned paper proposes a new type of pendulum tuned mass damper with unidirectional friction damper. The proposed tuned mass damper is novel. However, the authors use the inappropriate examples to illustrate their device. In their example, the length of pendulum is too small, and then the angle of pendulum is very large. The aim of this discussion is to point out that the examples are impractical.