A study on the accuracy of force analogy method in nonlinear static analysis

In this paper, the accuracy of the force analogy method (FAM) for nonlinear static (pushover) analysis is investigated. Hence, after explanation of the concept of FAM by a new approach, 12 2D steel special moment resisting frames with different configurations were derived from two different 3D archetypes and modeled using four various methods of capturing nonlinearity including SAP2000 super elements, OpenSees force‐based and displacement‐based fiber method, and FAM. In addition, a MATLAB code was developed for modeling and analyzing the frames by FAM. The accuracy of FAM in predictions of pushover curves, base shear forces, and plastic rotation of the critical hinges was investigated. The results indicated that in general, the predictions obtained using the FAM had a good agreement and compatibility with those from other methods of analysis currently used in practice for seismic performance assessment of structures.     

基于拟力法的纤维梁有限元非线性分析方法

以拟力法中的弹塑性分解思路和纤维梁理论为基础,将梁单元的截面变形分解为弹性变形和塑性变形,并引入塑性自由度,在材料层面建立了基于拟力法的纤维梁有限元非线性分析方法。该方法可以保持结构整体刚度矩阵不变,其非线性状态通过局部塑性矩阵加以体现,在迭代计算时避免了结构整体刚度矩阵的实时更新与分解,且塑性矩阵相比于结构整体刚度矩阵规模小,提高了计算效率。通过数值算例,将文中方法与采用有限元软件ABAQUS的分析结果进行对比,两者吻合较好,证明了该方法的有效性。     

Displacement estimation of nonlinear structures using the force analogy method

Significant effort has gone toward developing accurate and efficient displacement estimation procedures for the nonlinear multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) system. Although the dynamic nonlinear analysis is capable of providing the high computational precision through the step‐by‐step time integration method, the simplified method is still expected and imperative for seismic design practices. The work presented in this paper focuses on the implementation of using the modal superposition method to estimate displacement responses of the nonlinear MDOF system based on the force analogy method (FAM). The current research demonstrated that the equation of motion for the nonlinear MDOF system can be decoupled, but other two governing equations in the FAM about the internal force, such as the moment and force of structural members, are not decomposable. Thus, the FAM is incorporated with the modal pushover analysis (MPA) method to determine the basic parameters of each mode such that the modal superposition method can be suitable for the solution of the nonlinear MDOF system. The procedure presented here is an approximately estimation method due to the application of MPA method. However, the value and potential for the maximum displacement estimation of the nonlinear MDOF system were demonstrated through the application in a framed structure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于复阻尼假定的不同材料阻尼特性混合结构抗震分析复模态叠加法

寻求合理高效的方法求得不同材料阻尼特性混合结构的地震作用及其效应是工程抗震界较为关注的问题之一。目前,用于计算不同材料阻尼特性混合结构地震作用效应的复模态叠加法和直接积分法都是基于黏性阻尼假定推导而来。黏性阻尼假定存在能量耗散与激振频率有关的缺陷,导致结构高频模态地震作用效应偏小,且阻尼矩阵与复模态分析结果相互影响,计算结果不唯一,合理性不易被判定。复阻尼假定避免了黏性阻尼假定的不足,但通常求得的地震作用效应为复数,不便于工程应用。为此提出一种基于复阻尼假定的复模态叠加法,直接在物理空间中求解,计算结果唯一,比基于黏性阻尼假定的复模态叠加法计算效率更高。与运用本文方法计算的地震作用效应结果相比,广为采用的折算阻尼比方法计算结果是不合理的。此外,给出了基于复阻尼假定的计算模态有效质量系数的方法,可用于确定合理的叠加模态个数。     

基于复阻尼假定的不同材料阻尼特性混合结构抗震分析反应谱CCQC法

寻求合理高效的方法求得构件材料阻尼特性不同结构的地震作用及其效应是工程抗震界最为关注的问题之一。近年来提出的反应谱CCQC法(Complex Complete Quadratic Combination)使问题得到了基本令人满意的解决,该法是基于黏性阻尼假定得到的,但黏性阻尼假定存在能量耗散与激振频率有关的缺陷,导致结构高频模态地震作用效应偏小。复阻尼假定避免了黏性阻尼假定的不足,但通常求得的地震作用效应为复数,不便于工程上应用。采用虚拟激励法推导出新的适合复阻尼假定和平稳随机地震动反应谱CCQC法原始表达式(Original Complex Complete Quadratic Combination,OCCQC)和传统简化表达式(Traditional Complex Complete Quadratic Combination,TCCQC),两个表达式计算结果均为实数,易于工程上应用。与平稳随机振动分析结果相比,OCCQC计算结果较接近,TCCQC计算结果偏小,说明OCCQC比TCCQC更为合理。此外,还借助模态有效质量系数提出模态截断控制方法。     

A combination of damage locating vector method (DLV) and differential evolution algorithm (DE) for structural damage assessment

In this study, a two-stage method is presented for identifying multiple damage scenarios. In the first stage, the damage locating vector (DLV) method using normalized cumulative energy (nce) is employed for damage localization in structures. In the second stage, the differential evolution algorithm (DE) is used for damage severity of the structures. In addition, in the second stage, a modification of an available objective function is made for handing the issue of symmetric structures. To verify the effectiveness of the present technique, numerical examples of a 72-bar space truss and a one-span steel portal frame are considered. In addition, the effect of noise on the performance of the identification results is also investigated. The numerical results show that the proposed combination gives good assessment of damage location and extent for multiple structural damage cases.     

A continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDA) method based on deformable blocks for fracture modeling

In the framework of finite element meshes, a novel continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDA) method is proposed in this paper for modeling of crack problems. In the present CDDA, simple polynomial interpolations are defined at the deformable block elements, and a link element is employed to connect the adjacent block elements. The CDDA is particularly suitable for modeling the fracture propagation because the switch from continuous deformation analysis to discontinuous deformation analysis is natural and convenient without additional procedures. The SIFs (stress intensity factors) for various types of cracks, such as kinked cracks or curved cracks, can be easily computed in the CDDA by using the virtual crack extension technique (VCET). Both the formulation and implementation of the VCET in CDDA are simple and straightforward. Numerical examples indicate that the present CDDA can obtain high accuracy in SIF results with simple polynomial interpolations and insensitive to mesh sizes, and can automatically simulate the crack propagation without degrading accuracy.