钢筋混凝土缺角板受弯性能试验研究

为了研究混凝土缺角板的受弯性能,设计制作了角部不同开孔大小的7块钢筋混凝土四边简支板,并进行了静力受弯性能试验。结果表明：缺角板跨中区域钢筋先于板四周区域钢筋屈服,随后屈服范围不断扩展并往四角延伸,最终板顶缺角处沿与板边大致成45°方向的混凝土被压碎;开孔系数(板角所开孔洞边长与跨度的比值)为0.05、0.08、0.10、0.12、0.15和0.20的缺角板极限荷载较矩形板的极限荷载分别降低5.98%、10.35%、21.37%、23.63%、38.50%和49.29%,开裂荷载、屈服荷载基本随开孔系数的增大而降低。根据钢筋混凝土板塑性极限分析的塑性铰线法,对6块不同开孔系数混凝土缺角板提出了4种塑性铰线模式,并利用虚功原理建立缺角板极限荷载计算公式,极限荷载计算值与试验值吻合较好,验证了所提出的塑性铰线模式的合理性,及利用虚功原理建立缺角板极限荷载计算公式的可行性。引入一个与开孔系数相关的系数对塑性铰线模式进行简化,简化公式得出的计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

陶粒混凝土-开孔薄壁钢梁组合楼板的受力性能研究

由腹板开孔且翼缘卷边的H形薄壁钢梁和陶粒混凝土预制板经后浇砂浆和抗剪键组装而成的组合楼板,具有轻质、高强、无需支模、装配化程度高等优势。为研究该类组合楼板的受力性能,对6组不同构造的两边简支组合楼板试件开展静载试验,分析抗剪键分布及薄壁钢壁厚的变化对组合楼板整体受力性能的影响。结果表明：对应等效均布荷载2kN/m2的组合楼板,中心挠度远小于L/500,能够承担的最大荷载值为13.25kN/m2;当混凝土严重开裂且板跨中最大挠度达到L/45时,组合楼板试件并未出现整体塌落;主钢梁上抗剪栓钉的增加,对提高组合楼板的极限荷载和整体刚度均不明显;边梁增设抗剪栓钉对组合楼板的屈服荷载及整体刚度均产生显著影响,当边梁设置与主梁同样的抗剪栓钉时,屈服荷载和整体刚度增幅分别为82.1%和35.6%。     

粘钢板加固集中荷载下简支混凝土双向板的性能研究

采用体外粘贴碳纤维板 (CFRP)或钢板加固钢筋混凝土结构构件是一种有效的加固方法。近年来 ,世界上许多学者对此做了大量的研究工作 ,并取得了很大的成果。但迄今为止研究的重点仍然是钢筋混凝土梁及单向板 ,双向板的研究还相当少。为此 ,本文着重对受集中荷载作用的粘钢加固混凝土双向板的受力性能 :包括变形 ,抗裂 ,破坏形态和承载力等进行了较为深入的试验研究和理论分析。基于塑性铰线理论 ,导出了该类板的极限承载力计算公式     

超高性能纤维增强混凝土板的受弯性能试验研究

为研究超高性能纤维增强混凝土(ultra high performance fiber-reinforced concrete, UHPFRC)板的受弯性能,进行了10块UHPFRC板的弯曲试验,研究了板的破坏形态、破坏过程、开裂弯矩、极限弯矩以及混凝土和钢筋的应变。在试验结果基础上,建立了考虑受拉区混凝土抗拉强度和应变硬化效应的UHPFRC板受弯承载力计算式。研究结果表明：UHPFRC板的弯曲破坏形态表现为一条主裂缝并伴有多条微裂缝出现,其破坏过程可分为线性变形、微裂缝发展、主裂缝发展和承载力下降四个阶段;UHPFRC板首次出现裂缝时的弯矩为极限弯矩的50%~55%;在设计板时应以变形作为控制指标,且可以少配或不配钢筋以发挥UHPFRC的材料优势;UHPFRC板在受力过程中表现出显著的应变硬化特性。给出了UHPFRC板的弯曲承载力计算式,可以反映受拉区UHPFRC的应变硬化特性。     

Zum Durchstanzen von Flachdecken – Einfluß der Momenten‐Querkraft Interaktion und der Vorspannung

Punching of flat slabs considering prestressing and momentshear interaction. The bending moment of the framework effect causes an additional loading of the punching area of edge and corner columns. This leads to a significant moment‐shear interaction. A computational model was developed based on test results, theoretical investigations and on non‐linear three‐dimensional FE simulations to predict the punching resistance of edge and corner column slab connections taking into account the effect of eccentricity and prestressing. According to the initial calculation a load factor is presented resulting from the moment‐shear interaction of the edge and corner columns which can be used in DIN 1045‐1 and EC 2 instead of the former constant factors.     

Experimental study on steel reinforced concrete columns subjected to combined bending–torsion cyclic loading

An experimental investigation and analysis of the mechanical behavior of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns under combined bending–torsion cyclic loads is presented in this paper. Seven SRC columns with the same cross‐sectional construction were tested under various torsion moment to bending moment ratios and axial load levels. The effect of the torsion to bending moment ratio on the failure characteristics, hysteretic behavior, bearing capacity, and deformation characteristics of the SRC columns was studied. Results indicate that both bending and torsion bearing capacity are reduced under combined bending and torsion loads and that the torsion–bending ratio is the key parameter that determines the failure mode of the SRC columns. Based on the tests results, an equation expressing the interaction curve between the bending and torsion is proposed.     

Application of biaxial concrete data for bearing members under fire attack

The fire resistance of slab structures in case of fire was calculated with the aid of a computer program. The calculation program uses the yield line theory and verifies constitutive equations determined with experimental data.The basis of calculations using the yield line theory is the proof of the equilibrium between internal work done along the prescribed yield lines and the external work induced by the lateral and the restraining loads. The fire resistance is attained when the load-bearing capacity of the slab member is identical with the acting total loads. Owing to the fact that the reinforcement steels and concrete show a considerable deformation capability when they are subjected to elevated temperatures of over 400 °C and that, at the same time, the bond between concrete and steel is severely affected, the technical yield line theory is very suitable for the calculation of the fire resistance of slabs under fire action.The basic data for the constitutive equations were experimentally determined with the help of test equipment especially developed for investigations into the high temperature behaviour of concrete under uniaxial and biaxial compressive stresses. With the test data an analytical formulation of the ultimate strength envelopes and of stress-strain relations was done, which was used for the verification of the calculation program.The satisfactory agreement between the experimental and the calculation results confirms the efficiency of the yield line theory for determining the fire resistance of slabs. The investigations on two-way slabs with the usual thickness show that the slenderness ratio has only a small influence on the fire resistance. This influence becomes negligibly smaller as the side ratio increases, because the bearing system reduces to a one-way slab condition while the fire resistance decreases. Calculations on one-way slabs with all-round free support showed that a fire resistance of 90 min can, in most cases, be attained simply when the axial distance of the reinforcement is increased or an increase in the amount of necessary reinforcement is made.     

开孔薄壁钢梁-轻骨料混凝土装配式组合楼板受力性能试验研究

为研究开孔薄壁钢梁 轻骨料混凝土组合楼板的受力性能,设计并制作了5块具有不同构造（不同预制板型、抗剪方式及腹板开孔率）的组合楼板试件,进行了简支条件下均布加载受力性能试验研究。结果表明：该组合楼板具有较高的整体刚度和承载能力,当等效均布荷载达到6 kN/m²时,跨中挠度远小于L/500（L为试件跨度）;对于相同的开孔率,薄壁钢梁腹板的开孔应优选孔径小、数量多的开孔形式;采用文中所构造的抗剪键及其布置形式的组合楼板,其抗剪效果明显优于采用结构胶黏结混凝土板和钢梁的;组合效应系数可以较好地反映组合楼板的整体特性及内部损伤。     

Cyclic loading test of T‐shaped mid‐rise shear wall

Shear wall systems are the most commonly used lateral load resisting systems in high‐rise buildings. Six 1:2 scale mid‐rise T‐shaped reinforced concrete shear wall specimens with aspect ratio of 1.75, 2.15 and 2.80 were respectively tested under reversed cyclic loading. The seismic behavior and displacement ductility were investigated. The effects of aspect ratio, axial load level and transverse steel ratio on the seismic behavior and displacement ductility were also analyzed. Test results were discussed and compared with T‐shaped steel–concrete composite shear wall. Results mainly showed that the T‐shaped shear wall specimens mainly presented bending–shear failure mode and were all destroyed because of the concrete crushing at the web (negative direction) and the longitudinal reinforcement of the web reaching the limited deformation (positive direction), showing that the web was the weakest part of T‐shape shear wall. The ductility of the specimens was decreased, and the ultimate load‐bearing capacity was increased by increasing the axial load. To specimens with smaller aspect ratio and higher axial load ratio, the special transverse steel ratio of the web should be increased to improve the crushing strain of the confined concrete of the web in order to satisfy the ductility of the walls. The seismic performance was obviously improved in the T‐shaped steel–concrete shear wall compared with that of the T‐shaped reinforced concrete shear wall. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Betonverbinder für eine Hochgeschwindigkeits‐Bahnstrecke

Concrete Connectors for High Speed Rail Track The high speed line from Amsterdam to Brussels is currently one of the largest rail infrastructure projects in Europe. For 65 kilometres it uses the RHEDA 2000® slab track system with flat concrete slabs as sub‐ and superstructure in order to optimize concrete consumption. The slabs have to be connected by fastening elements. This report describes the development of specific elements to meet exactly the requirements of the project. Comprehensive testing had to prove that all specifications concerning load bearing capacity, displacements at serviceability load level and fatigue resistance are fulfilled. The fatigue strength was evaluated by developping a Woehler curve experimentally.     

Elastic analysis of slabs

Most building codes permit the use of elastic design methods for concrete slabs. These methods for small deflection theory of slabs are discussed, and then graphically complete distribution of principal bending moment contours and trajectories, and deflections are obtained for simply-supported and encastre slabs subject to uniformly distributed load. Destructive tests on simply supported slabs designed elastically, according to code requirements, and by the yield line method are then described.     

叠合板中桁架钢筋对预制板受力性能的影响

采用混凝土叠合板可在保证结构受力性能的同时,有效地提高结构的装配率.受限于板的整体厚度和相关规范中对现浇层厚度的要求,预制层的厚度通常不能满足刚度需求.国内常采用在预制板中布置桁架钢筋的方法提高预制板刚度.然而目前却没有规范给出桁架钢筋预制板刚度的计算方法,此外,我国应用的桁架钢筋板厚度较薄,尺寸较小,刚度提升效果十分...     

叠合板中桁架钢筋对预制板受力性能的影响

采用混凝土叠合板可在保证结构受力性能的同时，有效地提高结构的装配率。受限于板的整体厚度和相关规范中对现浇层厚度的要求，预制层的厚度通常不能满足刚度需求。国内常采用在预制板中布置桁架钢筋的方法提高预制板刚度。然而目前却没有规范给出桁架钢筋预制板刚度的计算方法，此外，我国应用的桁架钢筋板厚度较薄，尺寸较小，刚度提升效果十分有限，采用桁架钢筋提升板的刚度可能并不经济。为此，通过跨中两点弯曲试验研究桁架钢筋对预制板受力性能的影响，并基于试验结果和理论分析，提出了预制板刚度计算方法。试验结果表明：桁架钢筋对预制板刚度的提升有限，60 mm厚桁架钢筋板的刚度可能无法满足施工要求；桁架钢筋对混凝土板有效受压面积的削弱将导致混凝土板受弯承载力明显降低，上弦钢筋的屈曲将导致预制板达到极限状态后承载力迅速下降。基于试验结果的参数分析显示，取消桁架钢筋，适当增加预制板厚度，不仅能有效提升预制板的刚度和承载力，还能降低楼板钢筋用量达26%左右。     

钢结构住宅预应力混凝土叠合板(PK板)现场抗弯性能研究

通过对3块预应力混凝土叠合板(PK板)试件的抗弯试验,验证其抗弯承载能力和变形性能.试验发现,PK板破坏前有明显预兆,属延性破坏;板跨的增加会降低PK板的开裂荷载和极限承载力,而预应力筋配筋率的增加则会提高板的抗弯刚度和承载力;实测开裂荷载和极限承载力远高于设计值,完全满足工程要求.本试验为PK板在钢结构住宅中的应用提...     

Innovative Betone für Holz‐Beton‐Verbundkonstruktionen

Innovative concretes for timber‐concrete composite constructions. Timber‐concrete composite constructions are currently applied mainly for new buildings or when strengthening existing timber beam slabs. The load bearing capacity of timber‐concrete composite slabs is essentially affected by the material properties of the concrete slab and timber beam itself as well as the efficiency of bond between both parts. As nowadays a wide spectrum of different innovative concretes is available their applicability for timber‐concrete composite constructions has to be verified. In the following the focus is set for self‐consolidating concrete, steel fibre reinforced concrete, structural lightweight concrete, high‐strength and ultra high‐strength concrete. The advantages but also disadvantages of these concretes will be explained considering structural, economic and processing aspects and building physics.     

集中荷载作用下后浇UHTCC简支双向混凝土板的试验研究

在既有钢筋混凝土板的受弯面上浇筑一定厚度超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)或混凝土材料制成复合板,通过集中荷载作用下简支双向板试验,考察复合板试件的弯曲破坏形态和底面裂缝的走向特征等。试验结果表明,后浇材料有效提高整体构件的承载力和前期刚度。后浇混凝土复合板与对比混凝土板相比较,韧性改善较小,开裂时中心挠度基本没有变化;而UHTCC后浇层的加入,改善混凝土板的整体韧性,开裂时中心挠度与原构件相比最高可提高至235%。并且UHTCC层有效限制受弯底面裂缝的开裂和扩展,延迟有害裂缝的出现,加载过程中没有出现类似于后浇混凝土复合板的脆性破坏。运用非线性三维有限元软件对试验进行数值计算,通过合理的建模和定义材料属性,对试验结果进行分析预测,包括荷载-挠度曲线、受弯底面的挠度分布和应变分布等。分析结果与试验结果基本一致,表明此方法适用于文中复合板件的计算,为采用UHTCC作为保护层或加固层的复合双向板的设计、分析和优化提供分析依据。     

预制再生块体混凝土板-梁连接的受弯性能研究及其工程应用

为提高装配式混凝土结构中预制板、梁的现场施工效率,提出了带外伸齿条的预制板。开展了4个预制装配再生块体混凝土板-梁试件和2个整浇再生块体混凝土板-梁试件的受弯试验,考察了制作方式、板厚及外伸齿条数量对板-梁连接负弯矩区受弯行为的影响,并在某办公楼建筑中对该板-梁连接技术进行了试点应用。试验结果及工程实践表明：预制装配板-梁试件的最大裂缝出现位置与整浇板-梁试件不同;预制装配板-梁试件的极限荷载要高于整浇板-梁试件,但板端外伸齿条数量对极限荷载影响很小;相比于整浇板-梁试件,板厚增加对预制装配板-梁试件极限荷载的提高幅度偏小;与传统预制板、梁的现场拼装相比,带外伸齿条的预制板与预制梁拼装时无需板下临时支撑,可提高施工效率,节省施工成本。     

预应力叠合板抗火性能试验研究

为了解预应力叠合板在火灾中及火灾后的受力性能,制作了12块不同叠合层厚度的预应力叠合板,通过受火试验及受火后的静载试验,研究叠合板在高温和荷载耦合作用下的受力性能以及不同受火时间下受火后的受力机制和剩余承载力。结果表明：预应力叠合板在高温和荷载耦合作用下,叠合面将会产生水平裂缝,燃烧时间越长,这种现象越明显,甚至出现预制层与叠合层脱离;钢筋桁架对预应力叠合板的抗火性能具有重要作用,保证了叠合层与预制层脱离后板仍具有一定的整体工作性能;预应力叠合板在高温和荷载耦合作用下,将会产生顺筋裂缝,发生黏结破坏;受火后预应力叠合板再施加荷载,预制层与叠合层将会完全分离脱开,板的受力机制发生变化,由受弯构件转化为桁架结构;对于受火时间不超过60min、保护层厚度为20mm的预应力叠合板,其剩余承载力仍能达到未受火叠合板的80%以上;对于保护层厚度为20mm、预制层厚度为40mm、叠合层厚度不小于70mm的叠合板,其耐火极限可达2h以上。     

压型钢板-混凝土双向组合板实用计算方法

根据压型钢板-混凝土组合板的受力特点,讨论单、双向组合板的判断标准;提出双向组合板实用计算中考虑泊松比影响的跨中弯矩修正方法;对双向组合板荷载传递与各向同性的普通混凝土楼板的区别进行比较,提出方便实用的荷载传递计算方法。     

单缝密拼钢筋混凝土叠合板受弯性能试验研究

通过10块简支板的静力加载试验,对单缝密拼钢筋混凝土叠合板的破坏形态、刚度、裂缝和承载力进行了研究,并分析了桁架钢筋叠合板密拼缝的传力机理以及桁架钢筋与纵向受力钢筋的定量关系。结果表明：单缝密拼叠合板易在拼缝处发生沿叠合面的撕裂破坏,且其正截面受弯承载力和平均抗弯刚度均低于整浇板;在拼缝处设置桁架钢筋可以有效控制叠合面的撕裂破坏,并提高叠合板垂直于拼缝方向的刚度和承载力;桁架钢筋到拼缝距离等于板厚的试件,未发生拼缝处的叠合面撕裂破坏,其正截面受弯承载力比整浇板试件低6%,但比计算值大9%~18%。结合试验研究成果和国内外相关标准,提出了双向叠合板密拼拼缝的设计建议与构造要求。