The wall–frame and the steel–concrete interactions in composite shear walls

The nonlinear pushover analyses of 24 composite steel plate shear walls (CSPSWs), 24 corresponding steel plate shear walls (SPSWs), and 24 corresponding frames are conducted. CSPSWs have different aspect ratios and infill steel plate thicknesses. The study aims to understand the wall–frame and steel–concrete interactions. The infill steel plate thickness and aspect ratio of CSPSW are the main parameters of the study. In CSPSWs, the percentage of absorbed shear forces by the infill composite wall is always greater than the infill plate of its corresponding SPSW. The percentage of shear in the composite wall is constant at the initial stage of loading up to a drift of 0.15–0.2%. By increasing the drift, the shear yielding of steel plate leads to a reduction of the shear force absorption. The reduction continues until the bulk of shear stiffness of CSPSW is provided by the frame. At the beginning of lateral loading, steel–concrete interactions increase until shear yield of steel plate. Following this stage, a sudden decrease takes place in shear force absorption of reinforced concrete (RC) panel. The reason is that, at the lower drifts, the steel plate has a tendency for elastic buckling, which is prevented by the RC panel. Finally, the shear force absorption remains approximately constant in the RC panel.     

Seismic behavior of T‐shaped steel reinforced concrete shear walls in tall buildings under cyclic loading

Shear walls are often used as the primary lateral load resisting elements in high‐rise buildings because of their large in‐plane stiffness and strength. It is a common practice to combine rectangular walls to form T‐shaped, I‐shaped and L‐shaped walls for functionality and esthetic reasons. Three relatively slender steel reinforced concrete (SRC) shear walls with T‐shaped cross‐sections were constructed and tested to failure under cyclic lateral loading. This research was conducted to assess the failure mechanism, hysteretic behavior, ductility and energy dissipating capacity of SRC T‐shaped walls under various axial load ratios. All the specimens exhibited a flexural mode characterized by crushing of the concrete and buckling of the steel at the free web boundary. The experimental results showed good hysteretic characteristics without pinching phenomena. The ductility coefficient varied from 2.3 to 4.1, and the deformation capability decreased with the increasing of axial load ratios. The stiffness, strength and ductility of T‐shaped walls are dependent upon the direction of the applied lateral loads. Higher stiffness and strength and lower ductility are achieved when the flange is in tension. The failure mechanism suggested that special attention should be paid to the design of the free web boundary to prevent premature failure under compression. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic performance analysis and evaluation of tall structures using grille-type steel plate composite shear walls

Grille-type steel plate composite (GSPC) shear wall is an innovative wall system consisting of concrete cores, steel faceplates, steel tie plates, and steel channels with more advantages than conventional reinforced concrete (RC) walls, including better ductility, higher bearing capacity, and easy-modular characteristics. This paper mainly discusses the seismic performance and damage resistance of GSPC walls to the entire structure from the aspect of the structural level. Three nonlinear numerical models of high-rise structures with different structural heights and types were established by PERFORM-3D software to study the influence of GSPC walls on the change in structural internal forces and deformations compared with RC walls. One of these structures was selected to conduct the seismic fragility analysis based on the incremental dynamic analysis and to assess the structure's seismic performance with GSPC walls. Finally, the seismic damage prediction method was used to evaluate the damage levels of the GSPC wall structure. Results indicate that the structures with GSPC walls suffer more significant seismic forces than those with RC walls, although they experience lesser structural deformations. Moreover, GSPC walls can effectively improve the structure's collapse and seismic damage resistance.     

Seismic performance of corrugated steel plate concrete composite shear walls

In this paper, composite shear walls with different encased steel plates (flat, horizontal corrugated, and vertical corrugated) were tested and simulated by Abaqus to investigate the seismic behavior of corrugated steel plate concrete composite shear walls (SPCSWs). The failure characteristics, deformation and energy dissipation capacity, and stiffness and bearing capacity of the structures under low‐frequency cyclic load were analyzed, and indexes of the seismic performance were obtained. The formulas of the shear‐bearing capacity of steel plate concrete composite shear walls are suggested, and the shear‐sharing ratio of each member is obtained. According to the obtained results, corrugated steel plates can bond with concrete well, and the bearing capacity of the vertical corrugated SPCSW are higher than that of the horizontal corrugated SPCSW. Compared with flat SPCSW, corrugated SPCSW has higher initial stiffness and lateral stiffness, better ductility and energy dissipation ability, and the degradation of bearing capacity and stiffness is slower. The shear‐sharing ratio of a steel plate is larger than that of reinforced concrete in the flat SPCSW and the vertical corrugated SPCSW, the shear force shared by steel plate and reinforced concrete in horizontal corrugated SPCSW is basically the same.     

带方钢管混凝土端柱隔板连接双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

对5个带CFST端柱的隔板连接的双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙进行了恒定轴压条件下的侧向循环加载试验,考虑了截面高厚比(6.0和8.0)、端柱形式、设计轴压比(0.45和0.60)、剪跨比(1.5和2.0)等参数,研究了该类组合剪力墙延性、承载力、刚度和承载力退化、耗能能力、截面弯矩-曲率关系、剪力-剪切角关系以及腹侧腔室钢板等效应变的变化规律等。研究结果表明：组合剪力墙发生了典型的压-弯破坏;墙体受力过程中经历了钢板的屈服和屈曲及混凝土的压溃等破坏;墙体的滞回曲线饱满;墙体的极限侧移角介于2.3%~4.5%之间,位移延性系数介于3.05~4.45之间,具有良好的变形能力;增加截面高厚比,加强端柱构造,减小剪跨比,墙体的承载力和延性均得到提高;轴压比增大对墙体的承载力和延性有不利影响;组合剪力墙受力过程中的剪切变形呈非线性变化的特点,不应忽略;组合剪力墙的变形未局限于墙体固定端以上的有限范围内,而是在墙体高度方向有较为充分的发展,这是墙体变形能力较好的原因之一。     

方钢管混凝土暗柱内嵌钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

以某超高层建筑核心筒剪力墙结构为原型,对两端为方钢管混凝土暗柱的内嵌钢板 高强混凝土组合剪力墙进行了拟静力试验研究。试验设计了3个剪跨比为2.0、设计轴压比为0.5的1∶7模型试件,主要变化参数为混凝土强度等级和含钢率。试验结果表明：试件的破坏形态主要为暗柱钢板竖向焊缝开裂、暗柱内混凝土压溃和底部外包钢板局部屈曲,墙中部混凝土的弯剪斜裂缝发展不明显;3个试件的滞回曲线都较为饱满,具有较高的耗能能力,承载力极限状态时的等效黏滞阻尼系数约为0.22;3个试件的屈服位移角平均值为1/214,极限位移角平均值为1/58,延性系数平均值为3.77;在整个加载过程中,弯曲变形和剪切变形对顶点位移的贡献比例基本保持不变,由剪切变形产生的顶点位移约占总顶点位移的20%。     

Steel–concrete composite shear walls using precast high performance fiber reinforced concrete panels

In this research, seismic performance of composite steel plate shear walls (CSPSWs) using high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) panels is experimentally and numerically investigated. Three one‐story one‐bay CSPSW specimens using precast HPFRC panels were designed and fabricated for cyclic quasi‐static experiments. The HPFRC panels of composite shear wall specimens did not have any steel rebars. The main purpose of the study was to understand the effects of rigid and semirigid HPFRC panels on the seismic behavior of the system. Shear capacity, ultimate shear strength, lateral stiffness, energy dissipation, and ductility ratios of the specimens are evaluated. The experimental results demonstrate that specimens were able to resist lateral load up to at least interstory drift of 6%. Using HPFRC panels, CSPSW specimens becomes stiffer in the elastic region, and the yield displacement of the shear wall is decreased; therefore, the ductility ratio of the system is increased. It should be noted that ultimate shear strength, initial elastic stiffness, and energy absorption of specimens with an HPFRC panel on one side or both sides of the infill steel plate were approximately the same. However, using two HPFRC panels is not economical in comparison with CSPSW with an HPFRC panel on one side. Additionally, the second panel increases the seismic mass of the structure.     

钢板带加强型型钢混凝土低矮剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为进一步改善一字型内置竖向型钢混凝土低矮剪力墙的抗震性能,设计和完成了2个剪跨比为1.0的钢板带加强型内置竖向型钢混凝土低矮剪力墙低周往复水平加载试验,并与1个未设置钢板带的内置竖向型钢混凝土低矮剪力墙进行对比分析。试验结果表明:钢板带的设置使剪力墙的水平承载力有显著提升,极限位移角提高20%左右,满足了相关规范极限位移角大于1/100的要求;钢板带的设置使试件破坏模式发生变化,总耗能有大幅度提升;钢板带的设置要适度,不能过强,以免形成新的薄弱区。     

钢筋混凝土开洞叠合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过对4片钢筋混凝土开洞叠合剪力墙和2片普通钢筋混凝土开洞剪力墙进行抗震性能试验研究,对比研究了试件的受力全过程、开裂部位、裂缝发展情况以及破坏形态,分析了试件的承载能力、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化曲线、延性性能、耗能能力等。研究结果表明：钢筋混凝土开洞叠合剪力墙的受力性能基本和普通钢筋混凝土开洞剪力墙相同,具有较好的抗震性能;保温层外侧的预制钢筋混凝土板能够协同参与受力,与普通钢筋混凝土开洞剪力墙相比,其承载力可提高约7%,并可有效降低其刚度退化;剪式支架能使钢筋混凝土开洞叠合剪力墙的预制部分与现浇混凝土形成整体,共同参与工作。     

纤维增强混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究与理论分析

为根本改善混凝土基体的脆性,提高混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能和损伤容限,设计制作6个局部纤维增强混凝土（FRC）剪力墙试件,在试件变形关键部位采用FRC替代普通混凝土,并考虑高轴压比下剪力墙受压钢筋屈曲和受拉纵筋应力集中的问题,在塑性铰区纵向钢筋上设置钢套管,以改善受力钢筋的稳定性和变形性能。通过对悬臂剪力墙试件的拟静力试验,研究此类剪力墙的破坏现象、受力机理和滞回特性,探讨轴压比、FRC区高度、纵筋强度和钢套管长度等因素对墙体变形能力及耗能能力的影响。研究表明,与普通混凝土剪力墙试件相比,塑性铰区采用FRC的剪力墙试件具有较高的损伤容限和变形能力;提高钢筋强度和延性以及在纵筋上设置钢套管,对其抗震性能和耗能能力均具有明显的改善作用。     

自密实再生块体混凝土叠合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为了对再生块体混凝土叠合剪力墙的安全性鉴定和抗震加固提供参考,通过1片预制普通混凝土墙板内现浇自密实混凝土叠合剪力墙和3片预制普通混凝土墙板内现浇自密实再生块体混凝土叠合剪力墙的低周反复荷载试验,研究了不同废旧混凝土块体取代率、轴压比和边缘约束构件钢管厚度对剪力墙抗震性能的影响,对比分析了各剪力墙的破坏形态、滞回曲线、...     

钢筋混凝土水平拼接叠合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过对3片钢筋混凝土水平拼接叠合剪力墙、1片钢筋混凝土整体叠合剪力墙和1片钢筋混凝土全现浇剪力墙进行抗震性能试验研究,对比研究了试件的裂缝发展情况及破坏形态,分析了试件的承载能力、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化曲线、延性性能、耗能性能等。研究结果表明：水平拼接叠合剪力墙与整体叠合剪力墙以及全现浇剪力墙的受力过程、破坏模式基本相同,抗震性能指标相近,具有较好的抗震性能;水平拼接节点构造合理,水平拼接叠合剪力墙的承载能力不低于整体叠合剪力墙;剪式支架能使钢筋混凝土叠合剪力墙的预制部分与现浇混凝土形成整体,协同工作承受外部荷载。     

型钢自密实混凝土叠合剪力墙恢复力模型

为了研究型钢自密实混凝土叠合剪力墙的抗震性能以及恢复力特性,对1个全现浇型钢普通混凝土剪力墙试件和5个型钢自密实混凝土叠合剪力墙试件进行了低周反复加载试验。通过分析试验所得的剪力墙的水平荷载-位移骨架曲线,建议将其简化为以屈服点、峰值荷载点、极限点为特征点的三折线模型,并根据试验现象以及理论分析结果给出骨架曲线中各特征点参数的计算方法。对试验所得滞回曲线进行回归分析,得到了墙体的抗侧刚度退化规律,据此得出适用于型钢自密实混凝土叠合剪力墙的恢复力模型,并用试验得到的骨架曲线与滞回曲线进行验证。结果表明,由此恢复力模型求得的计算曲线与试验曲线吻合程度较好,该模型可以较好地反映型钢自密实混凝土叠合剪力墙的恢复力特性,可用于计算地震作用下以受弯破坏为主的型钢自密实混凝土叠合剪力墙的荷载-位移滞回曲线。     

智利地震钢筋混凝土高层建筑震害对我国高层结构设计的启示

2010年2月27日在南美洲智利发生的8.8级大地震,造成了钢筋混凝土高层建筑的严重破坏,这是近年来现代钢筋混凝土高层建筑经历的最大地震,引起了国内外工程设计人员的广泛关注.以智利高层建筑结构体系特点入手,分别介绍了智利地震中钢筋混凝土剪力墙高层建筑、立面收进复杂高层建筑、连体复杂高层建筑、带消能减震支撑超高层建筑、带...     

不同轴压比钢管混凝土边缘约束叠合剪力墙的抗震性能

对1片现浇剪力墙和轴压比不同的3片新型钢管混凝土边缘约束叠合剪力墙进行拟静力试验,研究其在往复水平荷载作用下的试验现象、破坏形式和抗震性能,提出钢管混凝土边缘约束叠合剪力墙屈服承载力的计算方法;采用XTRACT有限元分析软件对新型剪力墙峰值承载力进行算例验证,二者结果吻合较好。研究表明:钢管混凝土边缘约束叠合剪力墙的水平承载力和耗能能力较现浇混凝土剪力墙有所提高;其承载力随着轴压比的增大而增大;实验范围内的轴压比对其耗能能力的影响较小。     

冷弯薄壁型钢混凝土剪力墙受剪性能试验研究

通过7个冷弯薄壁型钢混凝土(CTSRC)剪力墙的拟静力水平往复试验,研究了其破坏过程和破坏模式,分析了混凝土强度、剪跨比、轴压比、水平分布筋和竖向型钢量等参数对其受剪性能的影响。试验结果表明：随着水平配筋率、轴压比和混凝土强度的增加受剪承载力提高;随着剪跨比提高,墙体受剪承载力降低;轴压比增加可提高墙体刚度,推迟墙体裂缝的出现,但不利于墙体延性;增加水平配筋可使墙体峰值后的承载力保持稳定。研究表明：CTSRC剪力墙与传统钢筋混凝土剪力墙的破坏特征和受力性能不同,在水平力作用下将出现沿冷弯薄壁型钢的竖向裂缝,经历整体墙到分缝墙的演变,避免了脆性剪切破坏。通过合理设计,CTSRC剪力墙可实现正常使用阶段有较高的刚度、峰值后有较好的延性、破坏时仍具有较高的竖向承载能力的目标。     

双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙研究新进展

进行了两组双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙拟静力抗震性能试验,研究了该类结构的受力机理,并得到其典型破坏形态。试件均表现出良好的延性和耗能能力,滞回曲线饱满稳定,极限位移角均超过现行规范的规定限值,且大于其他类似试验的结果。缀板拉结措施可有效避免墙身钢板的局部屈曲,同时可加强对内填混凝土的约束作用,使高强混凝土在抗震剪力墙中的应用成为可能,从而很好地满足了超高层建筑结构对剪力墙高轴压、高延性、薄墙体的设计需求。在试验研究的基础上,开展了理论分析和数值模拟,对双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙在工程中的应用提出了初步设计建议,对有待进一步开展的研究工作进行了展望。研究表明,双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙具有延性好、耗能能力强、构造简单、施工方便、避免裂缝外露等优点,在超高层建筑结构中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Seismic behavior of double steel concrete composite walls

An innovative double steel concrete (DSC) composite walls were developed to enhance constructability and lateral load resistance of buildings. In order to research the seismic behavior of DSC composite walls, experimental study was carried out. The high‐strength concrete and high axial load were considered. The failure mode, hysteresis behavior, lateral load‐carrying capacity, deformation, and energy dissipation of the composite walls under different testing parameters were observed. All specimens failed in a flexure behavior, with steel plate buckling and concrete compressive crushing in the bottom of composite walls. The pinching behavior was not significant for hysteresis loops of composite walls. Moreover, the lateral load‐carrying capacity and ductility coefficients increased significantly with spacing of constraining bolts and stiffeners decreased. In addition, the calculation method of the lateral load‐carrying capacity of DSC composite walls was proposed, with the consideration of force equilibrium and moment equilibrium. The finite element (FE) method was performed to analyze the failure process of the specimens with the cyclic load. The concrete damage plastic model was selected to simulate the damage progress of concrete. Validation of the FE models against the experimental results showed good agreement. The effect of different parameters was analyzed with FE models.     

考虑剪切作用的钢筋混凝土柱地震反应分析

通过6根钢筋混凝土短柱的低周反复加载试验研究,分离了柱剪切反应和受弯反应。分析结果表明：剪切破坏柱的剪切刚度随剪切裂缝的开展逐渐减小,达到最大剪力时剪切反应骨架曲线进入下降段,剪切滞回曲线具有捏拢效应及刚度退化等特征。达到最大剪力前,柱剪切反应、受弯反应同步发展;达到最大剪力后,对于剪切破坏柱,受弯反应不再发展,剪切反应不断增加,对于受弯破坏柱,两种反应发展趋势相反。对于初始受剪能力小于受弯能力的柱,在剪力达到初始受剪能力时进入剪切破坏阶段;对于初始受剪能力大于受弯能力的柱,塑性铰区的受剪能力会随着弯曲变形的增大而逐渐降低,当受剪能力降至受弯能力以下时进入剪切破坏阶段。在多弹簧模型中引入反映柱平面受剪作用的剪切弹簧,将柱受力机制视为受弯机制与受剪机制的串联,提出了考虑剪切作用的钢筋混凝土柱地震反应分析方法。理论计算结果和试验结果比较表明：考虑剪切作用的多弹簧模型能较好地反映剪切破坏柱的受力性能;未考虑剪切的多弹簧模型会高估剪切破坏柱的延性、耗能能力及抗侧能力,结果偏于不安全。     

钢板混凝土剪力墙抗剪性能试验研究

完成了2个内嵌钢板混凝土墙试件和3个外包钢板混凝土墙试件在恒定轴压力和往复剪切作用下的拟静力试验,用以研究钢板混凝土剪力墙的抗剪性能。墙试件采用工字形截面,剪跨比为1.2,腹板墙截面含钢率约6%。试验结果表明：试件腹板墙发生剪切破坏;当设计轴压比由0.3提高至0.6时,试件的受剪承载力略有提高,极限位移角减小约20%;在轴压比相同和腹板墙含钢率相近的情况下,外包钢板混凝土墙的变形能力比内嵌钢板混凝土墙大约20%;采用竖向加劲肋-缀条拉结代替栓钉-对拉螺栓连接,外包钢板混凝土墙的受剪承载力差异不大,但变形能力显著增大。对国内外46个钢板混凝土墙试验数据的分析表明,按中国规程 JGJ 3-2010《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》计算得到的受剪承载力平均为试验值的78%,计算公式偏于安全;而美国规范AISC 341-10和欧洲规范Eurocode 8的计算公式仅考虑钢板的抗剪贡献,计算值仅为试验值的51%,严重低估了钢板混凝土墙的受剪承载力。对大量剪力墙试验数据的分析表明,钢板混凝土墙的剪切变形能力显著优于钢筋混凝土墙和钢骨混凝土墙。