中国国际丝路中心超高层结构设计与关键技术

中国国际丝路中心超高层建筑总高度498 m,位于陕西省西安市,抗震设防烈度8度,该结构的侧向变形和承载力均由地震作用控制.为解决结构侧向刚度不足的问题,设置了伸臂桁架加强层,然而传统伸臂桁架往往会造成结构刚度和承载力突变等问题.为此,采用基于刚性伸臂和黏滞阻尼伸臂的组合伸臂桁架技术,研究刚性伸臂桁架和黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架在...     

超高层建筑结构加强层耗能减震技术及连接节点设计研究

在框架-核心筒结构体系中,加强层可显著提高结构抗侧刚度、减小结构侧移,但会带来结构刚度、内力突变等不利影响。以某超高层建筑为工程背景,研究了黏滞阻尼器在伸臂桁架体系中的应用及在多遇地震和罕遇地震作用下的减震效果,研究了设置黏滞阻尼器的环带桁架在超高层建筑中的较优位置和减震效率。结果表明：黏滞阻尼器在伸臂桁架结构中的设置可以减小核心筒剪力墙的塑性损伤,减小结构的动力响应;设置黏滞阻尼器的环带桁架宜布置在层间相对速度大的位置,随超高层结构高度增加,阻尼器的减震效率降低。通过对伸臂桁架与外框柱、核心筒连接节点的设计及构造的分析,提出了连接节点的设计建议。     

某超高层办公楼结构抗震可恢复性能设计

以一栋超高层办公楼为例,介绍了工程结构的抗震性能目标及耗能装置耗能目标,将可恢复功能防震结构的概念从理论应用到实际工程中。在传统抗震结构布置的基础上,根据结构受力特点布置了BRB、软钢连梁、伸臂阻尼及阻尼墙等耗能装置,并进行了多遇地震作用下的弹性分析和罕遇地震、极罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性分析。多遇地震作用下的弹性分析结果表明,结构主要指标均满足规范要求;罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性分析结果表明,可更换构件及黏滞阻尼构件充分耗能,能够有效地控制结构的残余层间位移角及结构的损伤,结构整体具有良好的震后可恢复性能;极罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性分析结果表明,结构可达到“不倒”的性能目标。     

Seismic resilience design of a super high-rise office building

以一栋超高层办公楼为例，介绍了工程结构的抗震性能目标及耗能装置耗能目标，将可恢复功能防震结构的概念从理论应用到实际工程中。在传统抗震结构布置的基础上，根据结构受力特点布置了BRB、软钢连梁、伸臂阻尼及阻尼墙等耗能装置，并进行了多遇地震作用下的弹性分析和罕遇地震、极罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性分析。多遇地震作用下的弹性分析结果表明，结构主要指标均满足规范要求；罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性分析结果表明，可更换构件及黏滞阻尼构件充分耗能，能够有效地控制结构的残余层间位移角及结构的损伤，结构整体具有良好的震后可恢复性能；极罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性分析结果表明，结构可达到“不倒”的性能目标。     

Earthquake response control of a super high‐rise structure subjected to long‐period ground motions via a novel viscous damped system with multilever mechanism

A novel viscous damped system and its principles are proposed in the paper. It is a novel viscous damped system with multilever mechanism that can improve the energy dissipation capacity of conventional viscous dampers. In order to compare the damping effects of the novel viscous damper with that of the conventional viscous damper, a shaking table test of a three‐story steel frame structure is performed. Testing results indicate that the novel viscous damped system is more efficient. The elastic time‐history analysis of a super high‐rise frame‐core tube structure is studied under the frequently occurring earthquake. Dynamic loads take two groups of ground motions with different period characteristics into account. Main response values such as base shear, interstory drift, and acceleration factor under long‐period ground motions are apparently larger than the seismic results due to standard ground motions. Responses between the undamped structure and the damped structure with conventional viscous dampers or the latest products are compared. It is concluded that the proposed viscous damped system can perform more effectively in reducing high‐rise structural responses subject to long‐period ground motions.     

Optimal vertical configuration of combined energy dissipation outriggers

The damped outrigger system emerged as an improvement of the conventional outriggers with the aim to provide supplemental damping and to contribute to the vibration control in super tall buildings where this system is usually applied. In addition to viscous dampers (VDs), buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) have also been employed as energy dissipating members in outriggers. Nevertheless, the combined use of outriggers with VDs and BRBs in the same structure has not yet been studied. Such combination can contribute to achieve an effective multiperformance design of super tall buildings. This paper presents a study whose main objective was to determine the optimal vertical combination of two types of energy dissipation outriggers to control the seismic responses of a 9‐zone super tall model structure. Outriggers with VDs (OVDs) and outriggers with BRBs (OBRBs) were placed at the different zones of the structure considering all the possible combinations and in configurations of up to four outriggers. The effects of these combinations on the seismic performance of the structure were studied through parametric analysis and optimization methods. This form of the outrigger system is defined in this paper as combined energy dissipation outrigger system. The results indicate that when two energy dissipation outriggers are used, the combination of OBRB plus OVD shows superior seismic performance compared with other double‐outrigger configurations. In addition, the results show that the locations of OVDs and OBRBs play an important role in the structure behavior; it was found that it is more beneficial to place OBRBs above OVDs.     

上海中心大厦巨型框架-核心筒结构竖向地震作用反应分析

上海中心大厦主体结构高度632 m,为带伸臂桁架的巨型框架-核心筒结构,其竖向地震作用反应大且较为复杂。巨型框架与核心筒沿高度的质量和竖向刚度分布特性差异较大,两者的相对振动将导致伸臂桁架产生较大的内力;环带桁架具有转换承重和巨柱弹性支承的特性,相对支承巨柱存在更大的竖向振动放大效应。在分析结构重力荷载的竖向分布特性以及结构自振特性的基础上,通过反应谱和时程分析,对上海中心大厦结构在竖向地震作用下巨柱和核心筒的轴重比、伸臂桁架和环带桁架的内力反应以及巨柱、核心筒和环带桁架的竖向加速度反应及分布特点进行分析。结果表明：上海中心大厦结构的竖向地震作用反应随结构高度增加而增加;处于高区的巨柱和核心筒的轴重比约为低区的2.2倍和2.3倍,高区伸臂桁架和环带桁架在竖向地震作用下的轴力占重力荷载作用下轴力的比例约为低区的2.2倍和4.3倍;高区环带桁架跨中竖向加速度反应较相应标高巨柱增大20%。     

Seismic design and assessment for midrise buildings equipped with damped-outrigger system

The damped-outrigger system has been proposed to improve the performance of conventional outrigger systems in controlling the structural seismic response by increasing the damping and stiffness. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using damped-outrigger systems in midrise buildings and provide engineers with a comparison between conventional structural systems such as moment resisting frame (MRF) and buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) in proposing the most suitable structural system. In this study, the buckling-restrained brace and viscous damper are adopted as the energy dissipation devices in the damped-outrigger system. A total of 48 midrise numerical models with various building heights and structural systems are analyzed using nonlinear response history analysis and incremental dynamic analyses. The analysis results show that the midrise buildings equipped with a damped-outrigger system with either viscous damper or buckling-restrained brace (BRB) can reach similar and even better seismic performance when compared with the BRBF; it also reduces the structural responses by around 30% for the maximum roof drift and acceleration responses when compared with MRF. The analysis results could provide a reference for structural engineers when selecting suitable lateral force resisting systems for midrise buildings.     

上海中心大厦伸臂桁架与巨柱和核心筒连接的抗震性能试验研究

在上海中心大厦伸臂钢桁架与柱和核心筒连接单调静力试验的基础上,进行了该连接的抗震性能试验。试验设计了3种不同的反复加载路径,以考察普通循序渐增加载方式和不同损伤累积后再以普通循序渐增加载方式下试件滞回特性和耗能能力的差别。结果表明：在几种不同路径反复荷载作用下,试件最终破坏均发生在伸臂桁架斜腹杆和下弦杆端部,伸臂桁架与巨柱和核心筒连接的节点板塑性应力水平较低,滞回曲线形状饱满,延性较好,满足结构抗震设计要求;伸臂桁架在不同加载路径下的累积塑性耗能引起的塑性损伤对伸臂桁架的滞回性能退化有一定影响,但并不显著;单斜腹杆作为伸臂桁架耗能的主要构件,其累积轴力耗能占伸臂桁架总耗能的70%左右。     

Analytical Model for Viscous Wall Dampers

By now, many civil engineering researchers have extensively studied the application of earthquake energy dissipation systems in seismic‐resistant buildings. Earthquake energy dissipation systems play an important role in enhancing the sustainability of structures against seismic excitation. Frame buildings are strengthened by installing damper devices as supplemental structural members. This article presents the finite‐element‐based development of an analytical model for a viscous wall damper (VWD) device, an alternative to other earthquake energy dissipation systems, which can diminish the effect of earthquakes on structures and improve the seismic performance of multistory buildings subjected to ground motion. The constitutive law of VWDs has been formulated and integrated to develop a finite element model of VWD compatible with the reinforced concrete (RC) structure analytical model. Then, the finite element algorithm has been developed for inelastic analysis of RC buildings equipped with VWD devices capable of detecting damage to both structural members and damper connections under dynamic loading. Based on the developed system, the special finite element program was codified and verified by applying it to a real model of a RC building with supplementary VWD devices. Influence of VWDs on seismic performance of the RC building during earthquake excitation was evaluated. The proposed analytical model for VWD is verified by using experimental test data and analysis result proved that this energy dissipation system succeeds by substantially diminishing and dissipating a structure's induced seismic responses. Also the parametric study indicated that the damping coefficient is very effective on performance of VWD.     

大跨空间网架结构采用消能减震技术的研究

针对网架结构特点,提出采用粘滞流体阻尼器作为冗余杆件和粘弹性阻尼器替换原杆件两种方法对网架结构进行消能减震。以一正放四角锥网架为模型,对其采用消能减震技术前后结构地震响应进行对比结果表明,上述两种方法均可以有效减小网架结构的地震响应。同时,对阻尼器布置位置变化对减震效果的影响进行分析比较。     

Shaking table test and numerical analysis of a high‐rise building with steel reinforce concrete column and reinforce concrete core tube

This paper assesses the seismic performance of a high‐rise building with steel reinforce concrete column and reinforce concrete core tube in Shanghai, China. This building has 54 floors above the ground and 4 basements, and it has two strengthened layers, which are composed of outrigger truss and belt truss. In order to validate the reliability and the safety of this structure, besides the conventional analysis, shaking table test of scale model was conducted. In the test, the maximum responses of acceleration and deformation were measured and evaluated, as well as the dynamic characteristics, crack pattern, and failure mechanism of the building. Meanwhile, elastic‐plastic time‐history analysis for prototype structure was carried out by the finite element analysis program, and the experimental data were compared with the analytical results to gain a better understanding of the seismic performance of the building. The conclusions are summarized below:

相似文献   

上海环球金融中心结构设计

上海环球金融中心为超高层建筑,高度为492m,地下3层,地上101层,是国内目前在建的最高建筑,采用了外围为巨型桁架筒与内部为钢筋混凝土的筒中筒结构。着重介绍该工程的体系特点、基于性能的抗震及抗风计算原则及方法、整体计算结果、静力弹塑性分析结果、整体及节点模型试验结果、内核心筒的转换、非贯通式外伸臂桁架的布置及设计、周边带状桁架与巨型斜撑及周边小柱的设计原则、独特的箱型截面形式及节点连接方式、顶部钢结构的设计及减震装置的设置等。上海环球金融中心工程设计和施工技术对于进一步推动我国超高建筑技术的进步与发展将会起到积极作用。     

A comparison study of conventional construction methods and outrigger damper system for the compensation of differential column shortening in high-rise buildings

The outrigger and belt truss system is commonly used as one of the structural systems to effectively control the excessive drift due to lateral load and minimize the risk of structural and non-structural damage. However, this prominent structural system has a demerit of excessive stressing to structural and nonstructural members during construction due to differential column shortening. In this paper, several potential construction methods managing the outrigger to perimeter column joints experiencing differential column shortening are discussed. These methods include fixed joint without any adjustment, delayed joint, delayed joint with shim plate adjustment, and outrigger damper (or lock-up-device) installed joint. Based on our research through computer analysis, large scale laboratory test, shake table test and real installation of the apparatus to a high-rise project, the building with outrigger damper or lock-up-device system has many advantages in terms of building performance, construction convenience, quality control and cost reduction.     

Dynamic experimental study of viscous damper on Chinese traditional style structure with dual‐lintel‐column joint of steel and composite structures

In order to analyze the dynamic mechanical properties of viscous damper on the concrete Chinese traditional style structure with dual‐lintel‐column joints under seismic excitation, we designed 3 specimens for dynamic cyclic loading, including 2 specimens with viscous damper, which called controlled structure and 1 specimen without viscous damper called noncontrolled structure. The failure process and corresponding failure mode were obtained. The failure characteristics, skeleton curves, and mechanical behavior such as the load‐displacement hysteretic loops, degradation of strength and rigidity, ductility and energy dissipation of the joints and the load‐displacement hysteretic loops of viscous damper were analyzed. Results indicate that the hysteretic curve of viscous damper on the concrete Chinese traditional style structure with dual‐lintel‐column joints and viscous damper are plumper, and the structure has good ductility and capacity of energy dissipation. In the study, the concrete Chinese traditional style structure with dual‐lintel‐column joints and viscous damper can work together in conjunction. The load‐bearing capacity of the controlled structure is significantly higher than that of the noncontrolled structure; the performance of ductility and the ability of energy dissipation are superior to those of the noncontrolled structure. All experimental results reflect that the seismic performance of the controlled structure is significantly superior to that of the noncontrolled structure.     

位移放大型黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架减震效果及动力试验研究

为提高黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架在地震作用下的耗能效率,设计了一种带位移放大装置的黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架。对分别设置传统型和位移放大型黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架的超高层结构进行有限元分析,对比了结构的地震响应及阻尼器的工作状态。通过动力荷载试验,考察两种黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架的滞回性能,对比阻尼器的位移及耗能,研究位移放大系数的变化规律,分析伸臂桁架刚度对黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架工作效率的影响。结果表明：相比传统型黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架,采用位移放大型黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架可将阻尼器的耗能效率提高至原来的1.5~1.8倍,使结构获得更好的减震效果;位移放大型黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架滞回曲线光滑、对称、饱满,具有良好的工作性能,且能有效放大阻尼器的工作位移并增大耗能;提出了黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架的位移放大系数的计算式,计算值与试验值吻合较好;为保证黏滞阻尼伸臂桁架的工作效率,建议伸臂桁架的刚度比取值不小于9。     

银泰中心主塔楼采用液体粘滞阻尼器的减振设计

银泰中心主塔楼为北京CBD标志性建筑之一,楼高249.9m,共62层,为超高层钢结构,是我国首次在新建超高层钢结构建筑中采用消能减震措施。阐述了结构耗能减振的研究及发展现状,给出了北京银泰中心主塔楼的结构方案设计的特点,然后对线性及非线性液体粘滞阻尼器的工作原理及特点进行对比,并介绍了主塔楼阻尼器的楼层布置及所采用的支撑类型。通过计算表明在设置非线性粘滞阻尼器后,银泰中心主塔楼的风振加速度降低,主塔楼的抗震性能同时得到了改善。通过能量原理得到了工程设置粘滞阻尼器后的附加阻尼比。最后对阻尼器的测试情况作了介绍,测试结果表明银泰中心用阻尼器的性能达到设计要求。     

Experimental study and numerical analysis on seismic performance of steel beam‐column damping joint in Chinese traditional style buildings

This paper aims to research the seismic performance of steel beam‐column damping joint of Chinese traditional style building. Three specimens of steel beam‐column damping joints with the1:2.6 scale were designed and researched, which included two specimens with viscous damper and one contrast specimen without viscous damper. The experimental study was carried out by cyclic dynamic loading test. The effects of viscous dampers for the steel structure beam‐column joint in Chinese traditional style buildings are analyzed by investigating the hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, strength and stiffness degradation, ductility, overstrength factor, and energy dissipation capacity. The results show that the steel beam‐column joints of Chinese tradition style buildings with viscous damper have better energy dissipation capacity and higher bearing capacity. Based on the experiment, the nonlinear finite element analysis was conducted using the ABAQUS software. The influence of damping coefficient on the behavior of the new damping joint of Chinese tradition style buildings was obtained, and the design suggestions were presented.     

消能减震技术在某既有综合楼抗震加固中的应用研究

简要介绍了Sap2000中FNA方法的计算原理,结合既有综合楼采用消能减震技术进行了加固设计.通过对原结构地震反应分析,对抗震能力不足之处采取消能加固.结果表明,加固后有效降低了结构地震反应,达到抗震性能要求.     

兰州红楼时代广场模型结构振动台试验研究

兰州红楼时代广场是一幢扭转不规则、高度超限的超高层混合结构体系建筑,结构采用了带水平加强层的框架-核心筒抗侧力体系。通过1∶25缩尺模型振动台试验,对模型结构在8度设防、多遇和罕遇地震作用下的加速度反应、位移反应以及关键部位的动应变反应进行测试,发现结构的薄弱部位,评价该结构体系的整体抗震性能。研究结果表明：加强层会引起结构局部刚度、承载力突变,结构受力复杂化,并易形成薄弱部位,但通过调整伸臂桁架或者相邻层的刚度,可使加强层的不利影响降低到较小程度;模型结构在8度大震作用下仍不倒塌,证明该结构体系具有良好的抗震性能,可以用于高烈度抗震设防区。