环糊精侧基聚硅氧烷的合成及其应用研究

先在KOH作用下,以烯丙基缩水甘油醚和β-环糊精为原料合成带有α烯基的环糊精衍生物--4-(3-烯丙氧-2-羟基)丙氧基-β-环糊精(PCD);然后在铂催化剂的作用下,利用PCD与含氢硅油(PHMS)在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶剂中的硅氢化加成反应,合成了一种侧链带有β-环糊精基团的亲水性聚硅氧烷--PDMS-g-β-CD.通过核磁共振氢谱分别对产物的结构进行了表征,对PDMS-g-β-CD进行乳化及复配,并用其对纯棉针织双面布进行整理,测试了样品性能.整理后织物柔软度提高,且随着环糊精侧基含量从0.05%增大至0.14%.弯曲刚度经纬总和从727 mN增加至808 mN;工作浴液的固含量从0.3%增至1.2%,织物的弯曲刚度经纬总和从808 mN下降到748 mN:将ASO-1和环糊精侧基聚硅氧烷复配后柔软性提高.     

一种新型有机硅抗紫外整理剂的合成与应用

在铂催化剂的作用下,利用4-(2-羟基-3-烯丙氧)丙氧基-2-羟基二苯甲酮与含氢硅油在甲苯溶剂中的硅氢化加成反应,合成了一种侧链含二苯甲酮紫外吸收基的聚硅氧烷,并对其物化性能和其在织物整理中的应用性能进行了研究.结果表明,二苯甲酮类紫外吸收基聚硅氧烷的相对密度和折射率随着紫外吸收基团含量的增加而增大,其分子量分布较宽;用其整理的织物,随着紫外吸收基含量的增加,柔软性提高,抗皱性能降低,吸水性下降;对于紫外吸收基含量恒定的整理剂,随工作浴液的固含量增加,织物的紫外光透过率降低,柔软度有所提高;乳化剂T-55用量(对硅油的质量分数)为30%时,硅乳的稳定性较好,且整理后的织物柔软性、吸水性良好.     

有机硅紫外吸收剂DMUV-O的合成、表征及其应用性能

利用四甲基环四硅氧烷（D4^H）与4-（β-羟基-γ-烯丙氧）丙氧基-2-羟基二苯甲酮（MUV-O）、烯丙基缩水甘油醚（AGE）、烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚（CG-5）的硅氢化加成反应,合成了一种分子中携带二苯甲酮衍生物、聚醚以及环氧基团的有机硅抗紫外整理剂DMUV-O．用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、紫外光谱等仪器对其进行了结构表征．DMUV—O用于棉织物后整理的结果表明,DMUV-O对波长为243．6nm、289．2nm、325．0nm的紫外光有强吸收作用,并能改善织物的紫外吸收性能,能明显降低织物的弯曲刚度,增加织物的柔软性和吸湿性,对织物的白度和透气性影响不大．     

新型氨基聚硅氧烷柔软剂的制备、表征与应用性能研究

以八甲基环四硅氧烷（D4）、N，N-二甲基-γ-氨丙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷（KH-Si-121）和六甲基二硅氧烷（MM）为原料，采用本体聚合反应合成了一种新型织物柔软剂N，N-二甲基-γ-氨丙基-γ-氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷（ASO-121），用红外、核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征，并在斜纹厚棉布上进行了应用性能研究．结果表明，随着ASO-121中氨值的增大，弯曲刚度减小，织物柔软效果增强，表面摩擦系数增大，织物滑爽性能下降，同时白度也降低，将ASO-121与通用型柔软剂β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷（ASO-1）进行应用效果对比发现，经ASO-1整理过的织物柔软效果和折皱回复性较好，而ASO-121整理过的织物静态吸湿性和白度较好，但两者整理织物的滑爽性相近．     

新型紫外线吸收剂的合成及其在棉织物中的应用

以2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮（UV-O）、三聚氯氰（TCT）为原料合成了反应性紫外线吸收剂4-(4,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪-2-氧基)-2-羟基苯基苯甲酮（UV-DTHM）并将其应用于棉织物的抗紫外整理。探讨了织物在UV-DTHM整理液中的浸轧温度、汽蒸时间及紫外吸收剂的用量对整理效果的影响,获得了优化得整理工艺条件。在对织物重2% （o.w.f）UV-DTHM整理液中60℃下浸轧,汽蒸60 min后棉织物具有了很好的抗紫外效果,紫外线防护因子（UPF）值达46.5,且皂洗30次后UPF值基本恒定为34.2,显示了优异的耐皂洗性能。     

涤纶织物光动力抗菌多功能面料制备与性能

随着人们健康意识的提高,对于功能性纺织品种类的需求越来越多,文中将3种不同长碳链的二苯甲酮类衍生物B-8、B-12、B-16,通过整理的方式应用于涤纶织物,系统探讨了焙烘温度和焙烘时间对织物性能的影响。结果表明,合适的整理工艺为180℃焙烘2.5 min;所整理涤纶织物在紫外光照射条件下产生羟基自由基,具有光动力抗菌性能,B-12在浓度为10 g/L时所整理的涤纶织物紫外光照射60.0min后就能达到99.99%的抑菌率,有良好的光动力抗菌性能;同时3种二苯甲酮衍生物整理的涤纶织物均具有优异的紫外防护性能,实现了涤纶织物光动力抗菌和紫外防护多功能化。     

氟烷基改性含氢硅油对大麻织物的整理

在钯碳加氢催化剂的作用下,根据硅氢加成的方法合成氟烷基改性含氢硅油,并将合成的氟烷基改性含氢硅油进行乳化,采用正交试验得到较佳的乳化条件为:乳化时间150 min,复合乳化剂含量5%,乳化温度40℃,氟烷基改性含氢硅油含量4%。将已经乳化的氟烷基改性含氢硅油对大麻织物进行整理,通过测定大麻织物的断裂强度、弹性回复角、弯曲长度、润湿接触角和白度,分析得出较佳的整理工艺为:焙烘时间3 min,整理液质量浓度90 g/L,焙烘温度180℃。利用扫描电镜对整理后的大麻织物进行表征,结果显示整理后的大麻织物具有较好的服用性能。     

端基型聚醚改性有机硅的合成及性能

以Si—H基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PHMS)和烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(FAE-10)为原料,在氯铂酸催化下,经硅氢加成反应制得了端基型聚醚改性有机硅(TMPES).优化反应条件为:氯铂酸用量(以铂计)2.0×10-5(对单体总质量)、FAE-10和PHMS按n(C C)∶n(Si—H)=1.1∶1.0、反应温度90℃、反应时间4 h,得可溶于水的淡黄色透明液体TMPES.用IR对TMPES的结构进行了表征,并对TMPES的表面性能及在纯棉布样整理中的应用性能进行了测定和研究.结果表明,TMPES具有良好的表面活性,其临界胶束浓度(cmc)为0.8g/L,临界胶束浓度时的表面张力(γcmc)为26.7 mN/m.随着TMPES用量的增加,被整理纯棉布的弯曲刚度减小,织物柔软效果增强,白度和吸湿性变化不大.     

新型有机硅防水剂在涤纶织物上的应用

以乙烯基/氨基共改性硅油(Vi-ASO-1)、环氧硅油(ESO)和含氢硅油(PHMS)为原料,制备一种新型有机硅防水剂(Vi-PHEAS-1),用乙酸乙酯将其溶解为0.03％的有机硅整理液.研究了Vi-ASO-1的黏度,Vi-ASO-1、ESO、PHMS的质量比以及焙烘时间对涤纶织物防水性的影响.结果表明,当Vi-ASO-1的黏度为400 mPa·s,Vi-ASO-1、ESO、PHMS的质量比为1∶0.2∶0.2,焙烘时间为3 min时,整理织物的防水效果最好,接触角可达到143.16°.     

苯甲酮四甲酸丁酯用于涤纶织物光诱导耐久抗菌性能研究

以3,3',4,4'-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐(BPTCD)和正丁醇为原料合成了具有光学活性的化合物3,3',4,4'-二苯甲酮四甲酸丁酯(BPTCA-E)作为光诱导抗菌剂,并采用紫外可见吸收光谱、红外光谱以及核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行表征。同时,将光诱导抗菌剂BPTCA-E应用于涤纶的抗菌整理,研究了BPTCA-E质量浓度、焙烘温度、焙烘时间对整理后织物羟基自由基产生的影响,并对不同BPTCA-E质量浓度整理涤纶织物的抗菌性能进行研究。结果表明,在BPTCA-E 100 g/L、180℃焙烘2.5 min的条件下,整理涤纶织物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率达到99.99%。     

Cyclodextrin-4 Hydroxy benzophenone inclusion complex for UV protective cotton fabric

An inclusion complex was formed by the reaction of β -cyclodextrin (β -CD) with 4-hydroxy benzophenone (4-HBP), since β -CD acts as a hosting molecule for 4-HBP. The inclusion complex was added to a finishing bath containing citric acid (CA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as a catalyst to provide the cotton fabric anti-crease and ultraviolet (UV) protection properties. Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) is the scientific term used to indicate the amount of UV protection provided to skin by fabric. The factors affecting the performance properties and UPF were studied in detail. It was noted that at 0.25 g β -CD and 4-HBP represent the optimum concentration for both of the UPF and anti-crease properties. Increasing the CA and SHP concentrations lead to an increase in the UPF and the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), while the tensile strength of the finished fabric decreases. Also increasing the curing temperature and/or prolonging the duration enhanced the UPF and WRA. While the tensile strength decreased significantly, the durability of the UV protective cotton fabric against successive washings was evaluated at different numbers of washing cycles (0, 15, and 30 washing cycle). The finished fabrics show an excellent durability against 30 successive washing cycles.     

The effect of hydrophilic (polyvinyl alcohol) fiber content on the flexural behavior of engineered cementitious composites (ECC)

This paper investigates the effect of hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber’s content (1.2–2.0% volume of composite) on the flexural behavior of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) materials. Different parameters of flexural behavior such as strength at first-cracking and post-cracking stages, deflection at ultimate load, toughness indices according to ASTM 1018, flexural modulus, and energy absorption were determined. Test results showed that the flexural strength and flexural modulus of composites significantly increases by increment in fiber content. However, flexural strength of composites varies from 8.5 to 14 MPa depending on amount of PVA fibers. The toughness indices, deflection at max load and energy absorption were decreased by further increase in the fiber content from 1.6 to 2%. It was indicated that there was an indirect relationship between flexural strength and ductility of composite in higher amount of fiber content.     

二苯甲酮类紫外线吸收剂对棉织物的整理工艺

针对紫外线导致皮肤老化而伤害皮肤真皮层的问题,对二苯甲酮类紫外线吸收剂进行改性,并探讨了整理剂质量分数、氯化纳质量浓度、浴比、氢氧化钠质量浓度及反应时间对改性二苯甲酮紫外线吸收剂处理棉织物性能的影响,测定整理后棉织物的UPF值、断裂强度、透气性、折皱回复角(缓弹5 min),并对FTIR和XRD的微观谱图进行分析。结果表明,整理剂质量分数为25%,氯化纳质量浓度为18 g/L,浴比为1∶35,氢氧化钠质量浓度为16 g/L,反应时间为100 min时,棉织物的抗紫外线效果最佳,可达到78。     

棉织物的反应性二苯甲酮紫外线吸收剂/液体石蜡整理

利用反应性二苯甲酮紫外线吸收剂UV-1/液体石蜡对棉织物进行抗紫外线整理,以整理后织物的均匀性和UPF值为评价指标,对织物带液率、Na_2CO_3质量浓度、整理温度及时间等因素进行优选,得到的优化工艺为:棉织物以120%带液率浸轧40 g/L Na_2CO_3溶液,先在30℃下处理40 min后升温至70℃并保温40 min。与水浴整理相比,UV-1/液体石蜡整理工艺具有更高的UPF值,且具有优良的耐水洗牢度。     

萌发荞麦种子蛋白质组分含量变化的研究

研究了荞麦种子萌发后总蛋白质和各蛋白组分如清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的含量变化，结果表明：本试验条件下，山西甜荞和四川苦荞萌发后总蛋白质含量呈逐渐下降趋势。山西甜荞经过72h的萌发，其蛋白质总量由最初的11．90％下降到5．44％，下降了6．5个百分点。四川苦荞由萌发初的6．53％下降到0．96％，下降了5．6个百分点。荞麦清蛋白和球蛋白在萌发后均呈现下降趋势，与总蛋白质含量变化相一致。谷蛋白在萌发后至36h内含量下降，之后又快速增加。四川苦荞醇溶蛋白含量在萌发后逐渐增加．而山西甜荞则有逐渐下降趋势。     

Effect of Moisture in Flax Fibres on the Quality of their Composites

Moisture present in plant fibres is considered to be detrimental to the performance of composites. In general, a drying stage is performed on the plant fibre fabrics before manufacturing the composites since it is seemed to allow better output. This work provides an analysis of the effect of moisture in flax fibres on the overall quality of epoxy/flax biocomposites. Flax fibre fabrics were conditioned at different relative humidity (RH) environments and composites were manufactured by vacuum infusion technique. Composites were characterized by mechanical and microstructural analysis. Results showed that manufacturing composites with highly humid fabrics (95% RH) generates post processing deformation of finished parts and also leads to poor microstructural quality. The moisture in the fibres with different RH reduced the stiffness (from 23.74 to 17.67 GPa for Young’s modulus and from 16.28 to 11.82 GPa for flexural modulus) but increased their fracture strain (from 1.87 to 2.64). Tensile strength displayed an optimum value (287.96 MPa) for fabrics conditioned at 50% RH, but flexural strength decreases continuously from 225.12 to 152.34 MPa as the moisture in the fabric increases.     

KMnO4-Savinase蛋白酶对山羊绒纤维毡缩性能的影响

单独利用Savinase蛋白酶对山羊绒进行防毡缩处理的防缩效果并不十分明显,因此选用KMnO4预处理-Savinase蛋白酶复合处理工艺,通过单因素分析方法确定出Savinase蛋白酶优化处理条件为温度40℃,用量4％(owf),时间25 min,pH值8.5,此时所处理山羊绒的毡缩球体积为18.70 cm3,断裂强力为3.77 cN,断裂伸长率为35.99％,失重率为4.17％.     

Fat volatiles tracers of grass feeding in sheep

Volatile compounds were analysed in subcutaneous fat from lambs raised and finished on grass (GG); raised and finished on concentrates (SS); raised on grass and finished on concentrates for a long (GS1) or a short (GS2) period. Whereas 3-methylindole (skatole), a compound that has been described as a good discriminator of grass feeding, was unaffected by the diet (P>0.05), 2,3-octanedione was lower (P<0.01) in the fat from animals that spent a period in stall with a concentrate diet than in those finished on grass. Among the 20 monoterpenes detected, only p-cymene was affected by the treatment, being higher (P<0.05) in the fat from animals raised and finished on grass (GG) than in the other treatments. Eight among the 13 detected sesquiterpenes were affected by the diet treatment. In particular β-caryophyllene, not detected in the fat from animals raised and finished on concentrates (SS group), was at basal levels in the animals raised on pasture and finished for different durations on concentrates (GS1 and GS2 treatments) and was present at high levels in the animals raised and finished on grass (P<0.0005). From a factorial discriminant analysis, four of the 33 terpenes detected discriminated perfectly those animals raised and finished on pasture (GG) from all the other groups (SS, GS1, GS2).     

红麻粉/聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体,选用两种红麻粉[包括红麻韧皮粉(KB)、红麻芯秆粉(KS)]分别作为填料,采用双螺杆挤出共混造粒及模压成型方法制备红麻粉/聚丙烯复合材料,测试了复合材料的力学性能并观察其微观结构,分析了KB与KS的含量对复合材料的力学性能的影响,以及采用硅烷偶联剂进行改性处理对红麻粉与聚丙烯基体之间的相容性的影响。结果表明:随着红麻粉含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸性能逐渐下降,弯曲强度则逐渐增加;当红麻粉质量分数达到20%时,KB/PP和KS/PP两种复合材料的弯曲强度都出现最大值,分别为41.33、39.29 MPa;红麻粉质量分数由5%增加到25%,复合材料的拉伸模量和弯曲模量不断增加,冲击强度则出现下降;采用硅烷偶联剂进行改性处理可以有效地改善红麻粉与聚丙烯基体之间的相容性。     

棉织物的原位聚合和紫外固化微胶囊芳香整理

采用原位聚合法制备了茉莉香精微胶囊,并通过紫外线固化的方式对棉织物进行芳香整理。红外光谱(FTIR)和光学显微镜(OM)结果显示,其平均粒径为2.6μm,具有良好的热稳定性。通过紫外光固化黏合剂可以实现微胶囊在棉织物上低温条件下固着。当不饱和聚氨酯预聚体为20%,光引发剂Runte-cure1265为2%时,涂层织物烘干后在1 000 W的高压紫外线光源下固化4 min,制得的芳香织物可以经受30次家庭洗涤,整理后的织物强力和硬挺度都有提高。