柔性染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的制备研究新进展与展望

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池在工业卷对卷生产中,生产率高,成本低,吸引了大批研究工作者的关注。简要介绍了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的特点,重点介绍了柔性衬底的选择及柔性光阳极的制备方法。光阳极作为柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的重要组成部分,是电子激发和收集的区域,其性能决定了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的性能。柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极的制备主要基于导电塑料薄膜和金属片,其具有可携带性、柔性、小尺寸与质量轻等特点。导电塑料薄膜衬底必须采用低温制备技术,如加压法、电泳沉积法、化学烧结法、微波辐照、紫外辐照、激光烧结和原子层沉积法等方法。而金属衬底则可采用传统的高温制备技术。     

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池和柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池关键电极材料研究进展

柔性太阳能电池具有轻便、可弯曲的优点,可用于可穿戴设备等器件的即时充电,具有广阔的应用前景,受到持续广泛的关注。柔性太阳能电池制备中的关键在于基材以及与之相关的电极材料的制备。本文综述了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池和柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池近几年的发展情况,着重介绍了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极、对电极以及柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的底电极和电子传输层。结果发现高温烧结目前仍是制备高效染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极不可避免的方法,而对电极则不受这一限制并且已经有多种材料的效率超过了高温烧结的铂。柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究重点是用其他材料代替底电极中柔性较差的ITO以及高温烧结的电子传输材料TiO₂,并且都取得显著成效。在此基础上,展望了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池和柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池未来的发展方向。     

染料敏化太阳能电池及TiO2基光阳极的研究进展

随着人们对于能源需求量的增加，染料敏化太阳能电池作为一种清洁的能量收集装置得到广泛研究。染料敏化太阳能电池是通过染料来获得光电子，利用自身的氧化还原产生电流，但由于光阳极材料的比表面积和电子传输速率提升困难等因素，在实际应用中受到限制。总结了染料敏化太阳能电池的结构和工作原理和研究进展，对它们的优缺点进行分析，提出染料敏化太阳能电池发展中存在的问题和挑战，并对染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的趋势进行了展望。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中电解质的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池是一种新型的太阳能电池（DSSC）。简要介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的结构和基本原理，根据太阳能电池中电解质的类型分为液体电解质、准固态电解质和固体电解质，分别讨论了其研究进展及优缺点，同时对未来染料敏化太阳能电池的发展进行了展望。     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池是一种环保太阳能电池,由于其制作工艺简单、小尺寸等特点,在纺织和电子器件供能等领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的研究现状、组成结构和工作原理,重点介绍了组成太阳能电池中的对电极、光阳极和电解质材料的研究进展和现状,总结了目前染料敏化太阳能电池的研究成果,分析了各种材料作为对电极、光阳极和电解质的优缺点。同时还介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池在纺织领域作为智能纺织品的应用,展望了染料敏化太阳能电池的未来发展趋势。     

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO_2光阳极的制备

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池(Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,FDSSC)是以聚合物或金属等柔性材料为基底的染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,DSSC)。相比于刚性DSSC,其具有可弯曲、低成本、易大面积加工和应用范围广等优点,越来越受到人们的关注。柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO2光阳极的制备方法,根据热处理温度的不同可以分为低温和高温制备方法,其中包括化学法、压力法、电泳沉积法、转移法、金属基底上的制备以及一些新的制备方法等。本文结合DSSC光阳极中电子的传输和复合的基本原理,针对电极的各制备方法进行了综述,并对电池的相关性能作了一定的介绍;最后,对FDSSC未来的发展前景和有潜力的研究方向进行了展望。     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

简要介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的结构和工作原理,评述了染料敏化太阳能电池的几个重要组成部分:纳米半导体薄膜、敏化染料及电解质的研究现状,并总结了当前DSSC研究的主要发展方向.     

中科院1亿元转让染料敏化太阳能电池技术

正从中国科学院获悉,8月18日,中科院上海硅酸盐研究所以1亿元人民币转让费,将染料敏化太阳能电池关键材料及器件技术整体转让给深圳光和精密自动化有限公司,共同推进染料敏化太阳能电池的规模化生产和产业化应用。染料敏化太阳能电池是模仿光合作用原理研制的一种新型太阳能电池,能耗低、无毒、无污染、环境友好。染料敏化太阳能电池关键     

ZnO基复合材料在染料敏化太阳能电池中的研究

ZnO作为染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)光阳极的研究已成为近年来的热点。简要介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的发展及其结构,ZnO在染料敏化太阳能电池方面应用的优点(如无污染、良好的形貌可控性、电子迁移率大等)和缺点,以及近年来关于ZnO与其他材料复合的制备及应用于染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的研究进展,论述了ZnO基复合材料的优点,并分析了该材料研究的发展方向。     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

光导电极材料在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中起到关键作用,直接影响到太阳能电池的总效率,所以一直是DSSC研究的热点.介绍了DSSC的基本工作原理,概述了当前DSSC中最流行的TiO<,2>和ZnO两种薄膜光导电极材料的制备方法,并从结构、工艺和转换效率等方面对染料敏化TiO<,2>薄膜太阳能电池和染料敏化ZnO薄膜太阳能电池进行了介绍和讨论;同时简要介绍了目前研究非常热门的叠层染料敏化太阳电池的研究进程,最后展望了染料敏化太阳能电池的未来发展前景.     

圆柱形金属橡胶结构的静态力学性能

对圆柱形金属橡胶结构做静态实验,运用最小二乘法对实验数据进行拟合,得到金属橡胶材料本构方程的各系数,将由实验得到的各系数代入本构方程式中,从而得到理论拟合迟滞回线,将理论拟合迟滞回线与试验迟滞数据进行对比,发现理论拟合迟滞回线与试验迟滞数据吻合较好,同时运用ANSYS有限元软件对金属橡胶结构进行有限元建模、定义边界条件及施加载荷,最后进行应力应变分析,得到应力应变分布图,发现分析结果与实验结果吻合。     

Relationship between mechanical properties and crystal structure in cocrystals and salt of paracetamol

Abstract

Objectives were to study mechanical properties of various solid forms of paracetamol and relate to their crystal structures. Paracetamol form I (PRA), its cocrystals with oxalic acid (PRA-OXA) and 4,4-bipyridine (PRA-BPY) and hydrochloride salt (PRA-HCL) were selected. Cocrystals and salt were scaled-up using rational crystallization methods. The resulting materials were subjected to different solid-state characterizations. The powders were sieved and 90–360?µm sieve fraction was considered. These powders were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and densities were determined. Tablets were made at applied pressures of 35–180?MPa under controlled conditions and the tablet height, diameter and hardness were measured. Tensile strength and porosity of the tablets were estimated using well known models. Crystal structures of these systems were visualized and slip planes were identified. Cocrystal and salt of PRA were physically pure. Sieved powders had comparable morphologies and particle size. The apparent and theoretical densities of powders were similar, but no clear trends were observed. The tensile strengths of these compacts were increased with increasing pressure whereas tabletability decreased in the order oxalic acid?>?PRA-HCL?≈?PRA-OXA?>?BPY?>?PRA-BPY. Tablet tensile strength decreases exponentially with increasing porosity with the exception of PRY-BPY and BPY. Slip plane prediction based on attachment energies may not be independently considered. However, it was possible to explain the improved mechanical properties of powders based on the crystal structure. Cocrystallization and salt formation have introduced structural features that are responsible for improved tableting properties of PRA.     

Testing of explosive welding and welded joints. Wavy character of the process and joint quality

The basic defects occuring in explosive clad plates were properly systemized and the reasons of their formation were explained. Cases of cracks and delaminations in explosive clad plates were examined in this work. Various values of tensile stresses coming from loading and unloading waves were analysed, as they were the main reason of defects. The defects were connected with properties of welded materials in the joint area and beyond it. Some practical aspects of this process were shown as well.     

有缺陷和无缺陷量子点内应变分布的比较与分析

阐述了量子点内能级结构与应变的关系,用ANSYS7．1计算了有缺陷和无缺陷两种情况下：InAs／GaAs量子点的应变分布,通过对计算结果的比较,讨论了两种情况下不同的应变分布对量子点电子结构影响的不同结果,指出有缺陷时量子点各能级的改变量都与无缺陷时不同,无缺陷时应变的作用只是使能级平行移动;有缺陷时,缺陷将使量子点内能级结构复杂化,有缺陷时发光波长和发光光谱都比无缺陷时复杂。     

透明聚氨酯树脂材料的热性能和力学性能

以4,4′-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)、聚醚多元醇、交联扩链剂、催化剂及助剂合成了一些透明聚氨酯树脂材料。用FT—IR对其结构进行了表征。DSC、TGA测试其玻璃转化温度为95℃～110℃,质量损失5％和10％的热分解温度为265℃、280℃～286℃。SEM对其断口形貌分析表明,其断裂为脆性断裂或韧性断裂。力学性能测试其拉伸强度49MPa～56MPa,断裂伸长率11％～16％,抗弯强度106MPa～116MPa,弹性弯曲模量2006MPa～3089MPa,冲击强度19kJ／m^2～35kJ／m^2,邵氏硬度80D。透先率91％～93％。实验结果表明,透明聚氨酯树脂材料具有卓越的光学性能,优良的力学性能和中等的热稳定性能。     

Growth and study of some gel grown group II single crystals of iodate

Single crystals of calcium iodate and barium iodate were grown by simple gel technique by single diffusion method. The optimum conditions were established by varying various parameters such as pH of gel solution, gel concentration, gel setting time, concentration of the reactants etc. Crystals having different morphologies and habits were obtained. Prismatic, dendritic crystals of barium iodate and prismatic, needle shaped, hopper crystals of calcium iodate were obtained. Some of them were transparent, some transluscent, and few others were opaque. Both the crystals were studied using XRD, FT-IR, and thermal analysis. The crystals were doped by iron impurity. The effect of doping was studied using IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis.     

两种含强供电基的三苯胺均二苯乙烯衍生物的合成及光电性能研究

设计合成了两种新型含强供电基团的三苯胺均二苯乙烯类化合物,并通过IR、MS、NMR进行了结构表征,用紫外吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱、循环伏安法(CV)等手段研究了它们的光电性能,分析了它们的电化学行为,计算出其电离势(P1)分别为5.41和5.54eV,带隙(Eg)分别为2.72和2.74eV,结果表明强供电子基团的引入大大增强了荧光量子效率和空穴的注入传输能力.     

应用在食品行业中的冷封胶薄膜

概述了冷封胶薄膜的结构种类、制备工艺以及优点,接着陈述了冷封薄膜在软包装中的应用以及局限性,指出了实际生产中遇到的问题并对问题进行分析,提出改进方法.最后探讨了冷封薄膜未来的发展方向.     

基于差影技术的乳腺微钙化点检测方法

目的 协助医生进行诊断，避免医生因大量阅片引起疲劳而造成误诊，提高乳腺癌早期诊断的效率和准确率。方法 先对乳腺钼靶X线照片数字化；再对数字化的乳腺影像归一化；然后从中选取感兴趣区域；最后利用差影技术检测出微钙化点并标示于影像中。结果 对于16幅（其中13幅含有微钙化）经过病理解剖确诊的乳腺钼靶片进行实验，利用本文方法共检测出14幅钙化图像。结论 该方法检出率高，微钙化点定位准确，值得进一步研究。     

Growth and study of mixed crystals of Ca-Cd iodate

Mixed crystals of calcium-cadmium iodate were grown by a simple gel technique using diffusion method. The optimum conditions were established by varying various parameters such as pH of gel solution, gel concentration, gel setting time, concentration of reactants etc. Crystals having different morphologies and habits were obtained. Prismatic, dendritic crystals of calcium-cadmium iodate and prismatic needle shaped, hopper crystals of mixed iodate were obtained. Some of them were transparent, some transluscent and a few others were opaque. The crystals were characterized using FT-IR, EDAX, XRD, TGA and DTA.