熔渣泡沫图像的边界提取算法

本文通过大量的实验,综合运用图像处理和模式识别技术,深入、系统的研究了自动识别的理论和技术.针对目前研究现状,本文提出一种基于数字图像处理技术的高炉泡沫渣图像边界检测方法.该方法由x射线穿透高炉到影像增强器,CCD摄像头将采集到的溶渣泡沫影像经图像采集卡转换成数字图像,由计算机经图像处理后得到溶渣泡沫的轮廓线,并由轮廓线背景的刻度线直接看出溶渣泡沫各处的实际高度.实验结果表明,该检测方法在原理上是可行的,对于在现场实现溶渣泡沫高度的在线检测具有指导意义.     

基于EALCD的数字全息的研究

采用一种新的数字全息再现方法,将电荷耦合器件CCD与电寻址液晶EALCD相结合实现数字全息的再现.同时将数字图像处理技术与数字全息术相结合,应用MATLAB软件对记录的全息图进行数字图像处理,实验结果表明,该方法简单快速.通过图像增强等方法对全息图进行数字图像处理,在全息再现中,全息干涉图的对比度得到了显著的提高,有利于全息干涉条纹的自动判读.     

Performance evaluation and testing of digital intra-oral radiographic systems

Four digital intra-oral radiographic systems were tested and evaluated; three charge-coupled device (CCD) based systems from RVG, Visualix and Sidexis and a photostimulable phosphor (PSP) system from DenOptix. Image quality was assessed using three purpose-built phantoms to measure uniformity, low contrast detail detectability and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Limiting resolution was measured using a 20 lp mm(-1) bar pattern. Radiation output inaccuracies caused difficulties in achieving optimum doses for CCD systems. However, the accuracy was improved by using K-edge filters. SNR measurements proved to be a useful tool in assessing system performance. Each system has specific attributes: resolution was highest for the RVG system, the Visualix system measured the highest SNR and the lowest exposure settings were on the Sidexis system. Test methods and phantoms developed are suitable for acceptance testing and commissioning digital dental X-ray systems and for programming each system to produce an optimum level of image quality.     

射线数字成像检测仪的光电系统设计

设计了射线数字成像检测仪的光电系统,包括转换屏、光路、CCD相机以及计算机处理电 路等。采用CsI(Tl)单晶闪烁体将X射线图像转换为可见光图像,用科学级CCD将光图像转换为电信号,利用计算机并行口对图像进行采集. 实验结果证明图像质量优于像增强器组成的成像系统,适用于要求高质量成像检测的场合。     

基于CCD客观式屈光度仪的研究

描述了人眼屈光度仪的测量原理,设计了一套屈光度测量、采集处理、显示、打印系统,该系统是以一束红外脉冲光射入视网膜,由CCD接受视网膜反射的图像,将CCD图像进行数字化处理存入SRAM、CPU计算出人眼的屈光度值,并显示、打印出数据,该研究成果能准确测量人眼屈光度值。     

高分辨率液晶电子成像系统

CCD数码成像系统,可以快速完成摄制图像,但分辨率低,常规卤化银成像系统,分辨率高,但完成图像制作过程长,又与计算机不能直接匹配,本文介绍的高分辨率液晶电子成像系统,利用CCD数码相机摄取影像,再利用电子成像技术经电子控制器及影像授受器中的新型结构分辨率很高的液晶物质获得取到高质量的图像,其分辨率与CCD系统的比较值为5000万像素（CCD系统按600万计）,在此特定条件下,卤化角的分辨率为1800万像素。     

Accurate pixel-to-pixel correspondence adjustment in a digital micromirror device camera by using the phase-shifting moiré method

A camera based on the digital micromirror device (DMD) technology has been previously developed. In this optical system, the correspondence of each mirror of the DMD to each pixel of the CCD cannot readily be done since the pixel sizes of the DMD and the CCD are very small. An accurate pixel-to-pixel correspondence adjustment in the DMD camera by means of the phase-shifting moiré method is proposed. To perform high accurate adjustment of the optical system, the phase distribution of a moiré fringe pattern is analyzed when the CCD pixels and the DMD mirrors have a mismatch and/or misalignment with each other. This technique does not need a complicated setting or complex image processing to generate the moiré fringe pattern, and it needs only one captured image. In the adjustment experiment, the proposed method provided very accurate adjustment whose error was less than 1/25 pixel. An experiment of phase analysis to demonstrate the usefulness was performed.     

利用CCD测定X射线增感屏的调制传递函数

本文论证了利用ＣＣＤ测定Ｘ射线胶片和增感屏调制传递函数和可行性，并给出了一种适用于ＣＣＤ测试数据的处理方法，对于同一种Ｘ射线胶片增感屏，分别给出了测微光密度计和ＣＣＤ两种测量数据及其误差分析，并用对几种不同增感屏和胶片性能做了评价，从实际应用中指出复ＣＣＤ探头测量调制传递函数的优越性。     

CCD图象传感器在桥梁动态位移测量系统中的应用

CCD (charge coupled device)图象传感器是近年来发展起来的新型固体图象传感器件,具有光电转换、信号存储和信号传输等功能,在图象传感、信息处理和信息存储等方面得到广泛的应用。本文介绍了 CCD 图象传感器的结构、原理、特点和用途,并具体介绍 CCD 在桥梁动态位移测试系统研制中的应用。该系统采用TCD142D 作为传感器件,由桥跨位移测量子系统、桥础位移测量子系统和数据处理子系统组成。在系统测试软件的支持下,可以测量桥梁动态位移的时域曲线,强迫振动的频谱和桥梁的自振频率,冲击系数,横向两测点间倾角和阻尼值。该系统成功地解决了军用桥梁二维、动态、大位移和多参数的远距离非接触测试问题。     

机床主轴回转精度的CCD测量系统

利用数字图像处理技术，建立了一套主轴回转精度的CCD测量系统。该系统由CCD光电检测系统、微机和数据处理软件组成。软件系统基于Matlab开发，硬件部分由高速CCD摄影机等组成。对数据处理和误差评定进行了探讨。该系统用于车床主轴回转精度的实际测量，取得了良好效果。     

Digital ultrasonic image construction using electronic ordered dither techniques

The use of a digital microprocessor based system for the acquisition of ultrasonic C-scan information is investigated. The C-scan information is displayed on a binary display device using electronic ordered dither techniques to represent gray levels. The digital system with a binary display increases system flexibility and yields better reproducibility and constant image quality independent of the display medium. Images may be stored on magnetic tape or disk for later retrieval and image processing. The techniques which are described allow for image magnification and a reduction in scan time by replacing the mechanical linkage between the scanner and the display with digital signals. A detailed comparison is made between two dither signals, and the advantages of each are discussed. The combination of digital signal processing and imaging techniques produces results which utilize the capabilities of ultrasonic inspection to the point where the transducer becomes the limiting factor.     

Measurement of Density and Structural Short-Range Order of Levitated Liquid Metals

The determination of thermophysical properties and structure of undercooled metallic melts must be accomplished by contactless methods due to the high reactivity of the material. It has been shown that electromagnetic levitation provides high-purity conditions to allow deep undercooling. The density and thermal expansion of a levitated drop can be derived from volume measurements using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a digital image processing system. Combining levitation with extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy leads to the possibility of studying the local structure of the liquid in a wide temperature range including the deeply undercooled regime.     

An Auto-Focusing Method in a Microscopic Testbed for Optical Discs

An auto-focusing method in a digital image system is demonstrated that uses a standard deviation of pixel gray levels as a feedback signal. In this system, an optical microscope and a charge coupled device (CCD) camera are used to create clear pit images of optical discs. A dynamic focusing scheme is designed in the system-control software, which is able to eliminate environmental disturbances and other noises so that a fast and stable focus can be achieved. The method shows an excellent focusing accuracy. The performance and possible applications of this method are discussed. The test results for optical discs are given in this paper.     

CCD相机视频处理电路设计

为了提高CCD相机的成像质量,对CCD的噪声进行了分类和分析,设计了高信噪比的视频处理电路。讨论了针对复位噪声和1/f噪声进行处理的相关双采样电路的原理。以专用视频处理芯片VSP2270和FPGA为核心设计了视频处理电路。最后结合CCD驱动电路,进行了图像采集和信噪比测试实验。实验结果表明,视频处理电路在本身引入噪声较小的同时,有效地抑制了CCD复位噪声、1/f噪声等噪声。数据输出率为20MHz时,整机系统信噪比高达58.4dB。基本满足星图成像的应用要求。     

利用Matlab开发平台的炉膛火焰图像温度检测方法

介绍了目前炉膛火焰检测系统的技术特性及用于火焰检测的数字图像处理技术。通过对炉膛火焰温度的CCD数字图像检测方法可行性的分析，设计了用于监测炉膛温度面分布的试验系统；通过火焰图像象素RGB值与温度的对应关系，建立了火焰图像的温度场曲线，通过原理性试验初步验证了该技术的可行性。     

用自制的磁光克尔系统观测磁畴

采用自制的磁光克尔系统观测了石榴石铁氧体磁畴,利用先进的CCD成像数码技术和计算机图像处理技术使操作和雏护画面更加方便、直观和先进,通过灰度处理、边缘检测等先进的图像手段处理磁畴,实现了文字和图像同步显现,提高了扫描速度.     

红外焦平面失效元处理方法及软硬件实现

失效元对红外焦平面阵列器件成像质量的影响较大。本文在给出失效元定义的基础上,对失效元的产生机理进行了分析,并给出了具体的失效元检测方法。基于DSP实现了红外图像的硬件处理系统并编写了失效元处理的软件程序,实现了失效元的自动检测和校正。实验结果表明,所设计的软硬件符合实时性、可靠性的要求,取得了较好的处理效果。     

基于数字图像处理的布氏硬度压痕直径测量方法

在分析布氏硬度试验压痕图像的基础上,提出了基于数字图像处理的布氏硬度压痕直径测量方法.利用CCD相机获取压痕图像,通过图像分割、目标区域处理、压痕圆拟合等步骤完成图像处理,由此实现对压痕尺寸的自动精确测量.     

CIS信号检测与处理技术

ＣＩＳ（接触式图象传感器）是一种新型图象传感器。由于ＣＩＳ头比ＣＣＤ部件更紧凑,因此可使的产品体积更小。阐述了ＣＩＳ的特点,基本结构和信号处理技术,另外,还介绍了自选研制的ＣＩＳ信号处理系统及ＣＩＳ的信号实侧波形。     

数字图象处理技术应用于温场分布在线测量

首先阐述在恶劣环境下的工业生产中采用成象光谱法来监测温场分布的理由 ,然后结合面阵 CCD成象技术和数字图象处理方法 ,选用恰当的波长搭配 ,进行合理的设计 ,研制出新的成象光谱数字图象温场监测装置。利用黑体的标定证实理论和设计的正确性 ,并在现场测试中取得满意的结果。