矿热炉炉料逾渗结构的冷态模拟研究

简要论述逾渗理论在矿热炉无渣法碳热还原冶金工艺中的应用。采用冷态模拟实验研究炉料的“物理配碳”问题,得到导电钢球粒度和占有比例对模拟炉料比电导的影响规律,建议采用σ／σ0＝A（Φ-Φc)^p的参数方程描述混合炉料的比电导。     

矿热炉炉料导电行为的冷态实验研究

采用“电导池”法测量了模拟矿热炉混合炉料的电阻。根据逾渗结构理论，混合炉料的导电行为可近似用σ／σ0=σ(Φ0-Φ)^b经验式表示。在本实验条件范围内，逾渗临界值Φ0(矿石占混合炉料总体积的体积分数)约为0.68～0.70，非导电相(矿石)超过此值，混合炉料不导通。矿石与焦炭的粒径变化引起的置换原理和填充原理是混合炉料的导电行为发生不同变化规律的主要原因。     

用Monte Carlo法模拟矿热炉炉料的导电行为

介绍了Monte Carh，法模拟矿热炉炉料导电行为的初步研究。模拟结果表明，模拟炉料中，矿石粒径一定，随焦炭粒径增大，形成逾渗结构的临界值Φc（导电相体积分数）增大；在临界点以上，炉料导电性与导电相——焦炭含量的关系近似于对数关系。纯焦炭颗粒直径对其电阻影响的模拟结果与冷态实验结果不符，说明该数学模型在模拟炉料电阻变化方面尚需要改进。     

矿热炉电极作功不平衡的原因分析与实践

根据一座6．3MVA矿热炉短网布线中电抗及电阻偏大，使短网铜排压降差异，造成三相电极作功不平衡，并提出改进措施，对改进前后分析比较，推导计算得出结论，减少电炉短网配置造成的电能损失，必须克制二次导体阻抗的差异而引起的功率不平衡，给冶炼过程造成的不良的影响。特别对降低单位电耗有着重要的意义。     

大型密闭矿热炉使用进口锰矿的原料处理要求

为保证铁合金生产顺畅运行,文章介绍了大型全封闭矿热炉安全生产的原料要求,分析了高碳锰铁生产过程中安全事故的主要因素。对于进口高价锰矿,生产中采取热处理矿入炉的原料处理工艺,使混合入炉锰矿满足Mn/可分O_2≥5.65,即可分O_2含量≥12%,进而使冶炼过程中矿热炉炉内产生的CO爆炸极限段上移,减缓、解除爆炸威胁,确保了矿热炉炼的生产指标。     

矿热炉传统设计理论研究(1)——安德烈公式

为进一步研究矿热炉设计理论,通过对原始文献的系统分析,对安德烈公式的准确表述、安德烈公式测算方法以及物理意义进行了系统研究。研究表明,安德烈公式建立的假设前提包括:炉内电能全部在电极端部往下的熔炼区释放;将矿热炉炉内阻抗看成纯电阻,并假定炉内电阻等于电极端部到炉底之间的电阻。另外,测算操作电阻时选择的冶炼状态还存在分歧。     

矿热炉传统设计理论研究(3)——Gladkih法

介绍了近几年俄罗斯科研人员提供的一种铁合金矿热炉设计新方法,简称Gladkih法。该方法在威斯特里相电压计算公式的基础上,针对有渣法和无渣法两种不同冶炼模式建立了不同的相电压公式。同时,该方法还继承了安德烈公式用于计算电极直径。文章还对Gladkih法所提供的设计系数与威斯特里、斯特隆斯基、安德烈等人总结的系数进行了对比分析,发现尽管公式形式相同,但是设计公式中的系数差别较大,在应用时还需要谨慎分析使用。     

矿热炉炉料导电性与透气性关系的实验研究

采用“电导池”法测量铁合金混合炉料的电阻，利用Ergun公式计算炉料的空隙率，用于评价炉料的透气性。实验表明，混合炉料中焦炭体积大于矿石体积（如硅铁冶炼，V焦／V矿〉1）时，固定矿石粒度调整焦炭的情况下。炉料电阻随炉料平均粒度的增加而减小，而透气性随炉料平均粒度增加而增加；固定焦炭粒度调整矿石的情况下，炉料电阻随炉料平均粒度增加而增加，而透气性随炉料平均粒度增加而减小。当混合炉料中焦炭体积小于矿石体积（如锰硅合金冶炼，V焦／V矿〈1）时，固定焦炭粒度改变矿石粒度调整炉料粒度，炉料的电阻随炉料平均粒度增加而减小，而炉料透气性随炉料平均粒度增加呈非线性变化规律。     

矿热炉的节电途径

通过寻找最大有效功率来确定矿热炉超负荷的界限,使矿热炉运行在最大有效功率的近前区.用经验算法确定矿热炉尺寸,并同现有矿热炉对比查找问题,使配、用电协调一致,找到最佳用电.利用电力特性曲线,确定最大有效功率的出现点和最佳操作电阻,确认发挥电力最大潜力的用电位置,达到节电的目的.     

硅铁矿热炉内交流电弧稳定性理论分析

依据交流电弧稳定燃烧的特点和外电路条件,结合硅铁炉炉内电路的实际情况,对硅铁炉炉内交流电弧稳定性进行了分析。研究表明,相比敞开弧,硅铁炉炉内电弧燃烧更加稳定。另外,用于炼钢电弧炉的交流电弧稳定性条件cosφ0.84不能直接用于硅铁矿热炉炉内电弧稳定性分析,需要依据电路理论建立电弧稳定性外电路条件。     

45000kVA矿热炉撬动摆动式全自动加料技术的研究与应用

介绍了一种撬动摆动式全自动加料技术,该技术应用于矿热炉生产硅铁合金过程中,能有效解决传统加料方式加料慢、加料不均匀、料批分层、料面砸死不透气等缺点,大大提高了矿热炉冶炼的效率,使矿热炉生产指标更加优良。     

中小型矿热电炉炉盖选型及修复实践

矿热电炉炉盖完成的正常冶炼炉数是衡量矿热电炉生产水平的一项综合性指标。电炉炉盖在1个使用周期内,往往会出现局部浇筑料的脱落、开裂等问题,采用局部修补的方式对炉盖进行修复,对延长炉盖的使用寿命、降低企业维修成本显得尤为重要。经过几年的生产摸索,总结出采用自配浇筑料修复炉盖的局部破损部位,取得了较好的效果。     

Electrical Conductivity of the Screening Residuals of Coke Production in context of Ferrochromium Production in a Submerged Arc Furnace

Coke is used as a reducing agent in the production of ferrochromium in a submerged arc furnace (SAF). Its good electrical conductivity compared to other input materials makes it a dominant current conductivity substance in the burden. The resistance of the coke has to be high enough to ensure the proper functionality of the furnace. Used cokes for submerged arc furnace production are relatively small in size compared to e.g blast furnace (BF) cokes. A common practice is to use screening residual coke, which is too small for the BF, in SAF. The goal of this study was to show differences in the electrical properties of screening residual cokes compared to coke formed in different parts of the coke battery, in dependence of particle size. The resistances of different cokes were measured and XRD measurements were performed to define the crystallographic structure of the selected cokes. The results indicate that small coke particles have higher overall resistance, which is due to their internal properties. This small weakly carbonized coke is formed in the middle of the coking battery and is subject to changes in varying coking practices. Continuous quality control of screening residual coke is needed to use it in the SAF.     

40t钢包炉泡沫渣埋弧作业

在实验室条件下研究了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３渣系的发泡性能与熔渣物性的关系，并在４０ｔ钢包炉上进行了埋弧作业的生产试验，据此对泡沫渣埋弧加热的工艺因素和溶渣发泡机理进行了探讨。     

Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Modeling of AC Arc in Ferrosilicon Submerged Arc Furnace

 arc has been developed and used to predict heat transfer from the arc to the molten bath in ferrosilicon AC submerged-arc furnace. In this model the time-dependent conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy in the specified domain of plasma zone have been solved numerically coupled with the Maxwell and Laplace equations for magnetic filed and electric potential respectively. A control volume based finite difference method was used to solve the governing equations in cylindrical coordinates. The reliability of the developed model was tested by comparison with the data available in the literature. The present model showed a better consistency with the data given in the literature because of solving the Maxwell and Laplace equations simultaneously for calculation of current density. Parametric studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of electrical current and arc length on flow field and temperature distribution within the arc. According to computed results, a lower power input lead to the higher arc efficiency.     

电弧炉用钢铁炉料的发展动态

随着电炉钢生产的增长及优质废钢供应短缺和价格增长，电炉钢生产者必须使用大量劣质废钢，同时要使钢中残余有害元素符合要求，从而发展了用直接还原铁混合，稀释循环旧废钢生产优质钢材的工艺，并促使世界直接还原铁生产迅速增长。     

Comparative Study of AC and DC Solvers Based on Current and Power Distributions in a Submerged Arc Furnace

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - This work discusses 3D models of current distribution in a three-phase submerged arc furnace that contains several components, such as electrodes,...     

Process Modeling and Optimization of a Submerged Arc Furnace for Phosphorus Production

This article presents a process model of a phosphorus-producing, submerged arc furnace. The model successfully incorporates accurate, multifield thermodynamic, kinetic, and industrial data with computational flow dynamic calculations and thus further unifies the sciences of kinetics and equilibrium thermodynamics. The model is structurally three-dimensional and uses boundary conditions, initial values, and material specifications provided by industrial measurements, laboratory experiments, and a combination of empirical and thermodynamic data. It accounts for fully developed gas flows of gaseous product generated from within the packed bed; the energy associated with chemical reactions, heating, and melting, as well as thermal conductivity and the particle–particle radiation within the burden. The model proves the existence of a narrow, gas–solid reduction zone where the bulk of phosphorus is produced. It shows that fast reaction rates in this narrow reaction zone in combination with long residence times diminish the influence changing reaction rates have on the process. It indicates that most heat exchanged between the new pellets entering the furnace and the gaseous product produced in the reduction zone takes place in the top 0.5 m of the furnace bed. The gaseous product and flow information shows low and recirculating gaseous flow velocity areas that cause dust accumulation.     

大型矿热炉供配电系统设计浅析

通过对大型冶金炉变压器的供配电系统方案介绍,结合在某大型镍铁冶炼厂的设计实践,对直供式单相变压器的设计及应用提出总结和建议。     

密闭式矿热电炉生产锌粉工艺及应用

介绍了矿热电炉生产锌粉的工艺特点,主要工艺设备特点及设备技术特征,以及实际生产的应用效果。