低温液相法制备锐钛矿型TiO2纳米薄膜及其性能表征

采用低温液相法制备锐钛矿型TiO2纳米溶胶,用浸渍提拉法在玻片表面制备TiO2纳米薄膜.XRD表征结果显示60℃热处理后TiO2纳米粒子为锐钛矿晶型,SEM、TEM图谱显示其平均粒径10～20 nm,且具有良好的成膜性.制备的TiO2纳米薄膜具有光催化氧化脱色活性高、亲水性好、附着力强、耐蚀性好等特点.     

TiO2薄膜和多孔薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备与表征

本文以钛酸丁酯[Ti（OC4H9）4]、去离子水、盐酸和聚乙二醇（PEG）1000为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法和旋转涂膜工艺,在玻璃基底上制备纳米TiO2薄膜和TiO2多孔薄膜.利用原子力显微镜（AFM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和紫外-可见光谱仪（UV-Vis）对薄膜进行分析表征.结果表明,实验制备的TiO2粉体为锐钛矿晶型,纳米TiO2薄膜的平均粗糙度为17.2nm,TiO2多孔薄膜平均粗糙度为1.55 nm.TiO2多孔薄膜有较高的透射性和光催化活性,可直接用于光催化降解有机物等领域.     

纳米复合结构二氧化钛薄膜的制备及其光降解水中若丹明B的能力

用双氧水低温氧化金属钛片的方法制备了TiO2纳米棒阵列,并以该阵列为基体,用浸渍渗透溶胶-凝胶技术制备了TiO2纳米颗粒嵌入TiO2纳米棒阵列基体的复合结构薄膜.用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜及光致发光光谱研究制得薄膜的结构和发光性能.结果表明:纳米棒阵列为金红石与锐钛矿的混晶结构,而溶胶-凝胶获得的TiO2为纯锐钛矿结构.在复合构造薄膜中TiO2纳米颗粒嵌入到纳米棒阵列间隙中,其光生电子-空穴对的空间分离效果得到明显改善.用制得的薄膜进行光催化降解水中若丹明B的实验结果显示:复合结构薄膜的光催化效率高于相应的纳米棒阵列,其表观反应常数是相同质量的溶胶-凝胶法制备薄膜的3倍,这是因为第二相TiO2纳米颗粒嵌入TiO2纳米棒阵列中促进了光生电子-空穴对的空间分离,从而提高了复合结构薄膜的光催化活性.     

表面改性对掺杂TiO_2纳米薄膜亲水性的影响

文章采用溶胶-凝胶法制备La3+掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜,实验探讨了硝酸溶液表面改性对掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜亲水性的影响。采用X射线衍射分析不同掺杂浓度纳米TiO2的物相,分别利用扫描电镜与接触角测量仪观察TiO2薄膜表面形貌及其亲水性能。实验表明:经0.1mol/L的硝酸溶液中改性后的La3+掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜具有超亲水性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2光催化剂的应用研究进展

溶胶-凝胶法是制备纳米TiO2最常用的方法。综述了溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2粉体或薄膜、掺杂纳米TiO2、纳米TiO2复合材料的应用研究现状,指出了纳米TiO2光催化剂在光催化机理、可见光化和复合材料等方面的发展趋势。     

微流控芯片中TiO2薄膜的低温制备

在玻璃微流控芯片中,在低温条件下以溶胶凝胶法及水热处理法制备TiO2薄膜.考察了溶胶处理方式、水热流速、水热时间等因素对纳米TiO2薄膜的稳定性影响,考察了涂层次数、元素掺杂等因素对微流控芯片的光催化性能的影响.实验结果表明:100 μL/h流速下水热3 h获得的5层纳米TiO2薄膜芯片光催化降解亚甲基蓝,降解率可达到42.9％,且具有较高的稳定性.掺杂Si可以明显提高TiO2薄膜的光催化性能,亚甲基蓝降解率可达97.1％.     

Ag掺杂TiO2纳米薄膜光催化活性研究进展

TiO2在光催化和光电转化领域拥有十分广阔的应用前景,近几年来备受研究人员广泛关注.本文综述了TiO2光催化反应机理以及掺银TiO2纳米薄膜的制备方法,其中包括溶胶凝胶法、微乳液法、电弧溅射法、阳极氧化法以及表面化学反应等.主要讨论了Ag单掺杂和Ag与其他元素共掺杂的TiO2纳米薄膜光催化活性的研究进展,并对二者进行比较,展望了其发展方向.共掺杂TiO2纳米薄膜因比单掺杂薄膜具有更优异的光催化性能,是未来的主要研究方向之一.     

电泳沉积法制备多层膜染料敏化太阳能电池

将纳米TiO2颗粒以电泳沉积法披覆于导电玻璃上,同时整合光电极、反电极、电解质及染料制备出染料敏化太阳能电池.首先将TiO2纳米颗粒与异丙醇所混合的电泳悬浮液通过电泳技术沉积出适当厚度的多层膜结构;精确控制制程中的电流、电压与沉积时间而获得单层厚度为3.3μm的TiO2薄膜.此多层膜通过低温烧结增加其致密性及染料披覆效果.最后将此多层薄膜作为工作电极,封装成染料敏化太阳能电池,经由I-V曲线检测结果显示,所制染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率为5.29%,且这种染料敏化太阳能电池的制造成本十分低廉.     

含银纳米晶TiO2有序多孔膜层的制备及其光学性能

以单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为原料,水为稀释溶剂,利用垂直沉降法制备出多层PS球有序阵列模板.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,并用胶晶模板法制备出锐钛矿型TiO2有序多孔薄膜.然后将金属银纳米晶掺入多孔膜骨架中制备出含银纳米晶的TiO2有序多孔发光薄膜.分析了掺银的TiO2有序多孔膜的形貌与结构,并研究了掺银的TiO2有序多孔膜吸附罗丹明B及量子点CdSe荧光物质的荧光增强性能.结果表明:掺银的TiO2薄膜基本呈现多孔结构并保留有一定的有序性.有序多孔骨架中银纳米晶的表面荧光增强作用可大幅度提升荧光物质的荧光性能,从而扩展了TiO2有序多孔薄膜在生物信息探测、光信息处理领域的应用.     

柔性TiO2纳米管薄膜电极的制备及其光电性能

采用水热合成法制备出TiO2纳米管,通过XRD、TEM和氮气等温吸附-脱附仪等测试手段对TiO2纳米管进行了表征.用烧结的TiO2纳米管和P25粉末混合制成薄膜电极,并研究了薄膜电极的表面形貌、染料吸附量和光电性能.研究表明,加入TiO2纳米管可以制备出机械稳定的薄膜;掺杂TiO2纳米管的含量越多,薄膜电极的染料吸附量越大;掺杂5%烧结纳米管粉末的薄膜电极的光电性能最好,其短路电流可达3.25mA,光电转换效率达到1.67%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。