改进YOLOV3实时交通标志检测算法

交通标志检测是智能驾驶任务中的重要一环.为了满足检测精度和实时检测的要求,基于YOLOV3提出一种改进的实时交通标志检测算法.采用跨阶段局部网络作为特征提取模块,优化梯度信息,减少推理计算量;同时以路径聚合网络替代特征金字塔网络,在解决多尺度特征融合的同时,保留了更加准确的目标空间信息,提高目标检测精度;并且引入完备交...     

改进YOLOv5的小目标交通标志实时检测算法

在真实场景下准确实时检测小目标交通标志对自动驾驶有重要意义,针对YOLOv5算法检测小目标交通标志精度低的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5的小目标交通标志实时检测算法。借鉴跨阶段局部网络思想,在YOLOv5的空间金字塔池化上设置新的梯度路径,强化特征提取能力;在颈部特征融合中增设深、浅卷积特征的可学习自适应权重,更好地融合深层语义和浅层细节特征,提高小目标交通标志的检测精度。为验证所提算法的优越性,在TT100K交通标志数据集上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明所提算法在小目标交通标志上的平均精度均值（mean average precision,mAP）为77.3%,比原始YOLOv5提升了5.4个百分点,同时也优于SSD、RetinaNet、YOLOX、SwinTransformer等算法的检测结果。所提算法的运行速度为46.2 frame/s,满足检测实时性的要求。     

面向复杂城市交通场景的一种实时车道线检测方法

车道线检测是智能交通监控及自动驾驶的基础步骤,为提高其鲁棒性和实时性,针对复杂城市交通场景中自动驾驶需要检测车道线的需求,提出了一种实时车道线检测算法,首先运用改进灰度化变换突显车道线的特征,并通过改进的Gabor滤波算法增强车道线的边缘信息;最后采用多约束霍夫变换筛选得到平行车道线从而实现实时车道线检测。实验表明,该方法在三种不同真实的交通道路场景下,提高了车道线检测精度及处理速度,可应用于实时车道线检测系统。     

基于增强特征金字塔网络的场景文本检测算法

场景文本检测有助于机器理解图像内容,在智能交通、场景理解和智能导航等领域应用广泛.现有的场景文本检测算法未充分利用高层语义信息和空间信息,限制了模型对复杂背景像素的分类能力和对不同尺度的文本实例的检测和定位能力.为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于增强特征金字塔网络的场景文本检测算法.该算法包括比率不变特征增强(Ratio ...     

基于图交互与场景感知融合的轨迹预测方法

在自动驾驶中,精确的环境感知和对周围交通参与者的轨迹预测对道路安全至关重要。基于此,提出了基于鸟瞰图(Bird Eye View, BEV)的实时端到端轨迹预测框架来同时学习交互和场景信息。该框架主要由图交互网络和金字塔感知网络两个模块组成,前者通过时空图卷积网络对交通参与者之间的交互模式进行编码,后者采用时空金字塔网络对周围信息进行场景建模以获取场景特征。然后,对交互特征和场景特征进行单一尺度融合,从而进行分类和轨迹预测任务。在大规模开源数据集NuScenes上的实验和分析表明,与当前先进算法(MotionNet)相比,所提框架平均类别准确度提高了3.1%,轨迹预测平均误差在行驶速度>5m/s时降低了1.43%。此实验结果表明,所提模型具有更好的泛化性和鲁棒性,更符合实际自动驾驶环境中的轨迹预测需求。     

基于改进SSD的多尺度低空无人机检测

鉴于低空场景下无人机尺度多变、背景复杂的特点,提出一种基于深度学习的多尺度低空无人机目标检测算法.针对高层卷积特征对小无人机目标特征表达能力差的问题,引入VGG16低层特征图Conv3_3,构建特征金字塔网络,利用有效感受野技术,重新设计各特征图中先验框的尺寸和长宽比例,建立多尺度、多背景且包含干扰目标的低空无人机图像数据集,完成算法的训练和优化.实验结果表明,该算法相比原始SSD网络,平均精度(average precision,AP)提高了7.32％,有较好的抗干扰效果和实时检测能力.     

基于距离约束的改进FCOS遥感图像检测方法

基于深度学习的遥感图像目标检测方法通常难以排除复杂场景下的背景干扰，从而导致检测精度低。为解决该问题，设计了一种基于尺度分层的特征金字塔结构，并提出了一种基于距离约束的中心回归（distance-constraints centerness,DCCN），从而形成了基于距离约束的改进FCOS遥感图像检测方法。基于尺度分层的特征金字塔结构包括高层语义信息激活模块和低层有效特征感知模块，其中高层语义信息模块重构了特征融合阶段对高层特征图的处理方式，提升了特征金字塔顶部区域的语义感知能力，低层有效特征感知模块通过引入通道注意力机制，增强了通道间的信息交互能力。DCCN能够利用预测样本框与真实样本框之间的距离因素作为回归评估条件，提升了预测框的回归效果。在NWPU VHR-10数据集的实验中，该方法的精度达到92.6%，相比于原FCOS方法提升了4.9个百分点，有效改善了遥感图像检测的精度。     

基于优化YOLO-V4的交通标志检测识别方法

交通标志检测识别是自动驾驶系统的核心功能,为了实时准确地识别交通标志,在YOLO-V4的基础上进行改进,并结合了空间金字塔池化(Spatial Pyramid Pooling, SPP)模块。首先,为了提高分辨率和增大感受野,将原特征图3个尺度的分辨率更改为26×26和52×52;然后,在连接层中添加SPP模块,消除网络对固定尺度的约束,在最大池化层中得到最优特征,改善网络性能。实验中,利用行车记录仪采集各种交通标志图像,与其他优秀方法相比,所提方法取得了更优的性能,其平均检测识别准确度达99.0%,平均检测时间为0.449 s,达到了实时检测的要求。     

基于卷积神经网络的交通标志检测

针对自动驾驶场景下,提高交通标志检测速度和准确率的问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)的交通标志检测算法,与传统的图像检测算法相比拥有明显的优势。首先解析影响交通标志检测准确性的因素,并对算法提出了两项改进:使用101层的残差网络作为特征提取的基础网络以获得高精度的特征提取和物体检测,同时优化网络的区域候选框特征提取方式以提高交通标志图像的检测效果。在GTSDB德国交通标志检测基准数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法实现在复杂背景下交通标志的精准检测。     

改进YOLOv5s的交通标志识别算法

为了准确且实时地检测到交通标志指示牌,减少交通事故的发生和推动智慧交通的发展,针对现有的道路交通标志检测模型存在的精度不足、权重文件大、检测速度慢的问题,设计了一种基于计算机视觉技术的改进YOLOv5s检测算法YOLOv5s-GC.首先,使用copy-paste进行数据增强后再送入网络进行训练,加强对小目标的检测能力;然后,引入Ghost来构建网络,削减原网络的参数和计算量,实现轻量化模型;最后,将坐标注意力机制(coordinate attention)融合到骨干网络里,增强对待测目标的表示和定位能力,提高识别精度.实验结果表明,YOLOv5s-GC模型相比于原YOLOv5s模型,参数数目减少了12%,检测速度提高了22%,平均精度达到了94.2%,易于部署且能满足实际自动驾驶场景中对识别交通标志的速度和准确度要求.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.