A Fusion IP/DVB Networking Environment for Providing Always-On Connectivity and Triple-Play Services to Urban and Rural Areas

This article introduces and validates a concept for the realization of a fusion IP/DVB networking environment that supports the provision of urban and rural always-on connectivity and triple-play services. Specifically, the proposed fusion environment realizes a unified infrastructure that changes traditional, passive urban users into active, information society participants capable of creating, manipulating, and distributing their own content/services over a commonly exploited infrastructure. Further, the environment enables triple-play services and always-on connectivity in rural areas, that is, in regions where there is no termination of the core backbone to the local PSTN/ISDN exchanger. Finally, the article describes important directions for future research to follow to exploit the proposed IP/DVB unified platform for the synergy of emerging broadcasting, telecommunications, wireless, and wired technologies, to alleviate the digital divide that currently exists not only among countries but also within most countries     

A QoS Monitoring System in a Heterogeneous Multi-Domain DVB-H Platform

The MobileTV, IPTV, and DVB standards (DVB-H/T) have been defined to offer mobile users interactive multimedia services with quality of service (QoS) consistency analogous to TV services. However, the market has yet to provide effective and economical solutions for the real-time delivery of such services to the corresponding transmitters over multi-domain IP networks. The monitoring system proposed in this paper enables the QoS in the IP networks involved in the delivery of real-time multimedia content to the transmitters to be ascertained. The system utilizes the QoS parameters defined in MPEG-2 Transport Streams to detect problems occurring in the heterogeneous multi-domain IP networks. The ability to detect problems having an adverse effect on QoS allows appropriate control actions to be determined to recover the QoS across the composite IP network. The design and implementation of the proposed QoS-Monitoring system (QoS-MS) is presented, followed by analysis of experimental results that demonstrate the feasibility of the system.      

Admission control in Flow-Aware Networking (FAN) architectures under GridFTP traffic

Computing and networking resources virtualization is the main objective of Grid services. Such a concept is already used in the context of Web-services on the Internet. In the next few years, a large number of applications belonging to various domains (biotechnology, banking, finance, car and aircraft manufacturing, nuclear energy etc.) will also benefit from Grid services. Admission control is a key functionality for Quality of Service (QoS) provision in IP networks, and more specifically for Grid services provision. Service differentiation (DS) is a widely deployed technique on the Internet. It operates at the packet level on a best-effort mode. Flow-Aware Networking (FAN) that operates at the scale of the IP flows relies on implicit flow differentiation through priority fair queuing (PFQ). It may be seen as an alternative to DS. A Grid session may be seen as a succession of parallel TCP/IP flows characterized by data transfers with much larger volume than usual TCP/IP flows. In this paper, we propose an extension of FAN for the Grid environment called Grid over FAN (GoFAN). We compare, by means of computer simulations, the efficiency of Grid over DS (GoDS) and GoFAN. Two variants of GoFAN architectures based on different fair queuing algorithms are considered. As a first step, we provide two short surveys on QoS for Grid environment and on QoS in IP networks respectively.     

End to end QoS provisioning multimedia wireless/mobile networksusing an adaptive framework

This article presents a framework for multimedia networking in a wireless and mobile environment. We consider both multimedia application needs as well as networking requirements, and try to bridge these paradigms using an adaptive framework. Central to this framework is the concept of representing a multimedia connection in terms of multiple substreams each with their own specified QoS requirement and making network elements (switching and access points), services, and protocols (signaling, control, routing) aware of the QoS requirements of such substreams. As resource availability in the wireless and mobile network fluctuates, the network selects and schedules substreams in order to present the information content with an acceptable quality at a receiver (or each receiver in case of multicast connections). This is done while achieving a reasonable utilization efficiency of network resources and sharing them in a fair manner     

QoS and service interworking using constraint route labeldistribution protocol (CR-LDP)

Introducing quality of service features to the IP/TCP protocol suite has become a hot topic of research in both industry and academia. Several architectures have been proposed for QoS support at the network layer (layer 3 in the OSI model). Both integrated services and differentiated services architectures are examples of QoS models that are implementable at the IP layer. Another development at the IETF is the work related to traffic engineering using multiprotocol label switching. While traffic engineering covers a wide range of topics, QoS support is recognized as one of its necessary features. This article describes the QoS features of the constraint-route label distribution protocol and how they can be efficiently utilized to achieve service interworking between a number of different networking technologies     

QoS in WiMAX hybrid schedulers for heterogeneous traffic and their performance comparison

ABSTRACT

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), based on IEEE 802.16, provides first-mile wireless access for broadband users and is capable of satisfying the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of voice, video and data traffic (triple-play services). This paper proposes two WiMAX hybrid schedulers, developed by integration of homogeneous schedulers, for providing QoS to triple-play services. The Markovian model is solved analytically to derive various performance metrics, which are then compared with an existing scheduler. The splitting of FTP traffic, before scheduling, provides improved throughput as compared to the proposed first hybrid scheduler, making this an exclusive component of the proposed second hybrid scheduler. The results show that the second proposed model provides an improvement of mandatory QoS parameters; reduction in voice traffic mean queuing delay by 68.18%, and improvement in FTP traffic throughput by 67.27% as compared to the first designed model. The first considered scheduler gives high inter-class fairness; however, it does not provide satisfactory QoS performance. The proposed hybrid schedulers are better in overall performance than other schedulers proposed recently, as they not only satisfy the QoS demands of different types of services but also improve the fairness among services.     

基于移动IP的组网方案探讨

下一代无线通信标准将能提供无缝、高QoS、高速率的基于IP的无线业务。IEEE802．16宽带无线接入技术WiMax的出现使得无线网络向4G过渡成为可能。WiMax技术将作为宽带无线接入应用。对比了WiMax和Wi-Fi的技术，提出一个融合Wi-Fi和WiMax的组网解决方案。     

移动WiMAX网络端到端QoS解决方案的研究

本文根据移动WiMAX的组网特点和业务流分类,深入分析了无线承载和IP传输承载的QoS机制,给出了一种无线承载和IP传输承载的QoS对应的映射方案,从而解决移动WiMAX系统中端到端的QoS问题.     

基于电信网络的家庭网关

随着三重播放甚至多重播放业务的出现，家庭网络中部署家庭网关显得越来越重要，因此有必要对基于电信网络的家庭网关全面认识和准确定位。家庭网关是实现家庭网络内部各设备与外部网络相互通信的设备，应该提供服务质量（QoS）、安全和管理的技术手段。通过家庭网关，家庭网络应可提供家庭通售、信息娱乐、家庭办公、智能家居服务等业务。家庭网关技术尚不成熟，需要通过产业链上位于不同环节的厂商共同推动。     

End-to-end QoS specification issues in the converged all-IP wired and wireless environment

The emerging next-generation networking environment presents an IP-based core interconnecting many wireless radio access networks, providing ubiquitous access to end users through a vast variety of wireless devices. Although the IP protocol is the common denominator, the new environment brings together many different interconnecting domains, each following different QoS models, complicating the overall end-to-end QoS process. This article discusses the need to standardize an end-to-end QoS protocol. It does not, however, focus on the signaling mechanism, since there is currently a relevant ongoing activity in IETF. Instead, it concentrates on the formulation of the QoS information describing the QoS requirements of the session to be established. It presents the generic service specification framework that not only enables the QoS requirements of a specific session to be captured (like a generic QoS template), but also the QoS classes of each IP domain can be described according to it. Through the systematic specification of a domain's QoS classes, an intelligent automatic mapping algorithm can be applied during an end-to-end QoS request, in order to select the most appropriate service class in each domain, as well as to extract the required traffic-related parameters to perform traffic control operations, such as admission control, policing, and scheduling.     

迎接IP宽带网络发展的新阶段

IP宽带网络的发展经历了三个重大阶段。我们目前面临着的是一个IP宽带网络大变革大发展的阶段,是一个电信业务转型以用户体验为核心的阶段。在这一阶段新的接入技术,FTTX、WiMAX,WiFi Mesh、3G和3GLTE等,带来了接入网革命性的改变。充足的带宽促使电信运营商尝试着重新夺回IP宽带网络带宽的端到端管控权以打造新型的互联网价值链,以优质的高速IP宽带网络掌握三网合一的主导权,让自己从单纯的带宽服务转型为全业务的信息供应商和服务商。本文就新一代IP宽带网络相关的网络技术和网络架构进行了细致的讨论,希望能够帮助电信营运商找到适合自己的平滑演进到新一代IP宽带网络、适应所处市场需求的创新业务增长途径和网络转型的时机和方式。     

An all-IP software radio architecture under RTLinux

This paper presents an overview of software radio architectures for testing quality-of-service (QoS) aware IP data services over a typical third-generation radio interface. The testbed is implemented using a hard real-time micro-kernel known as RTLinux, running beneath the Linux operating system, for providing real-time end-to-end functionality. The testbed runs on a variety of Intel Pentium-based computing platforms including laptops and high-end servers. Layers 1 and 2 are compliant with the 3GPP specifications forTdd operation and layer 3 provides a direct interconnection with an IPv6 core network. The intent is to study the impact of an ip core network and QoS constraints on the physical and link layers as well as the co-design of physical layer configurations and IP layer networking.     

Application-Level QoS Negotiation and Signaling for Advanced Multimedia Services in the IMS

The IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) has been recognized as a reference next-generation network architecture for offering multimedia services over an Internet Protocol (IP)-based infrastructure. One of the key benefits of the IMS is efficient and flexible introduction of new services and access to third-party application providers, thanks to standard interfaces and standardized service capabilities. To support novel media-rich applications across a wide range of user devices and access networks, IMS must support negotiable quality of service (QoS) for IP multimedia sessions. In this article, we describe the application-level QoS signaling as specified by the 3GPP and propose some enhancements based on advanced QoS parameter matching and optimization functionality to be included along the signaling path. We outline various signaling flow scenarios and discuss them in the context of a case study involving an IMS-supported 3D virtual environment, featuring a treasure-hunt-like game.     

An Autonomic QoS-centric Architecture for Integrated Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

In this paper the problem of seamless mobility and proficient joint radio resource management over an all-IP internetworked wireless heterogeneous environment is addressed. Nodes’ autonomicity is envisioned as the enabler to devise a Quality of Service (QoS) aware architecture for supporting a variety of services, founded on a common utility based framework that provides enhanced flexibility in reflecting different access networks’ type of resources and diverse QoS prerequisites, under a unified QoS-aware resource allocation optimization problem. This allows a more in-depth intrinsic wireless network convergence, beyond All-IP, driven by QoS-oriented resource management. This vision is demonstrated and instantiated for integrated WLAN and cellular (both CDMA and OFDMA) networks, providing a viable path towards the evolution and realization of the future wireless networking paradigm. Initial numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and reveal the benefits of such a service oriented paradigm against other existing access oriented autonomic designs.     

Design of zero cross correlation variable weight codes for multimedia services based on magic square in SAC-OCDMA systems

A variable weight address code based on spectrum amplitude coding (SAC) is proposed for optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) networks to support different quality of service (QoS) requirements of different services. The zero cross-correlation magic square variable weight optical orthogonal code (ZMS-VWOOC) proposed in this paper has great flexibility in terms of code weight and number of users. Zero cross-correlation can eliminate the influence of multiple access interference (MAI) and reduce the system complexity. Numerical results show that ZMS-VWOOC can provide better quality of service than similar codes. Numerical results for a ZMS-VWOOC OCDMA network designed for triple-play services operating at 0.622 Gbit/s, 2 Gbit/s, 2.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s are considered.     

Dynamic satellite system QoS architecture integrated with IP Multimedia Subsystem core network

Convergence is one of the most important challenges for Next Generation Networks (NGN). This includes service convergence as well as fixed‐mobile convergence. The integration of satellite telecommunication system into NGN is a key to increasing the coverage of future networks and opening satellite access networks to a wider range of terrestrial solutions. Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) Return Channel via Satellite system (DVB‐RCS) and its evolution (DVB‐RCS2) are widely used European standards that are specified for broadband satellite systems using dynamic capacity assignment and multifrequency TDMA. This paper introduces a new QoS architecture derived from terrestrial IP Multimedia Subsystem solutions to provide advanced end‐to‐end QoS support, and defines cross‐layer optimization paths suited to the satellite context and in particular using DVB standards. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

QoS Guarantees in Heterogeneous Systems Consisting of IP Core Networks with Satellite Access

This paper aims at investigating the issue of differentiated QoS provision to services over a heterogeneous terrestrial-satellite infrastructure. In particular, the implementation of a dynamic mapping of the main service classes offered by IP IntServ and DiffServ models over satellite bearer services is investigated.Objective of the research is to enable mobile subscribers to access broadband services offered within a fixed IP core network, through satellite links. This has to be performed while still guaranteeing the same Quality of Service (QoS) offered by the IP IntServ and DiffServ models over the terrestrial segment. In such an environment, the considered traffics derive from multimedia applications and are characterised by real-time and non-real-time constraints as well as variable (VBR) and constant (CBR) bit-rate profiles.     

Providing quality of service in always best connected networks

The next generation of mobile systems is expected to support multiple radio access technologies, as well as diverse types of terminals, including mobile phones, personal digital assistants, and laptops, as well as personal area, moving, and sensor networks. Thus, future wireless systems will not only continue to break technological barriers in terms of new air interface capabilities, higher bit rates, mobility, security, and QoS management, but will present new end-to-end scenarios in which applications access services over multiple L2 hops and multiple IP networks. The term always best connected refers to the concept of defining a set of access selection criteria and mechanisms that allow users to get connected to various services in a nearly optimal manner. Providing QoS in this type of heterogeneous multihop environment is a challenging task because applications may be completely unaware of them scenario and the underlying layer 2 technologies that can be quite different at different hops. For instance, some wireless links may have scarce resources and highly optimized QoS mechanisms; others may not support explicit QoS handling at all. In this article we consider the use of IP-level QoS signaling as a key component to support the end-to-end QoS for various applications. We propose a small set of application programmer- and wirelesslink-friendly IP QoS parameters (wireless hints) and illustrate the use of these in a specific WLAN-to-cellular handover situation. We conclude that the proposed model, signaling protocol, and wireless information elements can efficiently support QoS in heterogeneous mobile environments.     

A differentiated optical services model for WDM networks

This article addresses the issues of scalable end-to-end QoS in metropolitan DWDM networks serving as transit networks for IP access networks. DWDM offering a few wavelengths has been deployed in the past in backbone networks to upgrade point-to-point transmission where sharing is based on coarse granularity. This type of DWDM backbone network, offering a few light-paths, provides no support for QoS services traversing the network. As DWDM networks with larger numbers of wavelengths penetrate the data-centric metro environment, specific IP service requirements such as priority restoration, scalability, dynamic provisioning of capacity and routes, and support for coarse-grain QoS capabilities will have to be addressed in the optical domain in order to achieve end-to-end QoS over a DWDM network. We propose a QoS service model in the optical domain called differentiated optical services (DoS) based on a set of optical parameters that captures the quality and reliability of the optical lightpath     

A new policy‐aware terminal for QoS,AAA and mobility management

Policy‐based management has been widely studied in recent years. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has recently introduced the policy‐based networking as a means of managing IP networks according to the new constraints defined in the network, such as the guarantee of the quality of service (QoS). Network management based on policies, is modelled as a state machine, which moves from one state to another according to the enforced policy. The IETF policy‐based networking is defined for application to network nodes. However, some recent work suggests extending the policy‐based networking to the end‐user terminals. In this paper, we present an analysis of such an extension and we propose some possible solutions to support new policy‐aware terminals. In addition, we present AAA, QoS and mobility management that user such a policy‐aware terminals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.