“胶乳共混法”制备天然橡胶／二氧化硅纳米复合材料及其性能

采用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH570）改性纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）,然后通过乳液聚合接枝上聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）,再将其与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）改性的天然胶乳,通过胶乳共混法制备天然橡胶／二氧化硅纳米复合材料,结果显示,纳米二氧化硅表面接枝上了PMMA,二氧化硅在橡胶基体中分散良好,粒径在60～100nm之间,得到的胶膜力学性能有很大的提高。     

MPS-SiO2/PS核壳型复合粒子的形态与玻璃化转变温度研究

以正硅酸乙酯为原料，调节pH值为碱性，通过溶胶-凝胶工艺制备单分散SiO2球，用偶联剂甲基丙烯酰（3-三甲氧基硅烷）丙酯（MPS）进行改性，得到MPS-SiO2球形粒子。以MPS—SiO2球为种子，苯乙烯为壳单体，乳液聚合法制备核壳结构的MPS-SiO2／PS复合粒子。透射电镜观察复合粒子形态的结果表明，MPS—SiO2球粒径为200nm左右时，得到覆盆子状核壳结构；MPS-SiO2球粒径为80nm左右时，得到包含多个MPS—SiO2球的多核壳结构。差示扫描量热法考察MPS-SiO2／PS复合粒子玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的结果表明，随着MPS—SiO2球含量增加，复合粒子的Tg增加；随着MPS-SiO2球粒径减小，复合粒子的Tg也有所增加。     

改性纳米SiO2粒子增韧PMMA

采用表面接枝的方法,在室温下用硅烷偶联剂改性纳米（nano）-SiO2,经引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合包覆,并以其为填充物与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）熔融共混,制得PMMMnano-SiO2复合材料。力学性能测试表明,随着改性nano-SiO2用量的增加,PMMA／nano-SiO2复合材料的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度均明显提高,当w（nano—SiO2）为3％时,PMMA／nano—SiO2复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高了94．7％和28．O％：     

纳米SiO_2表面接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯的研究

为了提高纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)粒子在阻燃型聚合物基纳米复合材料中的有效利用,需要对粒子的表面进行改性。此实验采用溶液聚合法,使甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体(MMA)在烷基化预处理的纳米SiO2粒子的表面进行接枝聚合,得到以纳米SiO2粒子为核、接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳的复合颗粒(SiO2-g-PMMA)。结果表明,PMMA以化学键成功地接到纳米SiO2的表面,并可通过改变接枝聚合的条件来调节粒子上所接聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的结构,改性后的纳米SiO2粒子具有良好的热稳定性及分散性。     

纳米SiO2粒子对PP结晶行为的影响

通过X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）对经偶联剂处理的纳米SiO2粒子（简称烷基化SiO2纳米粒子）和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）接枝包覆SiO2纳米粒子（简称SiO2-g-PMMA复合纳米粒子）的表面组成进行分析。将纳米SiO2粒子，烷基化SiO2纳米粒子，复合纳米粒子分别与基体PP复合制备复合材料，通过DSC，WAXD和TEM等测试方法详细研究了PP/SiO2复合材料的结晶行为与力学性能，结果发现：纳米SiO2粒子与烷基化SiO2纳米粒子并不改变基体PP的结晶形态，而复合纳米粒子诱发了基体PP的β晶型结晶，复合纳米粒子比较均匀地分散于PP基体中，对复合材料的力学性能有较大的改善。     

核壳结构纳米TiO2／PMMA／PU复合基耐洗刷涂料制备

为制备水性聚氨酯（WPU）耐洗刷涂料,用硅烷偶联剂改性纳米TiO2,并采用预聚体分散、种子原位乳液聚合法分别制备了TiO2／PU、TiO2／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）／PU复合乳液。探讨了n（-NCO）：n（-OH）（R值）、纳米TiO2加入方式与含量、MMA／PU质量比及填料与功能助剂类型对PU耐洗刷性能的影响。透射电镜形貌观察表明：TiO2／PMMA／PU复合乳液乳胶粒子具有以TiO2为核的核壳结构。结果表明乳液种类对涂膜耐洗刷性影响较大,当纳米TiO2含量为0．5％、PMMA／PU质量比1：4时,多层核壳结构复合乳液的耐洗刷性最好,达6350次;选择片状结构、质地较硬的填料、微纤及防水助剂能显著提高PU涂料耐洗刷性,优化配方可制备出耐洗刷性达10000次以上PU乳液涂料。     

纳米SiO_2表面接枝聚合改性及在PP中的分散

纳米SiO2粒子经硅烷偶联剂表面处理后,采用乳液聚合方法在纳米SiO2粒子表面接枝苯乙烯单体,实现了纳米SiO2表面的高分子包覆改性,制备了具有核壳结构的聚苯乙烯接枝SiO2复合纳米粒子.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电子显微镜对纳米SiO2粒子的表面结构及其在聚丙烯(PP)中的分散状况进行了表征.结果表明,接枝改性后纳米SiO2粒子能够在PP基体中均匀分散,明显改善了PP复合材料的力学性能.     

PMMA接枝纳米ZnO复合粒子改性PVC塑料性能研究

通过原位聚合将甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）接枝于纳米ZnO表面,制备了PMMA接枝纳米ZnO复合粒子,将其加入聚氯乙烯（PVC） 基体中进行改性。研究了纳米ZnO粒子在PVC基体中的分散性和PVC复合材料的力学性能,探讨了改性纳米ZnO粒子填充PVC材料的抗紫外线性能。结果表明,改性后的纳米ZnO粒子在PVC基体中分散均匀, 提高了纳米ZnO粒子与PVC基体之间的相容性,使改性PVC材料的拉伸强度达到78 MPa,比纯纳米ZnO粒子改性PVC提高了35 %;冲击强度提高了近1倍,达到13.6 kJ/m2;加入改性纳米ZnO粒子的PVC还具有明显的吸收紫外线功能。     

两步反相微乳液法原位制备纳米SiO2/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合微粒

采用两步反相微乳液法原位聚合制备纳米SiO2／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)复合微粒。首先,通过混合2个分别增溶有2种反应物的微乳液,制备纳米SiO2粒子;然后,向混合后的微乳液中滴加单体及引发剂,通过单体的原位聚合反应得到SiO2,PMMA复合微粒。通过相图研究：确定了微乳液法制备复合微粒时初始组分的用量。通过透射电子显微镜、红外光谱、热重分析、X射线光电子能谱等手段对复合微粒进行了表征。结果表明：聚合后的PMMA包覆在SiO2表面．复合微粒的平均粒径为30nm．分散性良好。复合微粒中不能被抽提出来的聚合物占10．08％,这部分聚合物以Si-O-C键形式接枝在SiO2表面。     

双酚A甲醛酚醛环氧树脂／纳米SiO2复合材料的形态和性能

采用溶液共混法将纳米SiO2粒子分散到双酚A甲醛酚醛环氧树脂（bis-ANER）与二氧化乙烯基环己烯（VCD）的混合物中，再与固化剂甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐（MHHPA）混合，制备了不同SiO2含量的bis-ANER／VCD／MHHPA／SiO2纳米复合材料。用扫描电镜、透射电镜、材料试验机、冲击试验机、热分析法对其固化产物的断面形态、力学性能和热性能进行了研究。结果表明，纳米SiO2粒子在环氧树脂基体中的分散是均匀的，粒径在30-50nm左右。1．5％（质量分数，下同）的SiO2粒子分散到bis-ANER／VCD/MHHPA中使材料的拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度分别提高了112％、66％和118％，断裂伸长率由1．85％提高到3．37％，玻璃化转变温度提高了5．4℃，热降解温度略有提高，降解起始阶段反应机理与未加SiO2粒子的材料一样，符合一级反应。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。