径向耦合多腔输出系统数值模拟分析

宽带速调管放大器是雷达、通讯系统核心部件,速调管输出系统的宽带特性对速调管带宽有至关重要的作用,该文论述了借助于三维电磁场计算程序《ISFEL 3D》对径向耦合多腔谐振输出系统的一对谐振腔(主腔和副腔)做了数值模拟分析,得到了不同于普遍使用的轴向耦合双间隙腔系统的场结构、模式类别和调谐带宽特性。据此结果设计了冷测实验模型,达到了离散(频率)工作点带宽7％的要求。     

Ka波段滤波器加载三间隙耦合输出腔的设计

扩展相互作用速调管(EIK)由多个重入式多间隙耦合腔构成,毫米波段高功率微波源的需求推动了Ka波段EIK的研制.分别利用等效电路理论和场分析方法推导了由三个同样间隙构成的三间隙耦合输出腔间隙阻抗实部的计算公式,然后应用等效电路方法获得了滤波器加载宽频带输出回路的基本参数,应用场分析方法设计了冷测带宽达4.6%的滤波器加载三间隙耦合输出腔结构,为宽频带EIK的研制打下坚实的基础.     

一种超宽带双信道速调管输出回路的设计和实验

该文介绍了一种超宽带双信道速调管输出回路的设计思路和实现过程。以Ansoft HFSS软件为设计平台,在S波段设计出一个带宽超过550 MHz的超宽带双信道双间隙耦合腔输出回路。设计了信道转换机构,并分别确定了两个信道的谐振腔参数。得出了不改变两个谐振腔参数,只需调节耦合槽的尺寸就能够实现信道转换的结论。通过对HFSS软件建立的模型进行计算,得到了双间隙耦合腔输出回路中各模式的频率,与冷测结果基本一致。利用集中元件等效电路法计算了双间隙耦合腔输出回路的间隙阻抗,计算结果与冷测结果基本一致。     

TM310高次模圆柱形谐振腔耦合矩形波导输出回路研究

设计了适用于多注速调管,工作在TM310高次模圆柱形谐振腔耦合矩形波导输出回路,其工作中心频率为7 585.3 MHz,计算了腔体内各漂移管间隙阻抗的频率特性,并分析了输出回路的输出带宽.研究结果表明: 在相同频率条件下,采用圆柱形TM310工作模式的谐振腔体积将是采用圆柱形TM010工作模式谐振腔体积的7倍;TM310高次模圆柱形谐振腔耦合矩形波导后,各漂移管特性阻抗与耦合前相比有稍微变化,但耦合后各间隙特性阻抗非常接近;反射系数相位法及等效电路法计算输出腔外观品质因数分别为为154和160,输出中心频率7 585.263 MHz,比耦合前腔体谐振频率降低26.525 MHz,输出带宽约为3%,因此,该类型输出回路比较适合用作高射频段的窄带多注速调管.     

多发射级无线电能传输的恒压输出

针对磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输系统中径向位移对输出电压的影响问题,文中利用等效电路和互感耦合理论,得出线圈位移与输出电压之间的关系,并进一步分析了位移与多发射级无线电能传输的输出电压的关系,得出过耦合时输出电压随径向位移的增加先增大后减小;临界耦合和欠耦合时,输出电压随径向位移的增大逐渐减小,最后在线圈阵列上实现位移的恒压输出。     

强耦合双间隙微波谐振腔的特性分析

该文设计了一类适合用于较低频波段宽带多注速调管的新型微波谐振腔强耦合双间隙腔,并采用了较精确的三维电磁场模拟计算程序ISFEL3D对其各种主要参数和特性做了详尽的计算和理论分析,结果表明,强耦合双间隙微波谐振腔工作于模时具有特性阻抗高而且体积小的突出优点,同时模频率与2模频率的间隔明显增大。另外,该文还利用两种常用的集总元件等效电路对计算数据和结论进行验证,并对两种常用的等效电路的精确度做了讨论。     

交叉耦合微波滤波器输入/输出耦合系数抽取方法

交叉耦合微波滤波器可利用输入/输出耦合(即源与负载的耦合)构成交叉耦合以达到优化结构和减小体积的目的.首先基于波导缝隙耦合等效电路模型得到了S参数描述的输入/输出耦合系数;其次以X波段滤波器为例,使用HFSS软件抽取了输入/输出耦合结构的耦合系数,并根据目标耦合系数确定了其输入/输出波导耦合结构参数,从而将抽象的耦合矩阵转化成实际滤波器的结构尺寸;最后对比仿真结果与计算曲线验证了所提出方法的可行性.     

复合滤波结构的窄线宽高频微波信号产生装置

为了在较低泵浦功率下实现单纵模双波长激光信号的输出,进而获得窄线宽的高频微波信号,设计并实验了一种基于复合滤波结构的窄线宽高频微波信号产生装置。通过8字腔结构布里渊增益腔和反射式光纤光栅构成的波长选择滤波器实现了4倍布里渊频移间隔的双波长斯托克斯光信号输出,采用200 m长单模光纤作为增益介质,同时与50 m长单模光纤构成级联光纤环结构,采用三端口耦合器与2 m长未泵浦的保偏掺铒光纤构成萨格纳克环结构,利用级联光纤环结构和萨格纳克环结构的复合滤波作用实现了斯托克斯光信号模式的选择,使输出的斯托克斯光信号由多纵模运行状态变为单纵模运行状态。实验证明:通过对输出的单纵模双波长斯托克斯光信号进行拍频检测可得42.85 GHz的高频微波信号产生,线宽为38 kHz;通过改变可调谐泵浦激光器的输出波长,可实现42.25~43.51 GHz范围内的频率调谐;通过稳定性测试,产生的42.85 GHz高频微波信号的频率变化在0.83 MHz内,峰值功率变化在±0.8 dB内,稳定性良好,满足实际应用需求。     

单纵模多环形腔掺铒光纤激光器及其稳定性

介绍了一种多环形腔结构(MRC)的单纵模(SLM)掺铒光纤激光器(EDFL).这种激光器通过在主环形腔中插入充当模式滤波器的三个长度不等的无源次级环形腔,并结合腔内光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)形成多环形腔掺铒光纤激光器结构,多环形谐振腔可保证激光器的单纵模输出。讨论了使激光器运行在单纵模状态的谐振腔理论。同时,为了提高系统输出的频率稳定性,采用外光注入方法有效地抑制了模式跳变和拍噪声,改善了输出谱特性。实验得到在1550.225nm处输出功率约3.6dBm,信噪比(SNR)>35dB的单纵模输出光,且测得线宽小于500Hz.     

混合式千兆瓦脉冲反同轴磁控管

研制了一种新型的混合式反同轴磁控管。其频率为3.2千兆赫、脉冲功率达千兆瓦,脉宽为30毫微秒。最初的测试就达到了0.5千兆瓦的脉冲功率和20%的效率。这种管型与普通反同轴磁控管不同,它的可调稳频腔在输出圆波导的外围。在稳频腔的外壁上有54个翼片,构成54个径向分布的阳极谐振腔。慢波系统与稳频腔之间的耦合隙缝迫使在电子互作用空间有π模振荡。选用这种结构后,使互作用空间可达到的功率流显著增加,同时高频真空击穿的可能性却减小了。由于在场致发射的阴极表面有了起动电路,提高了脉冲前沿的模式稳定性。     

基于模式匹配的同轴腔耦合分析及其应用

采用半解析的模式匹配方法分析并计算矩形同轴谐振腔之间窗口耦合的耦合系数,结合等效电路计算了存在第三个谐振腔时两同轴谐振腔之间窗口耦合的耦合系数.比较了计算两腔的耦合系数时,采用模式匹配法和有限元法的计算效率.结果表明,达到相同精度时,模式匹配法具有更高的计算速度.根据计算所得耦合系数设计了两个分别具有对称响应和非对称响应的C波段同轴腔滤波器,经调试后,滤波器测试结果与设计的理论响应吻合较好,验证了模式匹配方法计算矩形同轴谐振腔通过窗口耦合的耦合系数的有效性.     

Design of waveguide narrow-wall short-slot couplers

It is shown that the broad-band coupling properties of narrow-wall short-slot directional couplers and hybrids are due to the effect of the evanescent TE₃₀ mode in the coupling region. This causes a change to the effective phase length of the even-mode circuit, especially when a central tuning element is used. Using the results of a previous paper on the formation of an equivalent circuit from the generalized scattering matrix, an equivalent circuit for the even mode of the coupler is formed, clearly depicting the effect of the TE₃₀ mode     

Modeling and Optimization of Compact Microwave Bandpass Filters

This paper presents the modeling and optimization of compact microwave bandpass filters whose compactness leads to complex and strong stray coupling paths, thereby making the identification of a simple and sparse coupling topology difficult and even impossible. The strong coupling coefficients needed for a broadband response can also cause an ambiguity in identifying the spatial extent of local resonances. An equivalent circuit, which is extracted directly from Maxwell's equations, is used in optimizing these filters. The filter is represented by its global resonances instead of individual resonators. The extraction of the parameters of the equivalent circuit is carried out in the physical frequency and not in the normalized frequency in order to preserve the physicality of the equivalent circuit, especially for asymmetric responses. The technique is successfully applied to the optimization of second-order suspended stripline bandpass filters with one transmission zero either below or above the passband, as well as fourth-order filters with three transmission zeros. A fourth-order filter with three transmission zeros is fabricated and measured.     

Analysis of two-section coupled-cavity semiconductor lasers

Analysis and simulation studies of the longitudinal mode behavior of two-section coupled-cavity lasers in the steady-state are presented. The laser is analyzed with a resonance amplifier model and the scattering matrix formulation. The mode selection property of this laser is explained in terms of the wavelength-dependent effective reflectance. Expressions for the effective reflectance and the mode power are derived for two different cases: the case of weak reflection from the junction and strong coupling between individual cavities, and the case of strong reflection at the junction and relatively weak coupling between cavities. It is shown to be possible to simulate the longitudinal mode behavior with respect to temperature changes and wavelength tuning by separately pumping each section of the laser.     

A Novel Time-Domain Approach for Extracting Broadband Models of Power Delivery NetworksWith Resonance Effect

Resonance noise, or power/ground bounce noise, on the power and ground planes of high-speed circuit packages is one of the main concerns of signal integrity or power integrity issues. A novel time-domain approach is proposed to synthesize the broadband models of the power/ground planes with resonance effect. Using waveforms either from measurements by time-domain reflectrometry or simulations by the finite-difference time-domain method, the time-domain step response of the planes is characterized with a pole-residue representation obtained through the matrix pencil method. Lumped circuit equivalent circuit models are then synthesized through the pole-residue representations. The synthesized model can accurately predict the resonance behavior of power/ground planes over a wide frequency range. These models can be efficiently incorporated into the currently available circuit simulator such as HSPICE for the consideration of power/ground bouncing noise in high-speed circuits. Three cases are tested to demonstrate the validity and broadband accuracy of the proposed approach.      

Simple technique for representing slots in cavities

Determining the coupling of electromagnetic fields into cavities via slots can be complex. This letter presents a simple technique of achieving this. The method utilises a superposition of coupling via a series of circular apertures that represent the equivalent slot. The series of apertures are all transposed to single position allowing the slot to be represented by a single circular aperture. A model for coupling via a slot is realised using intermediate level circuit modelling that yields credible results and is validated against a transmission line matrix model.     

CAD-oriented lossy models for radial stubs

A lumped equivalent circuit model for both series and double-shunt (butterfly) connected radial stub has been developed. The model-simple and effective-not only includes conductor and dielectric losses but also radiation ones, which play an important role in microstrip circuit elements. Experiments widely demonstrate its suitability for implementation in available CAD (computer-aided design) programs. Furthermore, a synthesis procedure for using radial stubs in circuit design is described. An application of the proposed design procedure and simulation tools in the development of very broadband nongrounded termination is also presented     

Analysis of the distribution of gap interaction impedance coefficients of resonant coupled cavity output section of broadband klystrons

From the lumped circuit elements point of view, the distribution of gap interaction impedance coefficients of resonant coupled cavity output section of broadband klystrons is analyzed. The following topics are discussed: (1) the selection of equivalent circuit; (2) the calculation of impedance distribution with given parameters of the lumped circuit element; (3) the calculation of transfer impedance and microwave circuit parameters with measured self-impedances.