钛合金激光熔覆TiB-TiC增强TiNi-Ti2Ni金属间化合物复合涂层的组织和耐磨性（英文）

以Ti＋Ni＋B4C粉末混合物为原料,利用激光熔覆技术在TA15钛合金基材表面制得TiB-TiC共同增强TiNi-Ti2Ni金属间化合物复合涂层。采用OM、SEM、XRD、EDS及AFM等手段分析激光熔覆涂层的显微组织及磨损表面,测试涂层的室温干滑动磨损性能。结果表明,激光熔覆TiB-TiC增强TiNi-Ti2Ni金属间化合物复合涂层熔覆具有独特的显微组织,菊花状的TiB-TiC共晶均匀分布在TiNi-Ti2Ni双相金属间化合物基体中。由于高硬、高耐磨TiB-TiC陶瓷相与高韧性TiNi-Ti2Ni双相金属间化合物基体的共同配合,激光熔覆涂层表现出优异的耐磨性。     

Ti2Ni/TiNi微叠层复合材料的制备及表征

将Ti箔和Ni箔交替排列,在900℃条件下,通过热压烧结法来制备Ti_2Ni/TiNi微叠层复合材料。研究了保温时间对复合材料的微观组织及相组成的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)及差示扫描量热分析(DSC)对不同保温时间下制备的复合材料的微观组织、相组成、相结构及相变温度进行分析。结果表明:随着保温时间的增加,Ti和Ni逐渐消耗,在其界面上形成Ti_2Ni、TiNi、Ni_3Ti3种金属间化合物。当Ni消耗完毕,Ti原子向Ni_3Ti层扩散,使之完全转变成TiNi。当Ti完全消耗,仅有交替排列的Ti_2Ni和TiNi两相存在,且在TiNi层上分布着颗粒状和条状的Ti_2Ni相。保温8h后制备的Ti_2Ni/TiNi叠层复合材料的相变温度A_s、A_f、M_s、M_f及相变迟滞温度ΔT分别为75.9,99.2,63.6,45.7和32.5℃。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi Laves alloys

Two Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi Laves phase alloys with chemical compositions ofNi-39Ti-11Si and Ni-42Ti-8Si （%, mole fraction, the same below）, respectively, were fabricated by the laser melting deposition manufacturing process, aiming at studying the effect of Ti, Si contents on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys. The Ni-39Ti-llSi alloy consisting of Ti2Ni3Si primary dendrites and Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi eutectic matrix is a conventional hypereutectic Laves phase alloy while the Ni-42Ti-8Si alloy being made up of NiTi primary dendrites uniformly distributed in Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi eutectic is a new hypoeutectic alloy. Mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated by nano-indentation test. The results show that the decrease of Si and the increase of Ti contents change the microstructures of the alloys from hypereutectic to hypoeutectic, which influences the mechanical properties of the alloys remarkably. Corrosion behaviors of the alloys were also evaluated by potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves.     

激光熔化沉积NiTi/Ni3 Ti金属间化合物合金的显微组织和耐磨性

利用激光熔化沉积技术制备出分别以NiTi和Ni3Ti为初生相的NiTi/Ni3Ti金属间化合物耐磨合金,采用XRD、OM、SEM、EDS等手段分析合金的组织,测试合金的室温干滑动磨损性能。结果表明,其室温干滑动磨损机制为软磨料磨损和氧化磨损;对于以Ni3Ti为初生相的合金,其室温干滑动磨损机制在中低负荷下为氧化磨损和显微切削,在高负荷下则是Ni3Ti的显微切削;以NiTi为初生相的NiTi/Ni3Ti金属间化合物合金具有更好的抗室温摩擦磨损性能。     

Fe-Cr-C耐磨堆焊合金磨粒磨损行为

采用埋弧堆焊方法,在Q235钢表面制备Fe-Cr-C耐磨合金,在MLS—225型湿式橡胶轮磨粒磨损试验机上进行磨粒磨损试验,通过对磨损试样表面的扫描电子显微镜观察分析并结合能谱成分分析研究磨损形成机制.结果表明,Fe-Cr-C耐磨堆焊合金在试验的湿石英砂磨料磨损条件下,磨损机制以微裂纹引起的剥落去除机制为主,也存在一定数量的犁沟或犁皱造成的微切削去除机制.剥落的发生与碳化物密切相关,能谱成分分析表明剥落坑内Cr元素含量对应在(Cr,Fe)7C3铬含量范围内,说明剥落坑是碳化物断裂造成的.     

TiAl合金激光熔覆复合材料涂层耐磨性研究

利用预涂NiCr-Cr3C2复合粉末对γ-TiAl合金（简称TiAl合金）进行激光熔覆处理,制得了以Cr7C3、TiC硬质相为耐磨增强相,以γ-NiCrAl镍基固溶体为基体的复合材料涂层,研究了原始TiAl合金和激光熔覆涂层的室温和高温（600℃）滑动磨损性能,并讨论了原始TiAl合金和所制备涂层的室温和高温滑动磨损机理。结果表明：激光熔覆复合材料涂层均具有较好的室温和高温滑动磨损耐磨性。室温下涂层的耐磨性先随着其中硬质耐磨增强相体积分数的增加而提高,但当耐磨相体积分数过高时,由于涂层脆性增大,其耐磨性反而下降。     

热处理对包含正二十面体准晶相Ti1.4V0.6Ni合金电极的电化学性能的影响（英文）

研究了热处理前后Ti1.4V0.6Ni合金的结构和电化学性能。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)方法分析合金的结构。电化学特性包括放电容量、循环稳定性和高倍率放电性能等。XRD衍射分析表明,在590°C热处理30min的合金,主要包含正二十面体准晶相、Ti2Ni(FCC)相、V基固溶相(BCC)和C14Laves相(Hex)。电化学测试显示,热处理后在30°C和放电电流密度为30mA/g的条件下,合金电极的最大放电容量可达330.9mA·h/g,并且循环稳定性和高倍率放电性能也得到改善。此外,通过电化学阻抗和合金内部氢的扩散系数研究了合金电极的动力学性能。     

Sliding wear and friction behavior of ZA-27 alloy reinforced by Mn-containing intermetallic compounds

A ZA-27 alloy reinforced with M n-containing intermeta llic compounds was prepared and its tribological behaviors were investigated. By adding Mn, RE, Ti and B into ZA-27 alloy, the test alloy (ZMJ) was fabricated by sand casting. Microstructural analysis shows that considerable amount of Mn-containing intermetallic compounds such as Al5MnZn, Al9(MnZn)2 and Al65 Mn(RE)6Ti4Zn36 are formed. Compared to ZA-27, ZMJ shows better wear resistance, lower friction coefficient and lower temperature rise of worn surface under lubricated sliding condition. ZMJ also shows the lowest steady friction coefficient under dry friction condition. The wear resistance improvement of ZMJ is mainly attributed to the high hardness and good dispersion of these Mn-containing intermetallic compounds. It is indicated that the intermetallic compounds play a dominant role in reducing the sever adhesive and abrasive wear of the ZA-27 alloy.     

TiNi形状记忆合金电阻钎焊接头微观组织分析

利用自行改制的数控交流电阻焊机，采用CuNi薄带钎料，配合改进型钎剂实现了TiNi形状记忆合金电阻钎焊连接。借助于光学显微镜、SEM及EDX对钎缝的组织进行了分析。结果表明，试验采用的电阻钎焊工艺对母材的热影响极小，接头中没有明显的热影响区；在钎缝中存在的Ti，Ni4化合物相是TiNi合金产生双程及全程形状记忆效应的主要因素。     

TC4合金表面TiNi/Ti2Ni改性层不同载荷滑动干摩擦性能研究

利用等离子表面合金化技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备了TiNi/Ti2Ni合金层,考察了合金层的表面形貌、成分分布、截面组织形貌、相结构。采用球盘磨损试验机分析了TiNi/Ti2Ni合金层在不同载荷下的滑动干摩擦学性能,并与基体进行对比。结果表明,基体和TiNi/Ti2Ni合金层磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损。在同一磨损条件下,TiNi/Ti2Ni合金层的摩擦系数略低于基体,耐磨性优于基体。TiNi/Ti2Ni合金层在不同载荷的摩擦系数接近,在0.29~0.32之间波动。随着载荷的增加,磨损率增加。     

低温熔盐电解制备Ni-Ti合金

采用FFC,以NiO粉和TiO2粉混合烧结片为阴极,石墨棒为阳极,NaCl-CaCl2混合熔盐为电解质,刚玉坩埚为电解槽在700℃的低温熔盐中制备Ni-Ti合金.通过对不同NiO粉和TiO2粉配比进行研究,结果表明:烧结生成了对反应有利的NiTiO3.在压力一定的情况下,阴极组成不同时,电流随时间的变化不同,TiO2含量越少,在10小时内,反应越快.阴极TiO2含量不同,产物也不同可以直接生成金属间化合物TiNi、Ni3Ti和Ti2Ni.     

激光熔化沉积修复GH4169合金的组织与拉伸性能

通过激光熔化同步输送的GH4169合金粉末,在锻态GH4169合金基板上沉积出薄壁试样,分析了GH4169合金的微观组织、相组成,测试了拉伸性能。结果表明,所制备试样的沉积层和界面组织致密、无缺陷;激光沉积态组织为沿沉积高度方向生长的柱状枝晶组织,沉积态组织经过直接时效(DA)或固溶+时效(STA)处理后,枝晶间Laves相含量基本没有变化,经过均匀化+固溶+时效(HSTA)处理后,组织向等轴晶转变,Laves相含量减少;试样经过STA处理后,抗拉强度最高,达到锻态的84.5%,断后伸长率为锻态的96.7%,原始沉积态试样断后伸长率最高,高于锻态101.7%。     

超音速火焰喷涂碳化钨-钴涂层磨粒磨损行为

采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺在16Mn钢上制备了WC-12Co涂层,并测试了该涂层的力学性能特别是其抗磨粒磨损性能。结果表明:WC-12Co涂层的主相为碳化钨,显微硬度为(1341.0±134.3)HV,孔隙率为0.21%±0.04%。该涂层的磨损率随着磨粒硬度、磨粒粒度和加载载荷的增加而增加。当磨粒的硬度低于涂层硬度时,涂层的磨损机制以磨耗磨损为主,磨损率低;当磨粒的硬度超过涂层的硬度时,涂层的磨损以微切削为主,磨损率高。另外,WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性相对于16Mn钢也是随着磨粒的硬度变化而变化。     

Mg-11Y-5Gd-2Zn镁合金干滑动的摩擦磨损行为

采用往复式摩擦磨损试验机对铸态和T6态Mg-11Y-5Gd-2Zn合金进行干摩擦磨损试验,研究载荷（3~15N）、磨擦速度（0.03~0.24m/s）、摩擦温度（25~200 °C）对合金磨损率的影响,并通过扫描电镜观察合金磨损表面形貌和磨屑。结果表明：随着载荷的增加,合金的磨损率几乎呈线性增加;随着摩擦速率的增加,合金的磨损率降低;铸态合金的磨损率高于T6态合金的。Mg-11Y-5Gd-2Zn合金中的Mg12Y1Zn1相、表面氧化相和残留的磨屑影响合金的磨损率。在本试验条件下,磨损机制主要是粘着磨损和塑性变形。     

Abrasive wear characteristics and mechanisms of Al2O3／PA1010 composite coatings

The abrasive wear characteristics of Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings on the surface of quenched and low-temperature temper steel 45 were tested on the tumplate abrasive wear testing machine and the same uncoated steel 45 was used as a reference material. Experimental results showed that the abrasive wear resistance of Al2O3/PA 1010 composite coatings has a good linear relationship with the volume fraction of Al2O3 particles in Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings, and the linear correlative coefficient is 0.979. Under the experimental conditions, the size of Al2O3 particles (40.5-161.0μm) has little influence on the abrasive wear resistance of Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings. By treating the surface of Al2O3 parti-cles with a suitable bonding agent, the distribution of Al2O3 particles in matrix PA1010 is more homogeneous and the bonding state between Al2O3 particles and matrix PA1010 is better. Therefore, the Al2O3 particles in Al2O3/PA1010 compos-ite coatings make the Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings have better abrasive wear resistance than PA1010 coatings. The wear resistance of Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings is about 45% compared with that of steel 45.     

Ti3SiC2含量对Q235B钢表面激光熔覆Fe基耐磨涂层性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在Q235B钢表面制备了不同Ti₃SiC₂含量的Fe55/Ti₃SiC₂复合涂层,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度仪、摩擦磨损机和电化学工作站等研究了涂层的显微组织、物相及综合性能。结果表明:由于Ti₃SiC₂的加入及其在高温下分解降低了熔池的换热特性等综合因素,导致Fe55/Ti₃SiC₂复合涂层的晶粒粗化;随着Ti₃SiC₂的添加,Fe55/Ti₃SiC₂复合涂层中形成了Cr₇C₃、SiC、CrC和TiSi等硬质相,组织变得粗大,并且α-Fe相的尺寸粗大及含量增加,而复合涂层中产生的硬质相不足以抵消晶粒粗化以及α-Fe硬度较小而发生软化所降低的硬度,综合导致了复合涂层的硬度下降。Fe55/Ti₃SiC₂复合涂层中形成的金属硅化物TiSi具有良好的抗氧化性能,减小了氧化磨损中因氧化膜脆性和疏松产生的加剧磨损,因此,足以抵消因硬度降低以及摩擦系数增大的影响,使得Ti₃SiC₂添加量为2%的涂层具有最高的耐磨性。     

激光熔化沉积TC2钛合金显微组织及力学性能

采用激光熔化沉积直接成形技术制备了TC2钛合金中空薄壁盒,通过光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪分别分析了显微组织和相组成,并测试了室温拉伸性能.结果表明,激光熔化沉积TC2钛合金具有细小的网篮组织和优异的室温拉伸性能,但其塑性存在明显的各向异性,纵向伸长率较横向提高约42.5%.     

TiNi合金/不锈钢异种材料微激光焊缝组织性能

采用纯Ni丝作为填充材料,以低功率脉冲激光作为热源实现了厚0.2 mm的超薄片状TiNi形状记忆合金/不锈钢异种材料的良好连接,通过正交试验以获得最大接头抗拉强度为目标对工艺参数进行了优化,研究脉冲功率百分比、脉冲宽度等工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响,并对接头做了拉伸试验。结果表明:当脉冲功率百分比为15%、脉冲宽度4 ms、脉冲频率6 Hz时,接头能够获得570 MPa的最大抗拉强度,达到TiNi形状记忆合金母材强度的70%,不锈钢母材的90%;脉冲功率百分比主要影响焊缝熔深,脉冲宽度主要影响焊缝熔宽;焊缝区组织、强度分布不均匀,在TiNi合金侧发生断裂。     

Zn-2Ni合金金属间化合物的细化

利用金相、扫描电镜观察及能谱分析研究了Ti、Al及Al-RE合金作为细化剂对Zn-2Ni合金中Zn-Ni金属间化合物的细化效果。结果表明:在Zn-2Ni合金中加入微量(≤0.20%)的Ti、Al及Al-RE均可对合金凝固组织中的金属间化合物粒子产生细化作用;以Ti为细化剂时,组织中会出现较大的Zn-Ni-Ti三元板条状粒子;以纯Al为细化剂时,出现-δNiZn8相依附-γNi2Zn5相生长的大粒子和以枝晶状NiAl相为核心较细小的-δNiZn8相粒子共存于凝固组织中;以Al-RE为细化剂时,将获得分布均匀且细化的-γNi2Zn5相粒子,且Al-RE合金细化效果明显优于Ti和Al,其最佳的加入浓度为0.05%~0.10%。     

Effect of laser surface melting on friction and wear behavior of AM50 magnesium alloy

In the present study, an attempt has been made to enhance tribological properties of AM50 magnesium alloy by laser surface melting (LSM) with a 2 kW continuous wave CO₂ laser. The microstructure of the laser surface melted zone consists of fine columnar dendrites growing epitaxially from the liquid-solid interface. Microhardness of the melted zone was improved to 55-75 HV as compared to 40 HV of the substrate. The friction and wear behavior of the laser surface melted layer were investigated using a ball-on-flat apparatus under dry sliding condition. It was found that the friction coefficient curve of the laser surface melted layer was similar to that of substrate. They showed a lower initial friction coefficient about 0.18 that after the running-in period increased up to about 0.38. Furthermore, compared with the AM50 substrate, the wear volume of the laser surface melted layer was decreased by 42%, the wear resistance of the laser surface melted layer was improved.