基于智能垃圾桶的垃圾分类动态收运路径优化问题研究

针对城市生活垃圾分类收运过程中存在的环境二次污染和垃圾产生量不确定性等问题,提出了一种基于智能垃圾桶的动态收运车辆路径优化方法。建立以最小化碳排放成本、燃油消耗成本、固定成本和车辆延迟到达惩罚成本为目标的动态车辆路径优化模型。采用滚动时域的方式将动态问题转换为一系列静态问题,并设计两阶段算法进行求解。首先采用粒子群算法对收运车辆路径进行规划,而后在每个时域末,综合考虑待清运垃圾桶的位置和垃圾量、垃圾收运车辆的位置和装载量以动态调整现有车辆路径。研究结果表明,相较于传统的静态收运方案,动态垃圾收运方案能够在降低车辆运输成本和碳排放成本的同时,显著降低由于清运不及时造成的环境二次污染的风险。     

物联网技术在城市垃圾清运监管系统中的应用研究

当前我国持续进行城市化建设,城市人口数量不断增加,在城市发展过程中产生了大量的污染垃圾。我国城市垃圾产量逐渐增多,垃圾处理难度也不断增加,传统城市生活垃圾在收运管理方面还存在一系列的问题,未能形成对于分散垃圾的有效监管,不能从源头出发,做好垃圾产量的预算以及管理,也未能进行全程监控,实际收运效率较低。垃圾收运过程中所消耗的成本资金巨大,在处置过程中,普遍存在监管复杂、效果不佳等问题。     

垃圾收运路线问题的蜂群优化算法研究

整个垃圾处理系统中城市生活垃圾收运费用占很大比例,通过研究垃圾收运路线问题,可以有效节约成本,提高作业效率.根据城市生活垃圾收运系统的特点,采用带中转站的垃圾收运问题的标准数学模型.在分析蜂群优化算法理论的基础上,针对问题的特点,研究了蜂群优化算法求解的具体步骤,并通过实例仿真,证明了蜂群优化算法在解决带中转站的垃圾收运问题上的可行性和有效性.最后通过与蚁群算法对比,进一步说明了蜂群优化算法在解决问题的优越性.     

垃圾分类收运模式下车辆路径问题建模与仿真

建立与垃圾种类相匹配的垃圾分类收运体系是确保垃圾分类制度有效实施的重要一步.生活垃圾分类收运问题属于车辆路径问题范畴.在垃圾分类收运模式下,考虑垃圾种类-车辆类型匹配关键因素,研究多种类垃圾多车型车辆路径优化问题.以车辆启动成本、运输成本之和最小化为目标,建立混合整数规划模型,利用遗传算法予以求解.通过算例仿真验证了模型及算法的有效性,在践行垃圾分类制度上具有实际应用价值.     

基于遗传算法的最优城市垃圾收运路线探究

通过对垃圾收运路线的分析,可归结为组合规划问题。针对目前垃圾收运路线多采用TSP模型,建立了改进的遗传算法的垃圾收运优化模型,并运用计算机编程和搜索技术进行研究,并结合实例给出参数对运输路线进行计算机仿真。分别以垃圾收运车程最短和垃圾收运时间最少建立目标函数,并挖掘出约束条件,建立垃圾收运路线的数学模型。对传统的遗传算法进行改进,采用赌论策略选择个体进行遗传交叉操作,来求得目标函数的近似全局最优解。经实例仿真证明,建立的模型是合理的,表明赌论策略的遗传算法适合于复杂的垃圾收运路线的优化,运行收敛速度快,为优化路线提供了参考。     

垃圾分类收运路径问题的新型混合蚁群算法求解

针对垃圾分类收运路径问题,考虑车辆装载容量约束、硬时间窗约束、装载率对成本的影响等条件下,以最小化运输成本和车辆固定成本为目标建立了数学模型。将考虑时间吻合度因子和车容量利用率因子的改进蚁群算法与混沌电磁场优化算法进行动态融合,并结合2-opt和两点交换的局部搜索方法,提出一种以改进蚁群算法为外部框架,混沌电磁场优化算法为内部模块的新型混合蚁群算法对城市生活垃圾分类收运问题进行求解。根据算法间优势互补的思想,利用两种算法的优点来弥补单个算法的缺陷,使其成功应用于该问题。最后,用车辆路径问题标准测试集和上海市杨浦区的数据作为实例进行测试与对比,验证了模型的正确性以及算法的有效性与优化能力。     

一种医疗废物集中处置中心营运信息管理系统

针对医疗垃圾收集、转运和处理过程,提出了在收运车内安装冷藏车温度仪、电子称重仪、MDCS通讯控制器、车载GPS、支持多种网络协议的控制器、读卡器和LCD显示器、基于GPS＆GSM/GPRS＆GIS和互联网平台,构成信息管理系统,实现了收集运输车和政府监管部门之间的数据实时交换和信息管理。该系统可以处置收运路线的动态寻优、生产的合理调度和“转移联单”的快速传递,提高了医疗垃圾的处置效率,减少了运行成本。     

基于物联网的餐厨废弃物回收处理监管系统研究

本文针对我国城市化进程中不可回避的餐厨废弃物、"地沟油"等环保问题的如何回收监管进行了全面研究,分析了目前国内外相关研究现状,基于物联网技术提出了回收监管系统研究的方向、主要研究内容及涉及到的关键技术,为改善城市环境"变废为宝"给出了解决方案,利用GIS、GPS、车载移动视频、智能手持终端等技术,建立餐厨垃圾收运综合监管系统,实现了收运过程全程业务监管。     

城市生活垃圾分类计量收费设备控制装置的设计

城市生活垃圾分类计量收费是解决城市垃圾问题的有效手段。设计了一种基于单片机的垃圾分类计量控制装置,具备体积小巧、易于安装和成本低廉等优势,可推广使用。     

基于改进Resnet18的垃圾分类收运监管方法研究

为解决垃圾分类收运过程中,由于错误收运导致的混装率高、垃圾分类效果下降的问题,文章提出了一种基于改进Resnet18的垃圾分类收运监管方法。首先,在Resnet18残差结构的始端引入SE-Net通道注意力机制模块,可以有效提升网络的特征提取能力;其次,采用一种基于空洞卷积的多尺度感受野融合模块,使网络能够融合不同尺度的特征信息。实验结果表明,残差结构始端和晚期融合的改进方案效果更佳,加权F1值较原Resnet18分别提升了9.26%和7.36%。改进后的模型加权的F1值达97.27%,较原Resnet18分别提升了10.26%,并且对不同颜色垃圾桶识别的准确率更高。此外,改进后的Resnet18的每秒检测帧数(FPS)达到65.03,可以满足监管实时性的要求。同时,采用数据增强和天气模拟的方法处理数据集,使模型能适应多种环境,提升了模型的鲁棒性。     

Theoretical model and implementation of a real time intelligent bin status monitoring system using rule based decision algorithms

Due to the rising trend of urbanization along with overconsumption of non-recyclable resources, the volume of municipal solid waste is increasing every day. An efficient, cost effective and environment friendly solution for real time bin status monitoring, collection and transportation of municipal solid waste is still a major challenge to the local municipal authorities. This research proposes a novel model, architecture and intelligent sensing algorithm for real time solid waste bin monitoring system that would contribute to the solid waste collection optimization. The monitoring application is based on decision algorithms for sensing solid waste data in a wireless sensor network. The system is built on a three level architecture like smart bin, gateway and control station. The elementary concept is that, smart bins collect their status when any changes occur and transmit the status data to a server via an intermediate coordinator. A set of applications in server presents the updated bin status on real time. The field test performances show that the system can efficiently monitor real time bin status that makes it feasible to decide, which bin should collect and which should not. Thus the proposed system has achieved its goal to provide real time bin status information to the solid waste management operator. Later, this information can be used for collection route optimization to reduce collection costs and carbon emissions which in turn contribute to build green society.     

An iterative tessellation-based analytical approach to the design and planning of waste management regions

Collection and transportation of solid waste are costly for municipal budgets. This study challenges the use of existing administrative boundaries in waste management applications. By reducing the spread (standard deviation) of parameters (landfills, populated places, and roads), efficient and practical waste management regions are created. A novel alteration to the Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation (CVT) algorithm is proposed where Thiessen polygons are created using the central feature of a subset of data instead of the geometric centroid. The results applying the central feature method are compared to traditional CVT methods. Two Canadian provinces (Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia), the City of Regina, and two New York City boroughs (Manhattan and the Bronx) are investigated. Results suggest that the newly proposed tool can reduce the standard deviation of selected parameters compared to CVT. The spatial distribution of data and the geometry of the input tessellations are important factors in optimization. In Saskatchewan, reductions in parameter standard deviations ranged between 7.0 and 23.8% when comparing the two methods. In Nova Scotia, reductions in standard deviation of 9.64–13.25% were observed. In the City of Regina, wards may be more effective in planning solid waste collection compared to current solid waste collection boundaries. The standard deviation of parameters was minimized by 32.2–55.0% in New York. The proposed method may be able to efficiently create waste management regions in both cities and provinces, helping to reduce waste collection and transportation costs by ensuring an even spread of parameters in each region.     

基于Web的交通规费信息管理系统

随着现代信息技术特别是计算机网络技术的迅猛发展,网络技术在各行各业的应用日益广泛和深入.湖南交通征稽部门的交通规费征收系统功能单一,无法实现异地实时征费、全省车辆计算机稽查、就地补征等业务.如何有效地利用网络资源,建构基于网络的交通规费信息管理系统是一个迫切需要研究的问题.因此,开展交通规费信息管理系统网络版的设计与研究有着十分重要的意义.     

基于GPS/GPRS/GIS的智能公交监控系统

针对国内外公共交通管理的实际情况及全球定位系统(GPS)技术发展现状,提出一种基于GPS/GPRS/GIS技术的智能公交监控系统。介绍系统的组成结构和工作原理,论述系统主要模块的软硬件设计、传输协议及地理信息系统(GIS)的实现。实验表明,该系统信息采集精度高、信息传输高效稳定。     

Waste collection vehicle routing problem with time windows

In this paper, we address a real life waste collection vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) with consideration of multiple disposal trips and drivers’ lunch breaks. Solomon's well-known insertion algorithm is extended for the problem. While minimizing the number of vehicles and total traveling time is the major objective of vehicle routing problems in the literature, here we also consider the route compactness and workload balancing of a solution since they are very important aspects in practical applications. In order to improve the route compactness and workload balancing, a capacitated clustering-based waste collection VRPTW algorithm is developed. The proposed algorithms have been successfully implemented and deployed for the real life waste collection problems at Waste Management, Inc. A set of waste collection VRPTW benchmark problems is also presented in this paper.Waste collection problems are frequently considered as arc routing problems without time windows. However, that point of view can be applied only to residential waste collection problems. In the waste collection industry, there are three major areas: commercial waste collection, residential waste collection and roll-on-roll-off. In this paper, we mainly focus on the commercial waste collection problem. The problem can be characterized as a variant of VRPTW since commercial waste collection stops may have time windows. The major variation from a standard VRPTW is due to disposal operations and driver's lunch break. When a vehicle is full, it needs to go to one of the disposal facilities (landfill or transfer station). Each vehicle can, and typically does, make multiple disposal trips per day. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the waste collection VRPTW, benchmark problem sets, and a solution approach for the problem. The proposed algorithms have been successfully implemented and deployed for the real life waste collection problems of Waste Management, the leading provider of comprehensive waste management services in North America with nearly 26,000 collection and transfer vehicles.     

An integrated inbound logistics mode with intelligent scheduling of milk-run collection,drop and pull delivery and LNG vehicles

Although it provides a feasible inbound logistics solution for steady production and low inventory management, the Milk-run mode inevitably leads to a high transportation costs due to the features of small-batch and high-frequency delivery. In order to break through the defections of the existing inbound logistics mode, an integrated inbound logistics (IIL) mode with low-carbon and high efficiency is established. An intelligent scheduling method combines Milk-run collection with drop and pull delivery together. Moreover, the LNG vehicles are simultaneously used in the whole process. With AJ company’s auto-parts inbound logistics as a case, the IIL mode is formulated with a mixed integer mathematical model. The genetic algorithm coded with Matlab is used to find the optimal solution. The results show that when compared with the original Milk-run mode, the IIL mode brings massive reductions in driving mileage, wait time and waste gas emission. It can make significant benefits in both economic and social sense. Therefore, it is entirely reasonable for management of industries to believe that the IIL mode will be a feasible and promising alternative for inbound logistics.

     

智能语音电费催费系统的设计与实现

由于用电户数在不断地增加,电力工作人员的电费催费与回收的工作也日趋繁重,而传统的催费方式存在很大的局限性.因此,实现电费催费工作的智能化势在必行.本文主要研究并实现了基于Tacotron2与Griffin-Lim算法的端到端语音合成模块,同时使用Spring Boot作为主体框架,结合RocketMQ与WebSocke...     

A new model for the hazardous waste location-routing problem

Hazardous waste management involves the collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes. In this paper a new multiobjective location-routing model is proposed. Our model also includes some constraints, which were observed in the literature but were not incorporated into previous models. The aim of the proposed model is to answer the following questions: where to open treatment centers and with which technologies, where to open disposal centers, how to route different types of hazardous waste to which of the compatible treatment technologies, and how to route waste residues to disposal centers. The model has the objective of minimizing the total cost and the transportation risk. A large-scale implementation of the model in the Central Anatolian region of Turkey is presented.