综放全煤平巷锚杆支护模拟试验研究

根据“巷道围岩松动圈支护理论”,以南屯矿３上 煤层综放工作面全煤平巷围岩条件为基础,对不同动压系数、侧压系数、锚杆支护参数条件下,锚杆支护巷道围岩应力分布、围岩变形及巷道破坏规律进行了模拟试验．试验证实,矩形煤巷顶板中存在一个卸压区,巷道两帮和角部区域围岩破坏严重,是支护的重点部位．锚网支护能有效控制采动压力影响下全煤巷道围岩的稳定性．试验得到的结论对于综放全煤巷道锚网支护设计和应用具有指导意义．     

地下水对巷道围岩稳定性影响的数值模拟

为探明地下水对巷道围岩稳定性的影响,结合工程实际情况分析地下水对巷道围岩的弱化作用;建立围岩强度与饱和率之间的关系,用FISH语言将该关系嵌入到FLAC流固耦合模块中,从而建立具有遇水弱化效应的巷道围岩稳定性数值计算模型.研究结果表明：在锚杆支护条件下,有水作用时巷道围岩变形明显增大,与实际淋水条件下巷道围岩变形破坏情况是一致的;在锚杆支护基础上进行全断面锚注支护可有效控制地下水影响下巷道围岩的变形.工程实践验证了数值模拟的准确性与锚注支护对于有地下水影响的巷道支护的适用性.     

强初撑急增阻高阻力锚杆的支护机理

阐述了锚杆锚固力随巷道围岩变形损伤而呈现的上升、稳定、衰减和失效的变化规律,提出了提高锚杆预应力,采用全长树脂锚固,可明显改善锚杆的实际工作特性,实现锚杆强初撑、急增阻和高阻力,提高围岩的自承力,人有效控制软岩、采动巷道的围岩变形。     

千米深井软岩巷道破坏机理及支护技术研究

基于矿井开采逐渐向深部发展,巷道围岩呈现高地压、大变形、难支护的特点,常规锚网支护已难以控制巷道围岩变形的情况.通过对华丰煤矿-1?100水平巷道破坏机理的研究,提出了采用马蹄形巷道支护断面和全封闭支护的理念,加强底板承载能力和巷道抗蠕变能力;根据千米深井巷道围岩流变特性,研究得出了围岩地压得到合理释放趋于稳定时进行永久支护的时机和距离,并在永久支护中实施锚注加固,使松散破碎岩块胶结成整体提高了围岩的内聚力和内摩擦角,使围岩由“软”变“硬”,使无支护作用的围岩体变为支护结构,同时锚注锚杆成为全长锚固锚杆,加强了围岩的加固效果,达到安全永久支护巷道的目的.     

特厚煤层全煤扩修巷道的围岩稳定性与合理支护参数研究

针对矿特厚煤层中扩修巷道围岩变形量大、破坏严重及支护效果差等情况,根据巷道围岩松动范围测试结果,通过理论计算得出巷道锚杆支护参数.利用有限差分软件FLAC对其无支护、锚杆支护及锚喷支护进行数值模拟,对巷道围岩的应力特征、位移特征及破坏进行了研究.结果表明,采用锚网喷联合支护方式比较合理,并据此确定了巷道扩修支护参数.     

煤矿孤岛面顺槽掘进窄煤柱支护技术分析

淮南矿业集团顾桥煤矿1116（1）工作面运输顺槽为沿空掘进巷道,并受上方1117（3）工作面回采采动影响。为研究巷道在上方工作面回采时围岩变形特征、围岩应力分布及矿压显现规律,特在采动范围内设置一系列矿压观测点对巷道两帮变形、锚杆锚索及木点柱载荷进行持续观测,为将来巷道的支护提供可靠的分析数据。     

深部软岩巷道深-浅耦合全断面锚注支护研究

基于对深部软岩巷道变形和破裂特征的长期监测结果,提出了以"中空注浆锚索和高强注浆锚杆"为核心的新型深-浅耦合全断面锚注支护技术体系.借助渗流力学理论建立了深-浅耦合锚注浆液的渗流基本方程,并结合COMSOL软件模拟再现了浆液在围岩内的渗透扩散过程.结果表明:注浆锚索和注浆锚杆所注浆液使巷道浅部围岩形成完整的锚注加固圈,而注浆锚索同时使巷道深部围岩形成局部锚注加固体,两者协调耦合作用,形成互为支撑的承载体,完善了深-浅耦合全断面锚注支护的理论体系和加固作用机理.现场监测证明该支护体系有效地控制了巷道围岩的变形与破坏.     

淮南矿区某煤矿巷道支护效果数值模拟

结合淮南矿区的生产实际,将有限差分法软件(FLAC3D)引入到巷道稳定性计算中,对巷道不同厚度混凝土支护、不同根数的喷锚支护进行数值模拟计算,探讨围岩变形机理与支护效果.计算结果表明:随着喷射混凝土厚度的增加,巷道围岩变形呈负指数曲线规律下降,应力集中现象明显减弱;喷锚支护随着锚杆数量的增加,应力集中分布区域及最大位移明显减小.     

深井软岩巷道底板卸压钢丝绳网锚注支护技术研究

针对平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司一矿深井软岩回风上山巷道工程地质条件和围岩变形特征,采用数值计算方法,研究了底板卸压槽卸压前后巷道围岩应力场、塑性区的变化规律,分析了底板卸压槽卸压机理,提出了钢丝绳网锚注支护技术,并进行了工业性试验。研究结果表明:(1)巷道底板开掘卸压槽卸压后,底板围岩垂直应力和水平应力的高应力区及其峰值应力均向底板深部转移。卸压后底板同一深度的围岩应力均小于卸压前的围岩应力;卸压后巷道顶底板和两帮围岩的塑性区范围均增大,底板卸压效果明显。(2)深井巷道围岩的破碎区和部分塑性区是支护的重点。回风上山巷道采取开挖底板卸压槽、钢丝绳网锚杆支护和围岩注浆加固等支护措施后,在围岩中形成了锚注体支护圈,提高了围岩的强度和自身承载能力。巷道围岩经历加速变形阶段、减速变形阶段和稳定变形阶段后,一直处于稳定变形状态。卸压槽+钢丝绳网锚注支护在回风上山巷道的支护试验取得成功,可为深井软岩巷道支护提供参考依据。     

古汉山矿东翼通风疏水大巷锚注支护技术研究

古汉山矿东翼通风疏水大巷先后采用了多种支护方式均未取得成功.为了满足掘进巷道的技术要求,解决巷道的变形,通过对巷道支护与围岩相互作用及目前各类巷道支护形式及支护效果分析研究,决定采用锚注支护方案.其实质是采用注浆锚杆兼作注浆管使用,一方面通过注浆改变围岩的物理力学性能,另一方面又为锚杆提供了可靠的着力基础,提高了锚杆的支护效果.断面内注浆锚杆自下而上先注底脚,再注两帮,最后注拱顶锚杆.掘进巷道500 m,通过现场施工及施工后的监测,巷道能满足设计要求,取得了较好的支护效果.     

深部巷道围岩变形试验与数值模拟研究

为了研究深部软岩巷道的变形破坏特性,以淮南矿区某煤矿13-1煤回采巷道为例,在现场调查回采巷道工程概况的基础上,开展了室内深部回采巷道围岩变形特性相似模拟试验,并基于块体离散元法,建立了深部回采巷道围岩的数值模型,模拟了开挖过程中围岩的变形特性。相似模拟试验和数值模拟试验结果表明,深部巷道围岩的典型特征为:巷道底臌量两帮移近量顶板下沉量,巷道不同围岩受开挖扰动的位移影响范围不同,底板为3.5 m,顶板为2.45 m,两帮为5.5 m。     

Influence of dynamic pressure on deep underground soft rock roadway support and its application

Due to high ground stress and mining disturbance, the deformation and failure of deep soft rock roadway is serious, and invalidation of the anchor net-anchor cable supporting structure occurs. The failure characteristics of roadways revealed with the help of the ground pressure monitoring. Theoretical analysis was adopted to analyze the influence of mining disturbance on stress distribution in surrounding rock,and the change of stress was also calculated. Considering the change of stress in surrounding rock of bottom extraction roadway, the displacement, plastic zone and distribution law of principal stress difference under different support schemes were studied by means of FLAC3D. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel was proposed for bottom extraction roadway that underwent mining disturbance. We carried out a similarity model test to verify the effect of support in dynamic pressure. Monitoring results demonstrated the change rules of deformation and stress of surrounding rock in different supporting schemes. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel had an effective control on deformation of surrounding rock. The scheme was successfully applied in underground engineering practice, and achieved good technical and economic benefits.     

深井巷道围岩应力及变形规律的数值分析

采用非线性有限元法，对深井巷道围岩应力及变形状态进行了数值计算．分析了巷道埋深、围岩性质和断面形状对围岩变形的影响．结果表明：当巷道埋探小于某一临界深度时，巷道周边围岩移近量随巷道埋深增加呈线性增加；当超过临界深度时，巷道围岩移近量呈现指数规律增加趋势．围岩变形破坏的临界深度取决于围岩的力学性质及巷道断面形状等因素．     

移动压力支承作用下底板巷道围岩变形与采深的关系

本文阐明了移动支承压力影响区与采深的关系，提出了用有效载荷系数来反映动压作用下底板巷道围岩变形量的大小，结合孙村煤矿实测资料，总结出在跨采期间，底板巷道围岩变形量与有效载荷系数之间的定量关系，为深井开采移动支承压力作用下，底板巷道围岩变形量预测预报提供了一种方法。     

护巷煤柱宽度与巷道围岩变形的关系

本文在分析研究大量受采动影响巷道的矿压显现规律和围岩变形的基础上,提出了巷道在采动期间的围岩变形量,以及采动稳定期间的围岩变形速度同护巷煤柱宽度之间的关系,并得出巷道服务期间的围岩变形总量与护巷煤柱宽度之间的关系式,为选择护巷煤柱宽度提供主要依据。     

综放回采巷道围岩力学特征实测研究

通过对综放面回采巷道围岩的深部位移、表面位移、应力分布以及支架荷载的实测分析，得出综放面回采巷道围岩力学特征分布规律．研究表明，临近工作面巷道围岩处于支承压力降低区，支架荷载下降，但支架和围岩变形最剧烈，表明巷道围岩处于岩石峰后的力学状态．围岩变形主要发生支承压力影响区，合理的巷道支护应能控制采动影响剧烈阶段的围岩变形，顺槽支护设计理念应从载荷控制向变形控制转变．     

不同开采条件下巷道围岩支护反力理论分析

目前对深部巷道围岩表面变形理论计算公式仅限于截面为圆形的巷道,但在工程实例中多采用矩形巷道.就目前常见的深部开采条件,采用面积等效原理进行理论分析和数值模拟分析,即将矩形巷道采用等面积原理等效于相应的圆形巷道来计算围岩表面的变形.考虑不同截面尺寸,不同巷道埋深及不同岩性这3个因素,分别选取5个水平,进行正交试验设计出25组不同开采条件下巷道围岩表面变形.初步设计出各开采条件下的最佳支护方案,并在此基础上确定淮北袁店二矿101运输巷道控制围岩稳定的合理锚杆支护参数.     

Roadway deformation during riding mining in soft rock

“Riding mining” is a form of mining where the working face is located above the roadway and advances parallel to it. Riding mining in deep soft rock creates a particular set of problems in the roadway that include high stresses, large deformations, and support difficulties. Herein we describe a study of the rock deformation mechanism of a roadway as observed during riding mining in deep soft rock. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and on site monitoring were used to examine this problem. The stress in the rock and the visco-elastic behavior of the rock are considered. Real time data, recorded over a period of 240 days, were taken from a 750 transportation roadway. Stress distributions in the rock surrounding the roadway were studied by comparing simulations to observations from the mine. The rock stress shows dynamic behavior as the working face advances. The pressure increases and then drops after peaking as the face advances. Both elastic and plastic deformation of the surrounding rock occurs. Plastic deformation provides a mechanism by which stress in the rock relaxes due to material flow. A way to rehabilitate the roadway is suggested that will help ensure mine safety.     

Deformation mechanism and stability control of roadway along a fault subjected to mining

It is difficult to maintain the roadway around a fault because of the fractured surroundings, complex stress environment, and large and intense deformation in the mining process. Based on a tailgate of panel S2205 in Tunliu colliery, in Shanxi province, China, we investigated the evolution of stress and displacement of rocks surrounding the roadway during the drivage and mining period using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field trial methods. We analyzed the deformation and failure mechanisms of the tailgate near a fault. The deformation of surrounding rock caused by unloading in the drivage period is large and asymmetric, the roadway convergence increases with activation of the fault and secondary fracture develops in the mining period. Therefore, we proposed a specific control technique of the roadway along a fault as follows: (1) High-strength yielding bolt not only supports the shallow rock to load-bearing structures, but also releases primary deformation energy by use of a pressure release device in order to achieve high resistance to the pressure retained; (2) Grouting of near-fault ribside after initial stabilization of the rock deformation is used to reinforce the broken rock, and to improve the integral load-bearing capacity of the roadway. The research results were successfully applied to a field trial.